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Forme recherchée : 트랜스|トランス|性同一性障害|trans|брекзит|брексит|foreign|works|travailleurs|expatrié|trump|macron|daval|fleury|daube|plurital|mouvement|social|movement|industrial|action|anglicisme|وضعف|الانيه
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Ligne n°33 : ... Medicine- Ligne n°34 : Why transgender people are ignored by modern medicine
Ligne n°35 : Share using Email ...
Ligne n°39 : ... (Image credit: Getty Images)- Ligne n°40 : People at a black trans lives matter protest in London (Credit:
Ligne n°41 : Reuters/ Toby Melville) ...
Ligne n°43 : ... Gender is fundamental to many decisions in health care systems around- Ligne n°44 : the world – and this puts transgender people in a vulnerable position.
Ligne n°45 : I ...
Ligne n°47 : ... It was 2016 and Cameron Whitley was gravely ill. He was urgently in- Ligne n°48 : need of a kidney transplant, which should have been no problem. He was
Ligne n°49 : young and otherwise healthy. He had medical insurance. He even had ...
Ligne n°68 : ... Finally, just as Whitley, who is an assistant professor of sociology at- Ligne n°69 : Western Washington University, was approved for a transplant, his
Ligne n°70 : dialysis treatment led to massive blood loss and the operation had to ...- Ligne n°75 : Whitley is a transgender man – he identifies as male but his biological
Ligne n°76 : sex is female. He has been living as a man for around 20 years. In his ...
Ligne n°82 : ... gender in mind. Though there are thought to be nearly a million- Ligne n°83 : transgender people living in the US (this is a rough estimate as this
Ligne n°84 : data isn’t collected) there’s concern that this group is being largely ...- Ligne n°87 : Rather than devising new ways to cope with changing social norms,
Ligne n°88 : transgender people are often shoehorned into inappropriate boxes ...
Ligne n°87 : ... Rather than devising new ways to cope with changing social norms,- Ligne n°88 : transgender people are often shoehorned into inappropriate boxes
Ligne n°89 : instead. ...
Ligne n°90 : ... Cameron Whitley struggled to get appropriate treatment for kidney- Ligne n°91 : failure in a medical system not geared towards treating a transgender
Ligne n°92 : man (Credit: Cameron Whitley) ...
Ligne n°94 : ... Cameron Whitley struggled to get appropriate treatment for kidney- Ligne n°95 : failure in a medical system not geared towards treating a transgender
Ligne n°96 : man (Credit: Cameron Whitley) ...
Ligne n°103 : ... level, it’s an indication that their kidneys are failing and they are- Ligne n°104 : eligible for a transplant.
Ligne n°108 : ... to reflect the natural variation in the human body. Based on the female- Ligne n°109 : cut-off, he would have been allowed a transplant immediately. But he’s
Ligne n°110 : registered as a man on his medical records, and this meant his doctors ...
Ligne n°130 : ... Even Whitley’s dialysis was complicated by the current lack of- Ligne n°131 : knowledge about transgender medicine – the calculation that’s used to
Ligne n°132 : work out how regularly it needs to be done is based on another ...
Ligne n°137 : ... When you factor in the large data gaps in everything from the average- Ligne n°138 : life expectancy of transgender people to the right dosages of
Ligne n°139 : medications for their bodies, along with the widespread lack of ...
Ligne n°141 : ... them – and the high chance of them being refused treatment outright, it- Ligne n°142 : soon becomes clear that transgender medicine is in crisis. Few groups
Ligne n°143 : experience such significant barriers to healthcare, and yet their ...
Ligne n°144 : ... struggles are going largely unnoticed.- Ligne n°145 : Transgender and non-binary people can find themselves being called for
Ligne n°146 : scans and screening they do not need while missing out on others ...- Ligne n°149 : Transgender and non-binary people can find themselves being called for
Ligne n°150 : scans and screening they do not need while missing out on others ...
Ligne n°157 : ... in the UK – all 55 million – you won’t find a single record labelled as- Ligne n°158 : belonging to a transgender person. This is also true for those
Ligne n°159 : assembled by many providers in the US. ...
Ligne n°161 : ... “You can register as male or female, but you can still only choose- Ligne n°162 : between these two options – you can’t say if you are transgender or
Ligne n°163 : non-binary,” explains Kamilla Kamaruddin, a doctor who works for the ...
Ligne n°162 : ... between these two options – you can’t say if you are transgender or- Ligne n°163 : non-binary,” explains Kamilla Kamaruddin, a doctor who works for the
Ligne n°164 : National Health Service (NHS) and transgender woman. “So that’s quite ...
Ligne n°163 : ... non-binary,” explains Kamilla Kamaruddin, a doctor who works for the- Ligne n°164 : National Health Service (NHS) and transgender woman. “So that’s quite
Ligne n°165 : difficult.” ...
Ligne n°169 : ... “Sometimes this can be okay,” says Dina Greene, a clinical chemist and- Ligne n°170 : expert in transgender health at the University of Washington, Seattle.
Ligne n°171 : In many cases, if someone is going to see a medical expert where gender ...
Ligne n°172 : ... seems irrelevant, patients might not want their doctor to know they are- Ligne n°173 : transgender, she says. "It’s stigmatised.”
Ligne n°177 : ... our medical record systems often cancel pregnancy tests if they're- Ligne n°178 : ordered on men,” says Greene. (Some transgender men can get pregnant,
Ligne n°179 : depending on the treatment they have had. And though very few countries ...
Ligne n°183 : ... The gender you’re registered as also dictates which screening tests you- Ligne n°184 : are invited to, meaning that thousands of transgender men could be
Ligne n°185 : missing out on potentially life-saving cervical (Pap) smears and breast ...
Ligne n°185 : ... missing out on potentially life-saving cervical (Pap) smears and breast- Ligne n°186 : exams, while transgender women could be missing out on abdominal aortic
Ligne n°187 : aneurism check-ups (or prostate cancer screenings, if they live in the ...- Ligne n°190 : When Charlie Manzano, a transgender man from Martinez, California,
Ligne n°191 : informed his healthcare provider that he would like to register as ...
Ligne n°193 : ... still retained his female reproductive organs. “Most of my doctors have- Ligne n°194 : no idea about trans patients,” he says.
Ligne n°204 : ... overdoses.- Ligne n°205 : Kamilla Kamaruddin keeps a list of her own transgender patients to
Ligne n°206 : ensure they get the screening they need (Credit: Kamilla Kamaruddin) ...- Ligne n°208 : Kamilla Kamaruddin keeps a list of her own transgender patients to
Ligne n°209 : ensure they get the screening they need (Credit: Kamilla Kamaruddin) ...
Ligne n°214 : ... their biology. However, no such considerations are routinely made for- Ligne n°215 : transgender people, who, as a result of surgery or hormonal therapies,
Ligne n°216 : are known not to respond to certain drugs in the same way. ...
Ligne n°218 : ... This is all layered on top of some alarming statistics about- Ligne n°219 : transgender health. The group has higher rates of heart disease,
Ligne n°220 : certain cancers, mental health problems, suicide, smoking, and ...
Ligne n°221 : ... substance abuse than the general population – as well as an HIV- Ligne n°222 : prevalence which is up to 42 times the national average. Transgender
Ligne n°223 : people are not only more likely to get sick, but less likely to seek ...- Ligne n°237 : Transgender medicine arguably began with the Roman emperor Elagabalus,
Ligne n°238 : who reigned from 218 to 222 AD and is considered by some to be the ...
Ligne n°250 : ... From the 1960s, hormone therapy became more accessible. Today,- Ligne n°251 : transgender men often take testosterone, which can help them to develop
Ligne n°252 : larger muscles, beards and body hair, as well as deep voices – and even ...
Ligne n°252 : ... larger muscles, beards and body hair, as well as deep voices – and even- Ligne n°253 : sometimes male-pattern baldness – while transgender women often take
Ligne n°254 : oestrogen and a drug that blocks the action of their natural ...
Ligne n°253 : ... sometimes male-pattern baldness – while transgender women often take- Ligne n°254 : oestrogen and a drug that blocks the action of their natural
Ligne n°255 : testosterone, if they are still producing it. “Puberty blockers” are ...
Ligne n°257 : ... traits.- Ligne n°258 : There has been little research into how transgender people's bodies
Ligne n°259 : process drugs and anaesthetics (Credit: Getty Images) ...- Ligne n°261 : There has been little research into how transgender people's bodies
Ligne n°262 : process drugs and anaesthetics (Credit: Getty Images) ...- Ligne n°264 : Until recently, transgender medicine has generally focused on the
Ligne n°265 : process of “transitioning” – changing a person’s physical ...
Ligne n°264 : ... Until recently, transgender medicine has generally focused on the- Ligne n°265 : process of “transitioning” – changing a person’s physical
Ligne n°266 : characteristics so that they align with their gender identity – and not ...
Ligne n°272 : ... In 2015, a survey conducted by the Center for American Progress (CAP)- Ligne n°273 : found that 29% of the transgender respondents in the sample had been
Ligne n°274 : refused healthcare by a doctor because of their gender identity, just ...
Ligne n°276 : ... refuse care following protections introduced by the Obama- Ligne n°277 : administration. But US President Donald Trump recently reversed them,
Ligne n°278 : leading to growing concern about how this might affect transgender ...
Ligne n°277 : ... administration. But US President Donald Trump recently reversed them,- Ligne n°278 : leading to growing concern about how this might affect transgender
Ligne n°279 : people. ...- Ligne n°281 : “I think this is the biggest problem in transgender health – that
Ligne n°282 : people are denied basic care,” says Greene, adding that they often ...
Ligne n°286 : ... Another big challenge is the widespread lack of knowledge about- Ligne n°287 : transgender anatomy, along with ususual levels of curiosity about it.
Ligne n°288 : Whitley has first-hand experience of just how common this is. ...
Ligne n°306 : ... may have exacerbated his condition and delayed his eligibility for a- Ligne n°307 : transplant. “They were doing my calculations based on me being male,
Ligne n°308 : but at the same time they lowered my muscle mass [making this less ...
Ligne n°309 : ... logical],” he says. “This seems to be a thing that doctors do again and- Ligne n°310 : again, like, ‘let me focus on your trans identity and not on your
Ligne n°311 : kidney disease’.” ...
Ligne n°311 : ... kidney disease’.”- Ligne n°312 : Due to the way cancer screening is offered, transgender men will often
Ligne n°313 : miss out on vital tests that can detect the signs of breast cancer ...- Ligne n°316 : Due to the way cancer screening is offered, transgender men will often
Ligne n°317 : miss out on vital tests that can detect the signs of breast cancer ...
Ligne n°327 : ... Even when doctors are well-informed, it can still be difficult for- Ligne n°328 : transgender people to access certain potentially life-saving
Ligne n°329 : interventions because of the systems that are in place. ...- Ligne n°335 : This means that transgender men won’t be asked to attend screenings for
Ligne n°336 : breast and cervical cancer, but they will be invited to have the least ...- Ligne n°344 : Equally, transgender women who register as female will be summoned for
Ligne n°345 : breast and cervical screenings, but they won’t be asked to attend AAA ...- Ligne n°356 : If transgender patients don’t attend these inappropriate appointments,
Ligne n°357 : the reminders will just keep coming – often becoming increasingly ...- Ligne n°368 : Kamaruddin says she keeps a list of her own transgender patients and
Ligne n°369 : trains her nurses about the cancer and sexual health screenings they ...
Ligne n°377 : ... biological sex to themselves. They don’t always realise it’s still- Ligne n°378 : relevant after their gender transition. “A lot of transgender men don’t
- Ligne n°378 : relevant after their gender transition. “A lot of transgender men don’t
Ligne n°379 : know they need to have cervical screenings,” says Kamaruddin. ...
Ligne n°386 : ... were just sending me everything.”- Ligne n°387 : Transgender medicine has largely focused on the 'transitioning' of
- Ligne n°387 : Transgender medicine has largely focused on the 'transitioning' of
Ligne n°388 : gender rather than how medical conditions can affect people afterwards ...- Ligne n°391 : Transgender medicine has largely focused on the 'transitioning' of
- Ligne n°391 : Transgender medicine has largely focused on the 'transitioning' of
Ligne n°392 : gender rather than how medical conditions can affect people afterwards ...
Ligne n°395 : ... One solution to these issues is to introduce an option to register as- Ligne n°396 : transgender or non-binary, rather than simply male or female. But
Ligne n°397 : others have floated the idea of a “body organ checklist” – the idea ...- Ligne n°415 : They co-founded the Transgender Cancer Patient Project together in
Ligne n°416 : 2018, after realising that there were few support groups available for ...
Ligne n°416 : ... 2018, after realising that there were few support groups available for- Ligne n°417 : transgender cancer patients, and a lack of clear, factual information
Ligne n°418 : about cancer in this community. “So often articles are just clickbait ...
Ligne n°418 : ... about cancer in this community. “So often articles are just clickbait- Ligne n°419 : you know, like with the headline ‘Do trans hormones cause cancer?’,”
Ligne n°420 : says Manzano. ...- Ligne n°424 : Transgender health is also threatened by some sizeable data gaps.
- Ligne n°426 : It’s widely and erroneously reported that black transgender people have
Ligne n°427 : a life expectancy of just 35. But in reality, scientists have no idea ...
Ligne n°435 : ... such as race – gender often defies the binary categories and clear- Ligne n°436 : thresholds that much of modern medicine has been built on. Transgender
Ligne n°437 : people often have distinctive anatomy and physiology, not just compared ...
Ligne n°447 : ... concerned that the data required to develop it just isn’t being- Ligne n°448 : collected. For example, there might be hundreds of transgender women
Ligne n°449 : being treated for prostate cancer in the UK, but each oncologist will ...
Ligne n°450 : ... probably only see one or two cases themselves – and you can’t learn- Ligne n°451 : much about what works and what doesn’t, unless you view their data as a
Ligne n°452 : group. “We need to work together,” she says. ...
Ligne n°455 : ... accurately can mean the difference between life and death, it can be- Ligne n°456 : tricky to get this right for transgender people. There has been very
Ligne n°457 : little research into how their bodies process drugs, especially after ...
Ligne n°460 : ... Meanwhile Greene has found that when it comes to blood tests, the male- Ligne n°461 : version of the calculations should be used for most transgender men and
Ligne n°462 : the female version should be used for most transgender women – the ...
Ligne n°461 : ... version of the calculations should be used for most transgender men and- Ligne n°462 : the female version should be used for most transgender women – the
Ligne n°463 : process of being treated with hormones actually changes the person’s ...
Ligne n°467 : ... Addressing this missing data isn’t just critical for improving the- Ligne n°468 : treatment of transgender people – it could also help to readdress
Ligne n°469 : attitudes in the long-run. ...
Ligne n°473 : ... really mean anything,” says Greene. The lack of data is a vicious cycle- Ligne n°474 : – because no one knows how many transgender people there are, it’s hard
Ligne n°475 : for researchers to justify studying them. ...
Ligne n°480 : ... So what happened to Whitley? In the end, he got his kidney. It was- Ligne n°481 : donated by a close friend who is, incidentally, also transgender.
Ligne n°482 : Together with Greene, he wrote a scientific paper about his ...
Ligne n°484 : ... same thing. “I've had messages from a lot of people about it already,”- Ligne n°485 : he says. “I’ve even spoken to the parents of transgender kids who are
Ligne n°486 : in need of a transplant.” ...
Ligne n°485 : ... he says. “I’ve even spoken to the parents of transgender kids who are- Ligne n°486 : in need of a transplant.”