ADUMBRATIO LEXICI ANGLI ET LATINI

 

 

Articulorum pars prior iuxta argumenta hic ordinata est.  Haec argumenta quibusdam scribendi compendiis indicavi, puta .acsr (accessories), .anml (animals), ita ante lemmata interpositis ut vocabula more informatico sponte ordinari possent.  Delebuntur postea huiusmodi litterae compendiariae lemmataque omnia secundum alphabetum, ut fieri solet, ordinabuntur.

 

Quae anglice scripta sunt, ad lexici lectores spectant; quae latine, ad vos tantum.  Quae signum < nonnullis  in articulis sequuntur commentaria quaedam sunt, quibus exponitur cur hanc vel illam interpretationem latinam praeferendam censuerim.  Interpretamenta latina quae post signum < relegavi eiusmodi fere sunt quae nobis accipienda non putarim, digna tamen quae notarentur.  Auctorum recentiorum indicem in calce videte; multo plures mihi sunt recensendi.

 

De forma ac ordine articulorum adhuc haereo; quaeso hanc rem pensitetis.  Nondum addidi symbolas vestras; scio me quaedam vocabula hic tractasse quae iam a vobis tractata sunt; curabo posthac haec omnia unum in corpus redigenda.

 

 

symbols and abbreviations

 

+  medieval word (first found 700-1400)

*  modern word (first found since 1400)

Parentheses surrounding the above two symbols indicate that the word itself is ancient, but the meaning is first found in the medieval or modern period.  Certainty about the first appearance of post-ancient Latin words is impossible; our indications are based on consultation of certain dictionaries (see preface) and a number of primary sources.

 

Alb.  Sigrid Albert

Anc. Gr.  Ancient Greek

Byz. Gr.  Byzantine Greek

EB  Encyclopedia Britannica

eccl.  ecclesiastical

Eg.  Carlo Egger

EL  European languages

Forc.  Forcellini

Helf.  Helfer

Lev.  Levine, Latin Dictionary (1967)

LRL  Lexicon Recentioris Latinitatis (Vatican)

LS  Lewis and Short

Mod. Gr.  Modern Greek

MLBS  Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources

OED  Oxford English Dictionary

OLD  Oxford Latin Dictionary

PW  Pauly-Wissova, Real-encyclopädie

s.v.  sub voce (under the entry)

ThLG  Stephanus, Thesaurus Linguae Graecae

ThLL  Thesaurus Linguae Latinae

WC  WorldCat database

 

 

.acsr glove, mitten  chîrothêca, ae+ f. (Latham; Niermeyer; Hoven citing Erasmus and Vives)   <  Digitabulum, semel usurpatum: "quae [olea] manu stricta, melior ea quae digitis nudis, quam illa quae cum digitabulis [legis]" (Varr. R.R. 1, 55, 1).  OLD: "a finger-stall."  ThLL: "digitabulum ... i.q. digitale: Varr. Rust. 1, 55, 1 ..."  ThLL: "digitale, is  Gloss. -e daktulhqra h basanoV ... -ium musculorum, fingirdoccana (anglosax.) ... [it. ditale, francog. dé, hisp. dedal.  M.-L.]."  Vocabula illa vernacula idem sonant ac thimble, finger-stall.  ||  Latham s.v. chirotheca: "c. distincta per digitos c. 1330."

.acsr boot  (covering all or much of lower leg)  ocrea, ae f. (Erasmus, Holberg, etc.; in antiquity of leggings), caliga, ae f. (Ducrue 254: "antequam in atrium ingrederentur, omnem semper vestem, quin vel ipsas caligas deponere iubebantur");  (sturdy shoe, as hiking boot, work-boot)  pero, ônis m.

.acsr bow-tie  ? nodus collaris, ? papilio collaris

.acsr briefcase, attaché case  chartophylacium, i* n. (Anc. Gr.)

.acsr glasses  ocularia vitrea (n. pl.), ocularia, ium* n. pl. (Petrarch), conspicilla, orum (*) (Erasmus)

.acrs glove, mitten  chîrothêca, ae+ f. (Latham; Niermeyer; Hoven citing Erasmus and Vives)   <  Glove and mitten may be distinguished, when necessary, as chirotheca distincta (v. digitata) and chirotheca continua respectively.  ||  Digitabulum, semel usurpatum: "quae [olea] manu stricta, melior ea quae digitis nudis, quam illa quae cum digitabulis [legis]" (Varr. R.R. 1, 55, 1).  OLD: "a finger-stall."  ThLL: "digitabulum ... i.q. digitale: Varr. Rust. 1, 55, 1 ..."  ThLL: "digitale, is  Gloss. -e daktulhqra h basanoV ... -ium musculorum, fingirdoccana (anglosax.) ... [it. ditale, francog. dé, hisp. dedal.  M.-L.]."  Vocabula illa vernacula idem sonant ac thimble, finger-stall.  ||  Latham s.v. chirotheca: "c. distincta per digitos c. 1330."

.acsr handkerchief  sudariolum, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 104), mûcinium, i n.

.acsr purse  perula, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 16), crumêna, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 16)

.acsr sandal  solea, ae f., crepida, ae f.

.acsr scarf, muffler  fôcâle, is n. (Goelzer s.v. foulard), fascia collaris, amictorium (collare)

.acsr shoe: boot  (covering all or much of lower leg)  ocrea, ae f. (+) (Latham; Erasmus; Holberg, etc.; in antiquity of leggings), ? caliga, ae f. (Ducrue 254: "antequam in atrium ingrederentur, omnem semper vestem, quin vel ipsas caligas deponere iubebantur");  (sturdy shoe, as hiking boot, work-boot)  pero, ônis m.

.acsr shoe: sneaker, tennis shoe, athletic shoe  calceus campester (v. gymnicus v. athlêticus)

.acsr shoe-lace  corrigia, ae f.

.acsr shoe-store  calcearia, ae f. (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.acsr tie, neck-tie  ? fascia Croatica  < Fôcâle (Helfer); fascia Croata (LRL).  ||  fascia Croat(ic)a.  Nescio an competat, siquidem fasciis res obstringi vel obligari solent.  OED s.v. cravat: "It came into vogue in France in the 17th c. in imitation of the linen scarf worn round their necks by the Croatian mercenaries. When first introduced it was of lace or linen, or of muslin edged with lace, and tied in a bow with long flowing ends, and much attention was bestowed upon it as an ornamental accessory."

.acsr wallet, billfold  thêca nummorum

.adm aide  (e.g., congressional)  accensus, i m.

.adm bureaucracy, red-tape  contorti publicorum officiorum anfractûs (Eg. D.L. 55) )

.adm cabinet  (government)  consistorium, i n., consilium administrorum rei publicae regendae (Eg. D.L. 46), consilium administrorum civitati regendae (Eg. S.L. 9)

.adm commission  consilium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 30)

.adm commissioner ?  commissarius, i m. (Ducrue 243, of some public official)

.adm minister -- U.S. federal departments: Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs.  In U.K., after the office of prime minister, the chief posts are: secretary of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs; chancellor of the exchequer, who deals with public finance; secretary of state for home affairs; and the lord high chancellor, who is concerned with the courts of justice.

.adm minister of economic affairs, (US) secretary of commerce  administer ab oeconomicis negotiis (Eg. D.L. 30)

.adm minister of environmental affairs  administer a re oecologica* (Eg. S.L. 33)  < administer naturali ambitui tutando praepositus(Eg. S.L. 90)

.adm minister of foreign affairs, foreign minister, (US) secretary of state  administer exteris negotiis praepositus (Eg. D.L. 23), administer ab exteris negotiis (Eg. D.L. 46)

.adm minister of public health (or public welfare), (US) secretary of health and human services  Administer a salute publica (Eg. D.L. 47; Eg. S.L. 88)

.adm minister of the interior  minister rerum internarum (cf. Pharm. Austr. vii: "ministerium rerum internarum," of interior ministry of Austrio-Hungarian government)

.adm minister of the judiciary, (US) attorney general  administer a rebus iudiciariis (Eg. D.L. 44)

.adm minister, (US) secretary  (government)  minister publicus, rei publicae administer (Eg. S.L. 103), civitatis administer (Eg. D.L. 58), administer rei publicae regendae (Eg. S.L. 9)

.adm minister: (US) secretary of the treasury, (Br.) chancellor of the exchequer, finance minister  aerarii praefectus, administer rei nummariae praepositus (Eg. R.A. 99)

.adm minister: (US, Br.) attorney general

.adm minister: prime minister  minister (publicus) primarius, primarius administer (Eg. R.A. 54: "primarius Italiae administer"), praeses consilii administrorum rei publicae (Eg. D.L. 7), princeps consilii administrorum rei publicae regendae (Eg. D.L. 46), princeps administrorum rei publicae moderandae (Eg. S.L. 83)

.adm official: public official  subst.  accensus, i, m., apparitor, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 10; Eg. S.L. 52)

.adm president  (of nation)  praeses (Eg. D.L. 8);  (of university)  rector (universitatis v. acadêmicus), Rector Magnificus (Eg. D.L. 26)

.adm vice-president  praesidis vicarius (Eg. S.L. 37)

.adm viceroy  prorex (Ducrue 247 et passim)

.alch alcohol  (ethanol, ethyl alcohol, intoxicating element in alcoholic drinks)  spiritus vini (Pharm. Austr. xxiv et passim), alcohol vini, alcohol, is+ n. (Pharm. Austr. 24: "alcohol absolutus");  (general category of compounds, including ethanol, methanol, etc.)  alcohol, is+ n. (Reiss, Johannes Clemens, De aromaticis quibusdam alcoholis isobutylici derivatis  dissertatio inauguralis, Berolini 1879)  < OED s.v. alcohol, sense 3: "By extension to fluids of the idea of sublimation: An essence, quintessence, or ‘spirit,’ obtained by distillation or ‘rectification’; as alcohol of wine, essence or spirit of wine. Obs.  [Libavius Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum a mispr. or perhaps misconception for alcolizatum, see alcoholizated; Johnson Lex. Chym. (1657) 13, Alcohol vini, quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.]  1706 Phillips, Alcahol or Alcool, the pure Substance of anything separated from the more Gross. It is more especially taken for a most subtil and highly refined Powder, and sometimes for a very pure Spirit: Thus the highest rectified Spirit of Wine is called Alcohol Vini."  ||  OED s.v. ethyl: "1869 ROSCOE Elem. Chem. 310 *Ethyl alcohol, known as spirits of wine."  ||  WC: 3 titles with genitive "alcoholis"; no evidence of "alcoholum, i."

.alch alcoholic  (addicited to alcoholic drinks)  ebriosus, a, um (LS: "addicted to drunkenness"), (insane v. morbose) temeto deditus, alcoholomanês, is* m.

.alch alcoholic  (containing alcohol)  alcoholicus, a, um*, spirituosus, a, um (Pharm. Austr. 355: "spiritus vini cognac: liquor alcoholicus destillatione e vino obtentus ... sit limpidus, coloris flavi aut fusco-flavi, odoris et saporis suaviter peculiaris spirtuosi ... partes eius 100 contineant partes voluminis 44-48 ... alcoholis"; ibid. 397: "vinum album ... contineat in 100 partibus voluminis 8-10 partes alcoholis"; ibid. passim: "solutio spirituosa," a solution in alcohol)

.alch alcoholic beverage  [see also liquor]  temêtum, i n., ebriâmen, inis n. (Tert. de Jejun. 9), potio inebrians, potio alcoholica* (Eg. S.L. 96)  < The term ebriâmen might be used of all intoxicating substances.  < On use of inebriare, see Maximus Tyrius; cf. Herod. 4, 75

.alch liquor, distilled alcoholic beverage  aqua vitae, spiritus ardens (William Robson, De effectibus vini et spiritus ardentis in corpus humanum, Edinburgi 1803), temêtum distillatum, ? aqua fortis (Bonon. Acad. I, 66)  < potio valida (Eg. S.L. 107; Eg. D.L. 13: valida potio gentianina)

.alch1 anisette, pastis, ouzo  aqua vitae anîsâta*, anîsâtum, i* n.  < For the formation, cf. coriandratum.

.alch1 beer: brew beer  cervisiam braxare+, cervisiam coquere (Eg. S.L. 61)

.alch1 brandy  vinum adustum, (vinum) crematum

.alch1 champagne  (from Champagne, region in France)  vinum Campanense (Eg. D.L. 32);  (any sparkling wine)  vinum spumans (Pharm. Helv. [1907] xiv)

.alch1 chartreuse  (liqueur)  aqua vitae Cartusiâna

.alch1 cognac  vinum adustum Connacense, (vinum v. crematum) Connacense [see also brandy]  < For Connacense alone, with vinum understood, cf. Falernum.  Valida potio Conniacensis (Eg. L.D.I. 106), cóniacum (Helfer).

.alch1 gin  aqua vitae iuniperata*, iuniperâtum, i* n.  < For the formation of iuniperâtum, cf. coriandratum.

.alch1 retsina  (sort of Greek wine)  vinum resinâ conditum (Cels. 4, 5, 29)

.alch1 sherry  vinum Xeresanum (cf. urbs Xeresana, Ducrue 245, of the city of Jerez)

.alch1 vodka  vodca, ae* f., aqua vitae Russica

.alch1 whisky  vischium, i* n. (Eg. R.A. 21), aqua vitae Celtica (v. Hibernica v. Scotica)

.alch1 wine: new wine  vinum hornum (Eg. S.L. 99)

.anml baboon  cynocephalus, i m. (Cic.; Plin.; Eg. S.L. 80)

.anml dog: guard-dog  canis vigilax (Eg. S.L. 61)

.anml dog: sled-dog  canis traharius

.anml flamingo  phoenîcopterus, i m.

.anml giraffe  camêlopardalis, is f. 

.anml insect  insectum, i n., bestiola, ae f., animalculum, i (Hoven, "small animal"; this sense, Ducrue 251: "quod lecti et vestes pediculis at aliis animalculis scateant")

.anml insecticide  venenum insectis internecivum (Eg. S.L. 84)

.anml leopard  leopardus, i m. (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

.anml mammoth   mammûthus, i* (scientific name), elephantus primigenius (scientific name; Eg. D.L. 50)

.anml parrot  psittacus, i m.

.anml penguin  pinguînus, i* m., spheniscus, i* m.  < aptenodytes (Eg. D.L. 25).  Pinguinus was the scientific name of a similar actic bird, extinct since the early 1800s; its vernacular names (penguin, pinguino, pigouin, etc.) were transfered to the antarctic bird. 

.anml polar bear  ursus albus (Eg. S.L. 44; cf. Eg. L.D.I. 109: "ursi albo pilo, qui regiones incolunt glaciales")

.anml rattlesnake  serpens sistrifer (v. crotalophorus)

.anml seal  phôca, ae f., vitula marina

.anml shellfish  conchylium, i n., concha, ae f., testaceum i n. (Plin. 32, 58; Bonon. Acad. I, 72: "marina quaedam testacea")

.arab emirate  phylarchia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 30)

.arab Islam  fides (v. lex) Mahometana (v. islamica*), islâmum, i* n., islamismus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 82)

.arab mosque  templum Mahometanum, templum islamicum ((Eg. R.A. 144), meschîta, ae+ f. (Niermeyer; Eg. D.L. 33; Eg. R.A. 144)

.arab Muslim, Moslem  subst.  Mahometânus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 10; Eg. S.L. 64: "Mahometanam profitetur religionem"), Muslimus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 19; Eg. S.L. 41)

.arab Muslim, Moslem, Islamic  adj.  islamicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 39; Eg. S.L. 55)

.arab Shiite  Siita, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 39)

.art mural-painter  pictor parietarius (Edict. Diocl. p. 19)

.art ogive window (with pointed Gothic arch)  fenestra in acutum fastigata (Eg. R.A. 51)

.astr black hole

.astr galaxy  galaxias, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 20)

.astr light-year  leuca siderea (v. sideralis), lucis iter annuum  < annus luce mensus (Eg. D.L. 20)

.astr meteor, shooting star  bolis, idis f. (Plin. 2, 96), sidus deciduum (Plin. 2, 28), fax caeli (Lucr.), fax caelestis (Cic.; both terms also of comets), meteorolithus* (LRL)

.astr meteorite, meteoroid

.astr Milky Way  via lactea (Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 4, 9), galaxias noster (Eg. D.L. 20)

.astr observatory  specula, ae f. (Gauss VI, 27), observatorium, i n. (Gauss VI, 27)

.astr observatory (astronomical)  specula astronomica (Eg. D.L. 18)  < turris speculatoria (Eg. S.L. 78)

.astr orbit   subst.  orbita, ae f. (Sen. Q.N. 7, 10, 2: "lunaris illa orbita"; Eg. S.L. 13; Eg. S.L. 65: "duo enim satellites artificiosi ... rectam orbitam ingredi non valuerunt");  vb.  gyros peragere (Eg. D.L. 48: "officina sideralis ... gyros peragere desiit atque ad terram decidit"), orbem conficere (Eg. S.L. 14: "Columbia ... circum terram duodecies et centies orbem suum confecit")

.astr planet  stella errans (v. erratica v. erro), sidus errans, planêta, ae m.

.astr planet: Jupiter (planet)  stella Iovialis (Eg. D.L. 18; Eg. S.L. 52), Iuppiter, Iovis m.

.astr planet: Mars

.astr planet: Mercury

.astr planet: Neptune

.astr planet: Pluto

.astr planet: Saturn  (planet)  Sâturni stella, Sâturnia stella, Sâturnus, i m.

.astr planet: Uranus

.astr planet: Venus  (planet)  Venus, stella Veneris (Eg. D.L. 52)

.astr solar energy  vis solaris (Eg. D.L. 34)

.astr solar system  stellarum ordo solaris (Eg. S.L. 51)

.ball ball-player  sphaerista, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 52, of soccer player), pilicrepa, ae m. (Eg. S.L. 15)

.ball baseball  pila stationâria, basípila, ae f. (LRL)

.ball basketball  follis canistrarius (cf. LRL: canistrifollis, follis canistrique ludus)  < Ludus bascaudarius (Helf.) and follis bascaudarius (Alb. Imag.) appear to be based on an obsolete etymology deriving basket from the rare Latin word bascauda; in fact, bascauda is not a basket, but a scallop-shaped basin of bronze or silver, used for washing dishes (Hilgers 120; see OED s.v. basket)  ||  Ludus bascaudarius (Helf. citing Soc. Lat.), follis bascaudarius (Alb. Imag.); canistripila, canistrifollis, pilae (v. follis) canistrique ludus (LRL)  ||  "Bascauda" nec "canistrum" significat (potius "ahenum," "pelvim"), nec cognationem cum vocabulo Anglico "basket" habet, teste OED.  Hoc apud Forcellinum: "bascauda, ae, f., catinus, conca, vas Anglicum, in quo calices et cacabus lavabantur."  LS soli, inter lexicographos quos consului, illius "basket" mentionem faciunt, fisi scilicet etymologiae obsoletae ("prob. a delicately woven mat, or dish-holder of basket-work").  Hilgers 120: "muschelförmige Wanne, tiefe Schüssel ... ein Gefäss zum Geschirrspülen."  ||  EL: pallacanestro, kalaqosfaira

.ball cricket  pila clavâria (17th cent., of similar game)

.ball croquet  pila et malleum (Mercurialis 220)  < Mercurialis 220: "His dissimilem formam habet exercitationis illud genus, quod, non multis abhinc annis in Regno Neapolitano inventum, hodieque in universa fere Europa usitatum, apud Italos pilam et malleum [pallamaglio] vocant.  In hoc etenim primo brachia et dorsum exercentur, quando malleis ligneis pilam ligneam longe pellere coguntur ... quamquam aliquis antiquos etiam hac exercitatione non caruisse contendat, cum apud Avicennam inter ceteras exercitationes unum nominetur quod virgis retortis dictis alsulegian cum pila magna aut parva lignea efficiebatur, quas condiciones apprime nostra [sic] pilamalleo convenire unusquique videt, nisi alias tacuerit Avicenna, quod suo tempore notissimae essent."  Pila et malleum (or pilamalleum) here is clearly the Italian pallamaglio ("pall-mall, the old form of the game of croquet," Hoare, Italian Dictionary), very popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.

.ball golf  pila Caledonica (v. Scotica)

.ball hockey: ice-hockey  < alsulegia glacialis (Helfer; Albert I.V.), ludus pilae malleique super glaciem (Eg. D.L. 15), pilamalleum super glaciem (Eg. S.L. 67)  ||  Alsulegian or alsulegiam (not a Latin accusative form) appears to be found only in Mercurialis, De Arte gymnastica (1577), 220 and 365; Mercurialis mentions it as an Arabic word meaning virgae retortae ("turned-back sticks"), used by Avicenna in his description of a game that Mercurialis believes may be similar to pall-mall, the early version of croquet.  Mercurialis 220: "His dissimilem formam habet exercitationis illud genus, quod, non multis abhinc annis in Regno Neapolitano inventum, hodieque in universa fere Europa usitatum, apud Italos pilam et malleum [pallamaglio] vocant ... quamquam aliquis antiquos etiam hac exercitatione non caruisse contendat, cum apud Avicennam inter ceteras exercitationes unum nominetur quod virgis retortis dictis alsulegian cum pila magna aut parva lignea efficiebatur, quas condiciones apprime nostra [sic] pilamalleo convenire unusquique videt, nisi alias tacuerit Avicenna, quod suo tempore notissimae essent."  Mercurialis 365: "Hoc fortasse exercitationis genus intellexit Avicenna, quando dixit: Et ludere cum virgis retortis dictis alsulegiam cum pila magna, aut parva lignea."

.ball pelota, jai alai  pila Vasconica

.ball soccer (US), football (Brit.)  pediludium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 9), ludus follis pedumque (Eg. S.L. 9);  soccer game  certamen folle pedibusque ludentium (Eg. D.L. 52)  < adj. pediludiarius (Eg. S.L. 9)

.ball soccer/football: defender, fullback  defensor, oris m. (Eg. S.L. 17)

.ball soccer/football: forward, lineman  oppugnator, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 17)

.ball soccer/football: goal (soccer, hockey), goalposts (football)  porta, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 15)

.ball soccer/football: goal-line  terminus ... ?

.ball soccer/football: make a goal, score a goal  follem in portam ingerere (Eg. S.L. 16

.ball soccer/football: midfielders, halfbacks  acies media (Eg. S.L. 17)

.ball soccer/football: quarterback  lusor cardinalis ?

.ball soccer/football: touchdown  terminum attingere ?

.ball soccer: goalkeeper, goalie  portarius, i m. (Albert), portae custos (Eg. S.L. 17)

.bathr outhouse  postîcum, i n. (Lucil. ap. Non. 217, 20), casula necessaria (cf. Ducange s.v. necessaria: "loca necessaria," "domus necessaria," "aedificium necessariorum")

.bio breed  subst.  seminium, i n. (Varr.; Lucr.)

.bio cell (biology)  cellula (Pharm. Austr. 191)

.bio clone  clôn, clônis* m., clônium, i* n.

.bio creationism

.bio DNA

.bio evolution  generum animantium evolutio (v. explicatio)

.bio evolution: theory of evolution

.bio fossil  vestigium fossile;  shellfish fossils  fossilia testacea (Bonon. Acad. I, 72)

.bio gene  nota genetica (Eg. S.L. 80)  < genum (Helfer)

.bio genome

.bio microorganism, microbe, germ [see also bacteria]  < microorganismus (Pharm. Austr. xxvii)

.bio organic  < organicus* (Eg. S.L. 104: "virus [HIV] sanguine vel aliis liquoribus organicis transmittitur")

.bmb atom bomb  pyrobolus* atomicus* (Eg. D.L. 27)

.bmb bomb  subst.  pyrobolus, i* m. (Anc. Gr.; Bonon. Acad. I, p. 291; Eg. D.L. 24; Eg. R.A. 117);  v.t.  pyrobolis* verberare (Eg. D.L. 59: "bellicae aeronaves Bagdatum ... aliasque hostium urbes verberarunt"; Eg. S.L. 8: "dum aeronaves loca pyrobolis verberant"), pyrobolos* deicere (Eg. R.A. 117: "ex aëronavibus Americanis pyroboli sunt deiecti, quibus haec basilica ... est dire verberata")

.boat ferry  navis vectoria (Eg. S.L. 50)

.boat fishing boat  cymba piscatoria (Ducrue 258)

.boat submarine:  nuclear submarine  navigium subaquaneum vi atomicâ* actum (Eg. D.L. 28)

.boat yacht  celox (velifera), lembus (velifera), lembus lusorius (Eg. S.L. 18)

.body finger  The special designations: pollex, the thumb; index or salutaris, the forefinger; medius, also infamis and impudicus, the middle finger; minimo proximus or medicinalis, the ring-finger; minimus, the little finger, v. under those words.

.body finger: give (someone) the finger, flick or flip (someone) off  (alicui) medium unguem ostendere (Juv. 10, 53; Erasmus), (alicui) digitum impudîcum ostendere (Mart. 6, 70, 5)   < Juv. 10, 53: "cum Fortunae ipse minaci mandaret laqueum mediumque ostenderet unguem."

.body optic nerve  nervus opticus (Bonon. Acad. I, 304)

.bthr bathtub  solium (balnei v. balneârium) (see Hilgers 283), labrum (balnei v. balneârium)  < Solium is the term that denotes most precisely the bathtub; its use in this sense is frequent.  Labrum is a much more general term, describing vessels that hold water (tubs, basins, troughs); a modifying word is thus required to make clear the reference to the bathtub.  Solium for "bathtub" appears to be considerably more frequent than labrum in the same sense (see Hilgers 199-200 and 283).  A very rare word for bathtub is pyelus (Helfer): it occurs only once (Plaut. Stich. 4, 568: "ibo latum in pyelum").  Finally, alveus (according to Hilgers 98) is used only once of bathtub in literary texts.  ||  Quod "balnei v. balnearium" scripsi, cf. "balnearum solium" (Plin. 11, 238; Plin. 28, 63 et 183).  Archimedes in "solio" sedebat (Vitr. 9, pref. 10).

.bthr sink (any sink, including kitchen)  labellum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 29), labellum pertûsum (v. emissario praeditum v. abaco infixum v. pariete affixum v. culînae v. culînârium), fûsôrium (culînae v. culînarium) (fusorium culinae: Pall. 1, 17, 1: Helf. citing Pexenfelder)  < Labrum and its diminutive labellum apply generally to vessels for holding water (tubs, basins, troughs); adjectives or modifying expressions may thus be necessary to render precise the reference to the modern sink, characterized by its drain and by being built into a counter-top or wall.  We have preferred the diminutive, as labrum sometimes refers to a bathtub.  Pelvis, another word meaning "basin," appears less appropriate, since it is used especially of a vessel for washing the feet (Hilgers 249).  The word fusorium in Palladius (the only ancient passage) apparently refers to a kitchen drain, but might aptly be extended to the sink (a semantic shift that occurred in the word sink itself).

.bthr sink (for washing hands: bathroom sink, wash-basin)  trulleum, i n. (Varr.; Non.; see Hilgers 293), malluvium, i n. (Paul. ex Fest.)  < Hilgers 293: trulleus "fängt beim Händewaschen das Wasser auf"; invenitur trulleus hac significatione solum apud Varr., Non., glossaria.  ||  Malluvium glossema est: solum apud Festum et in glossariis.  Paul. ex Fest. (p. 160 Müll.): "malluvium dicitur, quo manus lavuntur."

.bthr toilet (fixture), commode  lásanum, i n. (Hor. S. 1, 6, 109; Petr. 41, 9; Anth. Lat. 205, 13; see Hilgers 209), sella (necessaria) (for sella in this sense, see Varr. R.R. 1, 13, 4; Scrib. Comp. 193 and 227; for necessaria, cf. Ducange s.v. necessaria: "loca necessaria," "domus necessaria," of restrooms or outhouses)  < Sella familiarica (Helf. citing Varr.), sella pertusa (Helf. citing Cato).  The adjective "familiarica" refers to use by servants (OLD; ThLL); it does not indicate that a cella or sella is a toilet.  Cella familiarica (Vitr. 6, 7, 2): "rooms for the slaves" (trans. M.H. Morgan); "rooms for the servants" (LS); "logement des esclaves" (Callebat Dict. 178).  Sellae familiaricae (Varr. R.R. 1, 13, 4): "privies for servants" (Loeb trans.).  Sella pertusa at Cato 117, 11 (the passage cited by Helfer and apparently the only example of the expression) does not appear to refer to a toilet.  ||  Quod ad lasanum spectat, vide ThLL: "lasanum ... vas alvo exonderandae aptum: [quoting Hor., Petr. 41, 9]; Petron. 47, 5 (loq. Trimalchio) si quid plus (quam crepitus ventris) venit, omnis foras parata sunt: aqua, ~i (Bucheler, lassant trad., -um Scheffer) et cetera minutalia."  ||  Quod ad familiaricus pertinet, vide OLD: "familiaricus ... of or belonging to household slaves" (citing Varr., Vitr., Dig.); ThLL: "familiaricus ... qui ad familiam, i. servos pertinet" (same cites plus Diff. gramm.).  ||  De sella, vide OLD: "sella ... 3 a seat used for the purpose of defecation ... [quoting Varr. 1.13.4] postea per ~as etiam abundantius eundem (sc. cruorem) deiciunt Larg. 193 [Scribonius Largus (early 1st cent.)]; cum desederint ad ~am 227; ~as ante petit Paterclianas Mart. 12.77.9; (cf.) ubi in scutra fervefeceris (lotium) sub ~am supponito pertusam Cato Agr.157.11"; "sellarium ... (app.) a privy.  clariissima quaeque (signa) ... violentia Neronis in urbem convecta et in ~iis domus aureae disposita Plin. Nat. 34.84; 36.111; secessu ... Caprensi etiam ~ia excogitavit, sedem arcanarum libidinum Suet. Tib. 43.1."

.bthr toilet (room), restroom, lavatory  latrîna, ae f. (Plaut.; Suet.), forica, ae f. (public restroom) (Juv.), secessus, ûs m. (Vulg.), necessarium, i+ n. (Latham; Niermeyer; Ducange), locus necessarius (Ducange s.v. necessaria)  < Ducange s.v. necessaria: "loca necessaria ... locus necessa­ri­orum ... domus necessaria ... aedificium necessariorum ... cum necessitate ad publica purgatoria venisset."

.bthr urinal  matella parietâlis (v. parieti affixa), ûrînal, âlis n. (of chamber pot: Gloss. Philox.; Latham)

.car1 odometer  hodometrum, i* n.

.cath breviary  breviarium, i n. (Ducrue 219)

.cath Catholic Church  ecclesia catholica (Eg. D.L. 7)

.cath encyclical (eccl.)  litterae encyclicae (Eg. L.D.I. 127)

.cath mass  missa, ae f., sacrificium, i n., sacrum, i n., missae sacrificium (Ducrue 235), sacra synaxis (Ven. Carm. 8, 17; Ducrue 235: "fere omnes sacra synaxi reficiebantur");  (sung mass, musical work)  missa cantata, missa modis musicis aptata;  Schubert's Mass  missa modis musicis a Schubertio aptata (cf. Hor. C. 2, 12, 4: "bella ... aptari citharae modis")  < missa polyphonica (Eg. S.L. 99)

.cath mass: celebrate mass (of priest)  sacris operari (Ducrue 261; Eg. D.L. 7), divinâ hostiâ litare (Eg. D.L. 9), divinâ hostiâ facere (Eg. D.L. 10), eucharisticum sacrificum immolare (Eg. D.L. 11), eucharisticum sacrificum celebrare (Eg. D.L. 43), dominicum celebrare (Eg. D.L. 11), missam dicere (Ducrue 254), missam decantare (Ducrue 255)

.cath mass: hear mass, take communion  sacram synaxim accipere (Ducrue 257)

.cath requiem (mass)  missa defunctorum (Eg. L.D.I. 126), officium defunctorum;  Mozart's Requiem  missa defunctorum a Mozartio modis musicis aptata (cf. Hor. C. 2, 12, 4: "bella ... aptari citharae modis")

.cath rosary  (prayer)  marialium precum series, rosarium, i* n. ((Ducrue 243: "sancto rosario ... beatissimam Matrem nostram publice venerati"; Eg. S.L. 71: "summus pontifex ... decadem precis marialis rosarii ... latine recitavit");  (beads)  sphaerulae precatoriae (Erasmus), rosarium, i* n. (Maigne), sertum globorum (Maigne)

.cath shroud of Turin  sacra sindon (sacrae sindonis) (Eg. S.L. 59)

.cath Swiss Guards (at Vatican)  Pontificia Helvetiorum Cohors (Eg. D.L. 23)

.cath Vatican  (as an area within Rome)  Civitas Vaticana (Eg. R.A. 90);  (as seat of church: Holy See)  Sedes Apostolica (Eg. D.L. 5; Eg. S.L. 68; Eg. R.A. 125: "ne confundatur Civitas Urbis Vaticanae cum Apostolica (vel Sancta) Sede, quae, ut libere agere possit, habet ibi quidem domicilium, sed non est idem")

.cath1 cardinal  subst.  cardinalis, is+ m.; purpuratus pater (Eg. D.L. 7)

.cath1 diocese  dioecesis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 11)

.cath1 parish  paroecia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 11)

.cath1 parish church  templum paroeciale (Eg. D.L. 9)

.cath1 pope  papa, ae m., Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus (Eg. D.L. 20)

.cath1 priest  sacerdos, ôtis m.f., presbyter, eri m. (Christian priest or elder, esp. in early Church) (Eg. R.A. 62

.cath2 Carmelite  (member of religious order)  Carmêlîta (or es), ae m. (friar) (Eg. R.A. 100), Carmêlîtis, idis f. (nun)

.cath2 Carthusian  (member of religious order)  Cartusiânus, i m. (Eg. R.A. 66)

.cath2 Dominican  (member of religious order)  frater Dominicalis

.cath2 Franciscan  (member of religious order)  frater Franciscalis (Eg. R.A. 27); Franciscalis, is m. (Eg. R.A. 90); Franciscânus, i m. (Ducrue 226: "patres Franciscani de observantia")

.cath2 Jesuit order, Society of Jesus  Societas Iesu (Ducrue 221; Eg. S.L. 78)

.cath2 monastery, convent  monastêrium, i n. (Aug.), coenobium, i (Hier.)

.cath2 monastery, convent: community of a religious order (whether or not monastic)  collegium, i n. (Erasmus), conventus, ûs m. (Ducrue 263 et passim, of Jesuits, Franciscans, Augustinians), claustrum, i n. (Ducrue 263, of Franciscans)

.cath2 nun  sanctimoniâlis, is f. (Aug., Abelard), mónacha, ae f. (Hier.), sacra virgo (Hier., Erasmus), moniâlis, is+ f. (Abelard; Corpus Iuris Canonici; Ducrue 246; Eg. S.L. 9)

.cath2 religious order  ordo (religiosus), religio, onis f. (Ducrue 262: "fuit etiam qui illis [Societatis Iesu noviciis] absolutionem negaret eo quod religionem relinquere noluissent")

.cath2 religious order: member of religious order (monk, friar, Jesuit father, etc.)  religiosus, i* m. (Ducrue 222: "excepit fatalia nova optimus pater eo quo religiosum decebat animo")

.cath2 superior  (in religious order)  superior, ôris* m. (Ducrue 222)

.chem alchemy  alchimia, ae+ (Eg. R.A. 88)

.chem alkaline  adj.  alcalinus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. 3)

.chem alumin(i)um  aluminium, i n. (Pharm. Austr. 28; Eg. D.L. 35)

.chem ammonia  ammonia, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 6 et passim)

.chem carbon-14: apply carbon-14 dating  aetatem e carbonii quartodecimarii* mensura statuere  < (Eg. S.L. 59: "dicitur aetatem reliquiarum accurate statuere usus oxydo carbonico secundum rationem 14")

.chem chemical  adj.  (Pharm. Austr. x: "medicamina ... arte chemica effecta");  subst.  (chemical sustance)  chemicum, i* n. (Pharm. Nosocom. 28),  praeparatum chemicum* (Pharm. Austr. xi: "cum praeparata chemica, quae usui therapeutico inserviunt, optimae indolis in commercio obveniunt," et passim; Pharm. Helv. [1872] v), materia chêmica* (Eg. S.L. 33)

.chem chemist  chêmicus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 59)

.chem chemistry  chêmia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 29)  < Chmeia and cumeia are ancient in Greek; cumeia is in Lidell-Scott, but manuscript reading chmeia is noted ("the art of alloying metals, alchemy, Zos.Alch. ap. Syncell. p. 24"; several other authors cited).  Stephanus: "chmeia, h, a Suida exp. h tou argurou kai crusou kataskeuh ... sumpta e Joanne Antiocheno."  Ducange: "Chimia, auri conficiendi ars sacra.")

.chem chloroform  chloroformium, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 7)

.chem concentrated  ? concentratus, a, um (Pharm. Austr. xxiv)

.chem copper  cyprium, i n., cupr(i)um, i n., aes Cyprium (Eg. D.L. 25)

.chem cyanide  venenum cyanhydricum* (Eg. D.L. 42)

.chem dioxin  dioxynum, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 47)

.chem evaporate  evaporare (Pharm. Austr. 5 et passim)

.chem extract  subst.  extractum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. xvii et passim)

.chem filter  vb.  filtrare  (Pharm. Austr. xxvii et passim)

.chem flourescence  < Mod. Gr. fqorismoV

.chem flourescent light 

.chem formula  formula, ae f. (Pharm. Helv. [1872] iv: "formulas chemicas")

.chem gas  subst.  vapor, ôris m. (Pharm. Austr. xxv et passim; Bonon. Acad. I, 69: "quod contra accidit in marga, creta, aliisque huius generis densioribus, per quae vapores non faile penetrant"), aêr, aëris m., fluidum aëriforme (Pierre Giraud, Dissertatio chemico-medica, de fluidorum aeriformium gas dictorum nova doctrina ad medicinam accommodata, Monspelii 1778), substania aeriformis (Bartal in def. s.v. gasificatio), gas, gasis* n. (Pharm. Austr. 11: "partes 100 acidi hydrochlorici concentrati partes 25 gasis hydrochlorici contineant"; ibid. 15 "gase hydrosulfurato saturatum"; ibid. 30: "partes 10 gasis ammoniae"), gasium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 28);  adj.  aërius, a, um, aëriformis, e*, gasicus, a, um* (Eg. L.D.I. 109: "opificium gasicum ... ubi gasium conficitur")  < OED s.v. gas: "A word invented by the Dutch chemist, J. B. Van Helmont (1577-1644), but avowedly based upon the Gr. chaos ('halitum illum Gas vocavi, non longe a Chao veterum secretum.' Ortus Medicinæ, ed. 1652, p. 59a) ... 1. An occult principle supposed by Van Helmont to be contained in all bodies, and regarded by him as an ultra-rarefied condition of water (see quot. 1662). Obs. ... 1662 J. CHANDLER Van Helmont's Oriat. 69 Because the water which is brought into a vapour by cold, is of another condition, than a vapour raised by heat: therefore..for want of a name, I have called that vapour, Gas, being not far severed from the Chaos of the Auntients..Gas is a far more subtile or fine thing than a vapour, mist, or distilled Oylinesses, although as yet, it be many times thicker than Air. But Gas it self, materially taken, is water as yet masked with the Ferment of composed Bodies. 1692 tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (1693) 99/2 Gas, a term used by Helmont, and signifies a Spirit that will not coagulate, or the Spirit of Life, a Balsom preserving the Body from Corruption."  ||  WC titles: No form of "gasium," but several instances of "gas" invariable: de gas mephitici, seu aeris fixi proprietatibus; de gas mephitico (2 titles); gas oxygenii (2 titles); ad combustionem gas inflammabilis et vitalis; de fluidorum aeriformium gas dictorum nova doctrina; descriptio methodica subtilium fluidorum et elasticorum, quae gas, vel varii aeris nomine hodie veniunt; de effluviis aëriformibus gas dictis; no declined forms "gas, gasis."

.chem helium  hêlium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 46)

.chem hydrochloric acid  acidum hydrochloricum (Pharm. Austr. 6; Pharm. Helv. [1907] 13)

.chem hydrogen  hydrogenium, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. xii; Eg. D.L. 46)

.chem iodine  iodum (Pharm. Austr. 220 et passim)

.chem ion  iôn, iontis* n.

.chem litmus paper  ? charta exploratoria (Pharm. Austr. 23: "charta exploratoria caerulea aethere acetice ne statim rubefiat"; ibid. 191: "chartam exploratoriam ne mutet")

.chem mercury  argentum vivum (Plin.; Vitr.; Eg. D.L. 19), hydrargyrus, i m. (Plin.; Eg. D.L. 19), mercurius, i+ m. (Eg. S.L. 78)

.chem molecular  moleculâris, e (Gauss V, 32)

.chem molecular weight  pondus moleculâre (Pharm. Austr. xx)

.chem neon  neon, i* n. (Mod. Gr.)  < Eg. S.L. 33: "in titulis officinarum lumine neon fulgentibus."  Mod. Gr. neon (aerion).

.chem neon light  lûmen neô replêtum

.chem nitric acid  acidum nitricum (Pharm. Austr. 13; Pharm. Helv. [1907] 15)

.chem nitroglycerin  nitroglycerinum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 29)

.chem oxygen  oxygonium, i* n. (Mod. Gr.), oxygenium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 37);  adj. oxygonicus, a, um*, oxygenicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 37)

.chem platinum  platinum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 25);  adj.  platineus (Pharm. Austr. 19: "in lamina platinea")

.chem reaction: chemical reaction  reactio chemica (Pharm. Austr. xiv)

.chem residue (chemical)  residuum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. xxvii)

.chem sediment (chemical)  sedimentum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. 423)

.chem sodium  natrium, i* n., sodium, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 70)

.chem sterilize  < sterilefacere (Pharm. Austr. xxviii)

.chem strychnine  strychninum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 357; Eg. S.L. 26)

.chem sulfuric acid  acidum sulfuricum (Pharm. Austr. xxv; Pharm. Helv. [1907] 18)

.chem titanium  titanium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 56)

.chem uranium  ûranium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 25; Eg. S.L. 35)

.chem volatile (chem.)  volatilis, e (Pharm. Austr. 5)

.chem water vapor  vapor aqueus (Bonon. Acad. I, 294; Eg. D.L. 20)

.chem zinc  zincum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 13; Eg. S.L. 26)

.chin pagoda  pagôda, ae* f. (17th cent.); turris Buddhistica  < templum Buddhisticum (Eg. S.L. 58)

.chld baby bottle  titina, ae f. (Souter citing Soran.; see Hilgers 80), lagoena (v. laguncula) infantilis (v. papillata)  < Soran. p. 43 (quoted in Hilgers): "quod ei [sc. infanti] bibere dabimus?  Aliquando aquam, aliquando vinum aquatius per vasculum vitreum ad similitudinem papillae formatum et pertusum, quod rustici ubuppam appellant aut titinam."

.chld baby-carriage  chîromaxium infantile

.chld diaper  subligar (v. subligaculum) infantile  ||  lagoenula suctoria (Helf. citing Bauer)

.chrc apse  apsis (or absis), is (or îdis) (Paul. Ep. 12; Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 7; Eg. R.A. 11: "amplissimi conclavi in apisda curvati")

.chrc baptistery  baptistêrium, i n.

.chrc basilica  basilica, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 23)

.chrc catacombs  sepulcrêtum subterrâneum (Eg. R.A. 113), coemêtêrium subterrâneum (Eg. R.A. 16, 111: "inde non procul est aditus ad subterraneum coemeterium ('catacumbas') Sancti Callisti ... sed de huius modi sacris cryptis paulo fusius videtur esse tractandum"), catacumbae, arum f. pl. (late ancient inscriptions, of a particular underground cemetery near Rome; 120, 64: "cuius corpus ... e 'catacumbis,' quae dicuntur ... est translatum," 111: "solum saeculo nono ... vocabulum 'catacumbarum,' cuncta coemeteria eius modi significans, in communem consuetudinem abiit")

.chrc cathedral  templum cathedrale (Eg. D.L. 44; "cathedralis," Souter), ecclesia cathedralis (Ducrue 245; Eg. S.L. 9)

.chrc chapel  sacellum, i n. (Eg. R.A. 27), capella, ae+ f., aedicula sacra (Maigne s.v. capella), aedicula, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 27, of chapel along side aisle of large church)

.chrc chaplain  sacellanus, i+ m., capellanus, i+ m.

.chrc cloister  (four-sided colonnaded court-yard, esp. in monastery or convent)  peristylium, i n. (Eg. R.A. 53), peristylium monasticum (Eg. R.A. 116), porticus quadrilatera (Eg. R.A. 37, 52)

.chrc crypt  (of church)  cella subterannea (Eg. R.A. 61), ? crypta, ae f., ? hypogêum templi (v. ecclêsiae)

.chrc narthex  narthex, êcis (*) m. (Eg. R.A. 117), templi (v. ecclêsiae) vestibulum  < Narqhx in Greek has had this meaning since the 3rd century A.D. (see Lidell-Scott; OED).

.chrc nave (of church)  spatium medium (Eg. R.A. 49, 51, 131: "ubi spatium medium iungitur alae transversae")

.chrc pew  subsellium templi (v. ecclêsidae)

.chrc porch (of church or temple, portico)  pronâus (or os), i f. (Vitr.; Eg. R.A. 128: "Petriana basilica patet in longitudinem una cum pronao 218 metra"), porticus, ûs f. (Eg. R.A. 129)

.chrc presbytery (part of church where altar is placed, beyond choir)  presbyterium, i (+) n. (Niermayer; Eg. R.A. 52)

.chrc pulpit  suggestus (sacer) (Erasmus, etc.), pulpitum, i n. (Eg. R.A. 28)

.chrc rose window  (of church) 

.chrc sacristy  sêcrêtârium, i n. (Eg. R.A. 49, 28: "superest ut mentio fiat de veneratissima parva effigie Iesu infantis, quae ad secretarium basilicae asservatur")

.chrc sexton, church custodian  sacellanus, i (Ducrue 232: "bona et claves ecclesiae sacellanus, episcopi nomine, suscepit") 

.chrc side aisle (flanking nave of church)  ala a latere posita (Eg. R.A. 51: "antiquae columnae, quibus spatium medium ab alis a latere positis distinguebantur, solidis pilis cesserunt"; cf. Eg. R.A. 127: "spatium medium [basilicae] et ab utroque latere duae alae columnis marmoreis secernebantur")

.chrc steeple, spire, church tower, campanile  sacra turris (Eg. R.A. 71), templi pinnaculum (Vulg. Matt. 4, 5)

.chrc transept  ala transversa (Eg. R.A. 27);  north transept  ala sinistra ((Eg. R.A. 49), transversa ala sinistra (Eg. R.A. 60);  south transept  ala dextera (Eg. R.A. 52), transversa ala dextera (Eg. R.A. 54)

.chrs baptism  baptisma, atis n., baptismus, i m., sacrum lavâcrum (Eg. R.A. 53)

.chrs baptize  baptismo abluere ((Eg. R.A. 144), baptîzâre (Vulg.; Hier.; Aug.)

.chrs Bible  scriptûra sacra (v. dîvîna), litterae sacrae (v. dîvînae), sacra Biblia n. pl. (Ducrue 255; Eg. L.D.I.  120);  reading of the Bible, Bible study  sacra lectio (Ducrue 255)

.chrs Bible: Vulgate  vulgata bibliorum sacrorum editio (Eg. R.A. 62), editio vulgata (sacrae scripturae)

.chrs Christian  Christiânus, i m., Christicola, ae m. (Prud.; Eg. R.A. 36), Christi fidêlis (or Christifidêlis) (frequent in eccl. documents of 19th and 20th centuries)

.chrs church  (body of believers, congregation)  ecclêsia, ae f.;  (building)  sacra aedes (Eg. S.L. 59), templum, i n. (Ducrue 224, of church of Jesuit mission), ecclêsia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 82)

.chrs council (eccl.), synod  concilium, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 127: "Concilium Oecûmenicum Vaticanum II"), sýnodus, i f. (Ducrue 231)

.chrs deacon  diaconus, i m.

.chrs eucharist  eucharisticum sacrificum (Eg. D.L. 11)

.chrs faith-healer  thaumaturgus, i* m. (Anc. Gr.)

.chrs flood: the Flood, universal deluge  dilûvium, i n. (Vulg. Gen. 7, 7; Sen. Q. N. 3, 27; Bonon. Acad. I, 68)

.chrs hell  inferi, orum m. pl., infernus, i m. (Vulg.; Ambros.), gehenna, ae f. (Vulg.; Tert.), tartarus, i m. (Eg. R.A. 135)

.chrs mission  (missionary work in a certain region; also, building)  missio, onis f. (Ducrue 219: "missi [sunt] etiam ad alias missionum provincias ministri," 222: "gubernatorem ... ad suam missionem, quae duodecim abhinc horis distabat, adduxit")

.chrs missionary  missionarius, i m. (Ducrue 219: patres missionarii, of Jesuit missionary), missionalis, e (Eg. D.L. 9)

.chrs Mormon  Mormonianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 45)

.chrs Orthodox Church (Eastern)  Ecclesia orthodoxa (Eg. S.L. 79)

.chrs preach  praedicare (Vulg. Matt. 4, 17 et passim; Eg. L.D.I. 111: "idem nuntius tradebatur seu, ut verbo christiano utar, praedicabatur etiam Romanis doctrinâ excultis"), contionari

.chrs preacher  praedicâtor, ôris m., contiônâtor (sacer), ecclêsiastês, ae m. (Erasmus)

.chrs Protestant  Protestans, ntis m. (Eg. R.A. 100), Acatholicus, i* m. (non-Catholic, normally used of Protestants) (Ducrue 262: "non solum nobis summo dolori, sed et omnibus Catholicis, immo et Acatholicis, maximo scandalo fuit," 266: "ab excellentissimo gubernatore civitatis illius [Ostend], licet Acatholico, perhumaniter fuimus excepti");  adj.  Protestanticus, a, um*

.chrs sermon  (sacra) contio (Erasmus, etc.), sermo, ônis m. (Aug.; Eg. R.A. 117: "verba Augustini, e sermone excerpta quem sollemni die Laurentii ad populum habuit"), tractatus, ûs m. (Aug.)

.chrs win souls for God  animas Deo lucrari (Ducrue 235)

.clth cashmere  lana Casmirica

.cont barrel, cask  cûpa, ae f. (Caes.; Luc.; Comenius O.P. ch. 80; see Hilgers 165)  < Cupa, rather than dolium, is the appropriate name for the barrel or cask.  The cupa of the ancients corresponds precisely to our barrel: a cylindrical wooden container, made of staves bound by hoops (called circuli) (Hilgers 165).  The dolium, on the other hand, was belly-shaped, made usually of clay (occasionally of tin, glass or stone, but never of wood), and enormous: the texts mention dolia with capacities of 100 gallons and more (Hilgers 57-58, 171, 175).  ||  "Die Form [der cupa] ist ziemlich genau unseres Fasses" (Hilgers 165).

.cont barrel: tank, vat  dolium, i n. (see Hilgers 57-58), receptaculum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 35), exceptorium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 33: "exceptorium olei terrigeni"; Eg. S.L. 84: "ex peramplo exceptorio subterraneo ... gasium illud effluxit")  < The dolium, made usually of clay, but occasionally of tin, glass or stone, was the largest container of the ancients: the texts mention dolia with capacities of 100 gallons and more, and Diogenes lived in one (Hilgers 57-58, 171, 175). 

.cont bottle  lagoena, ae f., ampulla, ae f., laguncula, ae f. (Egger S.L. 26, of pill bottle)  < Lagoena is the best general term, and is appropriate for ordinary wine and beer bottles; the ampulla is a bottle with a belly-shaped rather than a cylindrical body; the diminutive laguncula might be applied to a small bottle, as for pills.

.cont bread pan  artopta, ae m.

.cont can (for food or drink)  < vas metallicum (Eg. S.L. 70), vasculum metallicum (Eg. S.L. 96)

.cont can (sealed metal container for food or drink)  pyxis ferrea (v. metallica v. cibaria) (see Hilgers 265-66)  < The "tin" can is actually steel, with a very thin coating of tin or plastic; soft drink cans are aluminum.  Note that ferrum and ferreus refer to steel as well as iron (see PW s.v. Stahl, ser. 2, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 2126).

.cont can: jar  pyxis vitrea, fidêlia, ae f. (Col.)  < Fidelia is a particularly appropriate term for the sort of jar intended for preserving or "canning"; Columella uses the term several times of a glass or clay vessel with a tight lid, used for preserving fruit (Hilgers 182).  The cadus, a storage vessel of uncertain form, was much larger than the vessels we normally call "jars"; the texts mention capacities in the range of four to nine gallons (Hilgers 42 and 127).

.cont container  vas, vasis n., vasculum, i n., exceptorium  < Vas in the singular refers specifically to an enclosed vessel, a container; but the plura vasa refers much more generally to "implements, gear, bagage, possessions."

.cont cork  (for wine bottle)  obturamentum (subereum v. lagoeni)

.cont cruet (containing oil or vinegar for table)  ampulla, ae f. (small bottle with belly-shaped body) (Lev.)

.cont dish: bowl  acêtabulum, i n. (small bowl; see Hilgers 34 and accompanying figures), paropsis, idis f. (large bowl; see Hilgers 33 and 92), lanx cava (Mart. 11, 31, 19), catînus cavus (see Hilgers 143), catillus cavus  < Acetabulum and catillus cavus are appropriate for smaller bowls, such as cereal bowls; the other terms for larger bowls, such as soup, serving, or mixing bowls.  Isidore's etymology, associating acetabulum with acetum (20 Orig. 4, 12) is probably fanciful; the texts show that the acetabulum had a great variety of uses; and in no passage (other that of Isidore) is there any mention of vinegar (Hilgers 33-34 and note 166).  As an ancient measure, the acetabulum was about one-fourth cup. ||  Mart. 11, 31, 18-19: "Sic implet gabatas paropsidasque, / et leves scutulas cavasque lances."

.cont dish: dish (serving dish, platter)  lanx, cis f., discus, i m., missorium, i n., patella, ae f., patina, ae f.;  (food served in a dish, certain preparation of food) ferculum, i n., pátina, ae f. (Cic.; Apic.; see Hilgers 246), patella, ae f. (see Hilgers 240)  < Discus and missorium are late ancient words; patina and patella are used not only of dishes for the table but also of shallow cooking vessels (Hilgers 239-246).  A general term for any vessel in or on which food or drink is served is ministerium (Paul. sent. 3, 6, 86: "ministeria omnia, velut urceoli, lances, patinae, piperatoriae"; see Hilger 222).

.cont dish: dishes (general term for vessels used to contain food at table)  vasa escaria (n. pl.)  < A general term for any vessel in or on which food or drink is served is ministerium (Paul. sent. 3, 6, 86: "ministeria omnia, velut urceoli, lances, patinae, piperatoriae"; see Hilger 222).

.cont dish: plate  catînus, i m. (see Hilgers 48-49), orbis (escarius) (Vives, Commenius, etc.);  small plate (as desert plate)  catillus, i m.  < Quid hic faciendum haereo.  Catinus and catillus sola sunt vocabula quae Hilger voce Teller ("plate," "assiette") Germanice reddit; ita hic posui, quamvis catinus (et fortasse catillus) etiam "dish" ("Serviergefäss," "Schüssel oder Platte") significare queat.  Fieri potest teste Hilgerio discrimen eius modi exstitisse ut catinus potius ad "dish, Schüssel" spectaret, catillus ad "plate, Teller"; hoc discrimen si accipere voluerimus, hic catillus tantum ponendum, catinus sub voce "dish."  Orbis non antiquitus, sed inde a renatis litteris nostrum "plate" sonat; nobis utile quia desunt voces antiquae quas "plate" peculiariter significare constet.

.cont dish: platter  see dish, tray

.cont dish: saucer  ? suppositorium (Souter), ? suppoculare*

.cont dish: tray  repositorium, i n., ferculum, i n. (see Hilgers 180), lanx, lancis f.  < Lanx refers normally to a serving dish, but occasionally to a tray, as for carrying gifts or cups (Hilgers 207).  ||  Videtur ferculum -- cum non ad ipsos cibos, ut saepe, spectat -- potius "tray" quam "serving dish" significare: "Da ferculum als Auftrageplatte die Schüsseln mit Speisen trägt, est es fraglich, ob oder wieweit es noch also Gefäss ansehen muss" (Hilgers 180).

.cont drink: canteen  (container for water used by soldiers, hikers)  ampulla castrensis (see Hilgers 38: "the ampulla has a form similar to our canteen");  (cafeteria on military base)  popîna castrensis (v. militâris), refectorium castrense (v. militâre) (for refectorium, see Souter citing Greg. M.)

.cont drink: cup  poculum, i n., poculum ansatum (drinking vessel with handle), poculum fictile (earthenware drinking vessel), scyphus, i m.;  small cup (as espresso cup)  pocillum, i n. (small drinking vessel) [see also paper cup, plastic cup, prize cup]  < Poculum is the general term for drinking vessels; those we call "cups" may be distinguished, if needed, by adjectives such as ansatum, fictile, chartaceum.  Of the various specifically-named ancient drinking vessels, the most similar in shape to our ordinary cup is perhaps the scyphus, shorter and more cylindrical in form than the calix or cantharus, and having handles (Hilgers 275 and tables at back of book).

.cont drink: cup (as prize in competition), prize cup  cantharus, i m. (Egger S.L. 16: "aurem cantharum pondo quinque chilogrammatum tradit, praemium primorum in orbe terrarum eiusmodi ludi certantium," of World Cup in soccer; Eg. S.L. 36: "palmam tulerunt seu, quo melius dicam, aureo cantharo, qui est huius modi victorum insigne, sunt donati")  < The prize cups awarded for athletic events normally have the form of the ancient cantharus.

.cont drink: cup: paper cup  poculum chartaceum

.cont drink: cup: plastic cup  poculum euplasticum*

.cont drink: glass (drinking)  poculum (vitreum) [see also wine glass]  < Poculum is the general term for drinking vessels; the material, if important, may be specified by an adjective, such as vitreum, fictile, crystallinum.

.cont drink: glass: crystal goblet  crystall(in)um, i n.

.cont drink: glass: wine glass, goblet  poculum vinarium, calix, icis m. (drinking vessel with stem; see Hilgers 45)

.cont drink: glassware  vitrea potôria n. pl. (Dig. 33, 10, 3, 3) 

.cont drink: mug  see cup, stein

.cont drink: stein (beer), tankard  cantharus (cervesiarius*) (Comenius, etc.)

.cont ice tray  formula glaciei (cf. Chalc. comm. 323: aqua "in formulas obriguerit"), alveolus glaciei

.cont kettle  aênum, i n.

.cont ladle, dipper  cyathus, i m., simpulum, i n.

.cont ladle: scoop  (ladle-shaped) cyathus, i m., simpulum, i n.;  (relatively flat, shovel-shaped)  vatillum, i n.

.cont mold  form(ul)a, ae f.

.cont oil can  infusorium (v. suffusorium) olei (see Hilgers 199 s.v. infusorium: "a vessel for pouring oil into a lamp")

.cont pan (for cooking)  sartâgo, inis f., patina, ae f., patella, ae f.  < Sartâgo is a pan for cooking (Hilgers 269-70); patina and the diminutive patella can refer either to a shallow cooking vessel (often with a lid) or to a dish for the table (Hilgers 239-246).

.cont pan: frying pan, skillet  frixorium, i n. (see Hilgers 15, 185)  < Sartâgo applies to any pan for cooking (Hilgers 269-70); frixorium (a post-classical word) applies specifically to a pan for frying.

.cont pan: pot (for cooking), casserole  olla, ae f., caccabus, i m. (see Hilgers 39-41 on both terms and their synonymity)

.cont pan: pots and pans, cookery  vasa coquinaria (see Hilgers 14)

.cont pan: saucepan  olla ansata

.cont pitcher, carafe, jug  urceus, i m., urceolus, i m.

.cont pitcher: coffeepot  urce(ol)us caffêârius*  < Hirnea for coffeepot or teapot (Helfer, Albert) is best avoided; the few occurrences of the word (Plaut., Non., Cato) indicate it was an earthenware vessel used for storing wine or for baking, and provide no information about its form (Hilgers 196).

.cont pitcher: teapot  urce(ol)us teârius*  < Hirnea for coffeepot or teapot (Helfer, Albert) is best avoided; the few occurrences of the word (Plaut., Non., Cato) indicate it was an earthenware vessel used for storing wine or for baking, and provide no information about its form (Hilgers 196).

.cont thermos bottle 

.cont vase (tall vessel for displaying flowers)  urna floraria*, vas florarium*

.conv bless you! gesundheit!  (exclamation when someone has sneezed)  Deus te tueatur

.conv bon appétit!  libenter cena (v. comede v. cenate v. comedite) (Eg. L.D.I. 83), bene tibi (v. vobis) sapiat, bonam orexim (tibi exopto)

.conv bon voyage, have a good trip  sit tibi (v. vobis) iter laetum (Eg. L.D.I. 89), bene ambula (Eg. L.D.I. 89)

.conv cheers!  (salutation when drinking)  sit tibi (v. vobis) salutiferum, prosit tibi (v. vobis), propîno tibi (v. vobis) salutem (Eg. L.D.I. 83), feliciter (Eg. L.D.I. 83)

.conv cold:  it's cold (of weather)  frigus est (Eg. D.L. 13);  I'm cold  algeo, algesco (Eg. D.L. 35)

.conv date: what's the date today?  qui dies est hodie? (Eg. L.D.I. 100), quotus dies est hodie?

.conv luck: good luck!  fêlîciter!  bene tibi (v. vobis) vertat!

.conv name:  what is your name?  qui vocaris? quod tibi nomen est?

.conv night: good night!  bene dormias!  bene quiescas!  molliter cubes!

.conv old: how old are you?  quot annos natus es?  I'm older than Mark  Marco maior natu sum

.conv speak: do you speak Latin (French, Chinese)?  loquerisne Latine (Gallice, Sinice)?

.conv welcome  (interjection of greeting)  salvum te advenire gaudeo (Ter.; Eg. L.D.I. 89), exspectatus (v. exoptatus) venis

.conv where are you from?  cuiás es? unde venis?

.cook chop:  finely chopped  minutim concisus (Pharm. Austr. 5)

.cook marinate  macerare (Pharm. Austr. 3)

.cook stir  agitare (Pharm. Austr. xxv: "acidum sulfuricum saepius agitando sensim sensimque calefiat"; et passim)

.crim arson  incendium dolo malo (v. malitiose) factum (Smith)

.crim arsonist  incendiarius, i m. (Tac.; Suet.; Paul. Sent. 5, 3, 6: "incendiarii, qui consulto incendium inferunt")

.crim burglar, house-breaker  effractarius, i m. (Sen. Ep. 68, 4), effractor, ôris m. (Dig.; Eg. S.L. 27)

.crim corsair, privateer (government authorized pirate or harasser of enemy ships)  cursarius, i+ m. (Ducange; Niermeyer; Latham; Ducrue 258: "accidit enim frequentissime ut illae orae maritimae continuis Africanorum excursionibus infestentur.  Hos inter cursarios etiam praedictae naves fuere")

.crim counterfeiter  nummôrum adulterâtor (Eg. R.A. 88)

.crim cutpurse  crumenisecus, sector zonarius (Eg. D.L. 16)

.crim electric chair  sella electrica* (Eg. S.L. 70)

.crim extort money, blackmail  pecuniam (minis) concutere, pecunias extorquêre (Eg. S.L. 36)

.crim involuntary homicide  homicidium non voluntate factum (Eg. S.L. 38)

.crim kidnap  vb.  abripere (Eg. D.L. 23); abducere (Eg. D.L. 35, Eg. S.L. 61)

.crim kidnapper  raptor, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 37), plagiarius, i m.(Eg. S.L.  52)

.crim kidnapping  abductio, onis, f. (Eg. S.L. 74)

.crim mugger  praedo (v. latro) urbicus (v. urbanus), grassator, ôris m.

.crim turn oneself in (of criminal)  se publicis ministris sistere (Eg. S.L. 61)

.day Friday  dies Veneris, feria sexta (eccl. only) (Ducrue 217)

.day Monday  dies lunae, feria secunda (eccl. only)

.day Saturday  sabbatum, i n. (Sen.; Suet.; Eg. D.L. 57; Eg. L.D.I. 100), dies Saturni ("Saturni sacra dies," Tib. 1, 3, 18; Isid.)   < The use of "sabbatum" for the seventh day of the week is classical and Roman, and not limited to references to Judaism; Suet. Tib. 32: "Diogenes grammaticus, disputare sabbatis solitus"; Sen. Ep. 95, 47: "accendere aliquem lucernas sabbatis prohibeamus, quoniam nec lumine di egent et ne homines quidem delectantur fuligine"; cf. LS: "a name for the seventh day of the week, Saturday."  Sabbatum is preferable to dies sabbati, the latter arising presumably from conflation of sabbatum with the other day-names; sabbatum is itself the name of the day.)

.day Sunday  dies dominica (v. dominicus), dies sôlis

.day Thursday  dies Iovis, feria quinta (eccl. only)

.day Tuesday  dies Martis, feria tertia (eccl. only)

.day Wednesday  dies Mercurii, feria quarta (eccl. only)

.dent dentist  medicus dentarius (Eg. S.L. 32)

.dipl ambassador  orator ordinarius (Busbecq); orator (Eg. D.L. 23: "Hispaniae orator apud Sedem Apostolicam"; Eg. D.L. 36: "Venetiolani apud Rem publicam Italicam orator")

.dipl consul  (head of consulate)  proxenêtês, ae m. (with genitive or adjective of nation or nationals represented), proxenêtês peregrînus (cf. proxenentes mercatorum, 18th cent.), ? consul, is m. (with genitive or adjective of nation or nationals represented) (Ducange; Ducrue 265: "debemus hunc favorem ... Perill. D. Consuli Austriaco, qui nostri misertus hanc licentiam per ... Austriae Legatum ab aula procuravit");  the French consul in Boston  Gallorum apud Bostoniam proxenetes (v. consul)  < publicus procurator (Eg. S.L. 23: "publicus procurator -- consul solet appellari -- Foederatarum Civitatum Americae Septentrionalis").  OED s.v. consul: "Du Cange quotes a charter of King Jayme of Arragon of 1268, giving to the merchants of Barcelona, sojourning in parts beyond seas, power to appoint consuls over themselves. ... c1320 SYMON SIMEONIS Itin. (1778) 21 Communiter quaelibet Christianorum civitas maritima habet fundum in civitate ipsa et consulem."  Maigne: "consul ... consul diplomatique."

.dipl diplomacy  res legatoria, ars legatoria  < civilis prudentia (Eg. S.L. 81), ars diplomatica (Eg. S.L. 81: "civili prudentia sive, ut aiunt, arte 'diplomatica' est factum ut pactum iniretur")

.dipl diplomatic corps  Corpus Legatorum (Eg. D.L. 36)

.dipl diplomatic relations  publicae necessitudinis rationes (Eg. S.L. 70: "Apostolica Sedes et Foederatae Civitates Americae Septentrionalis publicae necessitudinis rationibus inter se coniunguntur"), publicae rationes (Eg. R.A. 125: "pondus Apostolicae Sedes ... ex eo elucet quod ei cum centum fere quinquaginta nationibus publicae rationes intercedunt");  break off diplomatic relations  publicae necessitudinis rationes disrumpere (Eg. S.L. 72)

.dipl embassy  lêgâtio, ônis f., lêgâtiônis sêdes, lêgâtôris sêdes (Eg. R.A. 93), oratoris sedes (Eg. D.L. 35: "furto surreptum erat sedi Venetiolani apud Rem publicam Italicam oratoris"), oratoris aedes (Eg. S.L. 66)

.dipl international  multinationalis, e, internationalis, e* (Eg. S.L. 11)

.dipl international relations  necessitudinis rationes inter populos (Eg. D.L. 29)

.dipl NATO  Consociatio Atlantica (v. Boreatlantica), Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali (Eg. D.L. 58), Institutum a pacto Atlantico Septentrionali (Eg. S.L. 91)

.dipl ratify  (aliquid) ratum habere (Eg. S.L. 68: "pactio vigere incipiet cum a septem civitatibus ... rata habita erit")

.dipl Security Council (UN)  consilium securitati tuendae (Eg. S.L. 62)

.dipl spy  (tectus) speculator;  adj.  speculatorius, a, um (Eg. S.L. 27: "navigium subaquaneum speculatorium"), exploratorius, a, um (Eg. S.L. 85: "aëronavis* exploratoria"),

.dipl spy plane  aëronavis* exploratoria (Eg. S.L. 85), aëróplanum* speculatorium (Eg. S.L. 57)

.dipl spy satellite  satellis artificiosus speculatorius (Eg. S.L. 35)

.dipl spy: intelligence agent, agency  [see also spy]

.dipl ultimatum  extrema condicio (Eg. D.L. 31)  < ultimus dies statutus (Eg. S.L. 39: "antequam ultimus dies statutus -- ultimatum solent vocare -- exiret")

.dipl United Nations  Unitarum Nationum Coetus (Eg. D.L. 60), Unitarum Nationum Consilium (Eg. S.L. 30)

.drink tea  thea, ae* f. (Bartal; Pharm. Austr. 168), tea, ae* f., potio Sinensis (v. Sinica)

.drnk caffeine  coffeïnum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 83, 169)

.drnk coffee  cafêa, ae* f., cafêum, i* n., potio Arabica  < Potio caffearia (Eg. L.D.I. 106) significare debet potionem aliquam quae ad cafeam faciendam vel bibendam adhibetur, non ipsam cafeam.  The spelling cafaeum, frequent in early modern Latin texts, shows that the word was accented on the penultimate (as would be expected from the vernacular languages).

.drnk herb tea, herbal tea  infûsum, i* n. (with appropriate genitive, e.g., mentae infûsum) (Pharm. Austr. 219: "ad parandum infusum, substantia adhibenda concisa sive contusa ... aquae fervidae infundatur")

.drnk mineral water  aqua medicata (Sen. Q.N. 3, 25, 9; Eg. S.L. 46), aqua mineralis (Bonon. Acad. I, 312)

.drnk soft drink, soda  aqua (v. mulsa) spumans (v. spumosa)

.drnk tonic water  aqua chininata*

.drug antibiotic 

.drug antidote  antidotum, i n. (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 43: "antidotum arsenici")

.drug codeine  codeïnum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 82)

.drug drug company, pharmaceutical company  societas pharmaceuticus (Pharm. Austr. viii)

.drug drugstore, pharmacy  pharmacopolium, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. x; Eg. S.L. 26)

.drug pacemaker  instrumentum cordis stimulandi  < instrumentum cordi stimulando (Eg. S.L. 22), instrumentum excitatorium (Eg. S.L. 80)

.drug pain medicine, analgesic  medicamentum mitigatorium (Eg. S.L. 26)

.drug pharmaceutical  pharaceuticus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 16)

.drug pill, tablet, lozenge  (medical)  pastillus, i m. (Pharm. Austr. xvii), pilula, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 26), catapotium, i n.,

.drug prescribe  (of doctor)  praescribere (Pharm. Austr. xiii; Bonon. Acad. I, 312)

.drug prescription  praescriptio medici (Pharm. Austr. xxii: "diversas formas medicaminum ... absque praescriptione medici legimiti expedire non conceditur")

.drug quinine  cortex Peruvianus, chininum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. xvii)

.drug sedative  adj.  sedativus, a, um*  (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 52: "aqua sedativa")

.drug suppository  suppositorium (anale v. vaginale) (Pharm. Austr. 360)

.eat  meal  cibus, i m., comestio, ônis f.;  to have two meals a day rather than one  bis die potius quam semel cibum capere (Cels. 1, 1)

.eat calorie

.eat diet  (diminished or limited consumption of food and drink)  parcior victus (Bonon. Acad. I, 309), tenuior victus;  I'm on a diet  tenuiore victu utor;  (one's habitual consumption food and drink generally)  victus, ûs m., victûs ratio;  change one's diet  cibos variare (Capitol. Macr. 1, 4: "quando cibos variaverit"), victûs rationem mutare (Bonon. Acad. I, 308)  < Diaeta is a general mode of life prescribed by a doctor, including diet, activity, place.

.eat fat: eat foods high in fat  pinguia comedere (Vulg. 2 Esd. 8, 10)

.eat fat: fat-free  pinguedine vacans (v. carens), pinguedine levatus

.eat fat: low-fat  parum pinguis

.eat hot (of spicy food), picante  saporis urentis (gen.) (Pharm. Austr. 24: "liquor ... saporis urentis")

.eat nutrition, nutrition information, nutritionist

.edu advanced  (of acdemic studies, course)  altior, ôris (adj. comp.) (Eg. S.L. 87: "qui studiorum universitati iam nomen dedit ut ad altiores incumberet disciplinas")

.edu well-rounded education, liberal-arts education  disciplina encyclios (Vitr.), encyclopaedia, ae* f. (Hoven citing Budé and others)

.emod baroque  adj.  barôcus, a, um* (Eg. L.D.I. 109: "laudant etiam frontem ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae ad artis barocae rationem affabre factam"; Eg. R.A. 27: "imago Christi de cruce detracti, quam Christophorus Roncalli ... barocâ mobilitate depinxit")

.emod dauphin (hist.: title of eldest son of French king)  delphînus, i m. (Busbecq), delphin, înis m. (Montfaucon, first page of dedication: "Ludovico Burgundiae duci, Galliarum delphini primogenito")

.emod Renaissance  renascentia, ae* f. (C.S. Lewis; Eg. R.A. 29: "lautas aedes ... secundum 'renascentiae' praecepta aedificatas"), Renascentiae aetas ((Eg. R.A. 56), renascentia litterarum (v. artium), renatae litterae, renatae artes (Eg. S.L. 68: "villa ... ad rationem renatarum artium picturis udo inductis est egregie ornata"), litterarum (v. artium) renatarum (v. renascentium) aetas (v. tempus) (cf. Eg. L.D.I. 124: "aetate qua veterum litterae artesque erant renatae");  since the Renaissance  post litteras (v. artes) renatas;  during the Renaissance  litteris (v. artibus) renascentibus  < Renascentia in the sense of "rebirth, regeneration" is found from at least the 15th century (Latham; Hoven).

.fish herring  harengus, i+ m. (Eg. S.L. 34)

.fish sea-shell  concha, ae f.

.fish shark  canis marînus  < pristis (Eg. D.L. 20)

.food baked goods (bread, pastry, cakes, etc.)  panificia, orum n. pl. (Col.; Suet.)

.food cassava, manioc, yuca  manioca, ae* f.

.food corn  (maize, Indian corn)  frumentum Indicum, maizium, i* n., maiza, ae* f. (Eg. S.L. 31);  (on foot)  clavus, i m. (Plin.; Pharm. Austr. 405)

.food cream  flos lactis, spuma lactis  < cramum, cremum, cremor

.food cuisine (manner or style of cooking)  coctûra, ae f., coquîna, ae f.

.food dairy products  lacticinia, orum n. pl. (Apic.; Bonon. Acad. I, 308)

.food delicacy, choice food or dish  cuppêdium, i n.

.food dough  pasta, ae f., massa, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 108: "in quae massa in panis formam redacta ad cocturam solet inferri")

.food French fries  mâla terrestria fricta, patâtae frictae  < tubera solani assa (Eg. S.L. 77)

.food hamburger  isicium Hamburgense (Eg. S.L. 77)

.food mozzarella  caseus mutilus  < (Miraglia)

.food paella (Spanish rice-based dish)  oryza patinâria (v. Hispanica) (cf. Plaut. As. 1, 180: piscis patinarius)

.food pasta, noodles   ? pasta sectilis (v. siccata v. Italica), segmenta trîticea (n. pl.) [see also spaghetti, fettucini, macaroni]  < Trîticum, when used precisely, refers to the durum wheat used today for pasta (André).

.food pasta, noodles: rice noodles  ? segmenta oryzacea* (n. pl.), segmenta ex oryza

.food ricotta  caseus recoctus  < (Miraglia)

.food sandwich  panis fartus (v. repletus)  < Pastillum fartum (Eg. S.L. 77).  Pastillum is found only in two grammarians; it is defined as "in sacris libi genus rotundi," Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.  It may be related etymologically in some way to panis, but does not appear to be simply its deminutive, despite the statement of Festus ("forma panis parvi utique deminutivum est a pane," Paul. ex Fest. p. 222).  "Sandwich" does not in any case call for a diminutive for bread.

.food skim milk  subst.  lac despumatum

.food sugar  adj. saccharatus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. xvii)

.food syrup  syrupus, i* m. (Pharm. Austr. xvii, xiii: "syrupus opiatus")

.food tapioca  puls maniocae*

.food toast  panis tostus (Latham citing 1620 source; Maigne in definition of tosta)

.food toast  subst.  (toasted bread)  panis tostus;  (a drinking to someone's health)  propînatio, ônis f.

.frut banana  banâna, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 40)

.frut coconut  nux indica (Holberg), cocus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 40; Helfer)  < "Nux coci" (LRL) appears to be a calque of vernacular terms (nocce di cocco, Kokosnuss, etc.).  EB: Coconut described by Marco Polo; called "nux indica" from Cosmas, 6th c. Greek, through 15th c., then "cocus" in 16th c. Latin.  Botanical name: "cocos nucifera."  Cosmas Indopleutes, Topographie chrétienne XI, 11, ed. Wanda Wolska-Conus (Paris: Éditions du cerf, 1973; series "Sources chrétiennes"): To de allo twn argelliwn esti twn legomenwn, toutesti twn megalwn karuwn twn indikwn; ensuing discussion describes quite precisely the coconut (for identification of karua indikh as coconut, see p. 334 of Sources chrétiennes edition).  Text of Cosmas in Patrologia Graeca, vol. 88, column 443: "arbor alia argelliorum, ut vocant, hoc est nucum grandium Indicarum, ferax est" (edition and presumably translation of Montfaucon).  Stephanus: "argellion, Juglans Indica major, ap. Cosmam, Topogr. Chr. p. 336."  MLBS: "nux ... (~ Indica, Indie, magna) coconut."

.frut coconut palm  nux indica, (arbor) cocus*

.frut grape juice  sucus uvis recens expressus (Bonon. Acad. I, 311)

.frut grape:  grapes (collectively)  uva, ae f.;  a (single) grape  acinus vinaceus (Cic. Sen. 15, 52)

.frut nut: peanut  arachis, idis (Pharm. Helv. [1907] xiii: "oleum arachidis')

.frut orange  subst.  aurantium, i+ n. (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 47), malum aureum  < malum Sinense (Eg. D.L. 21)

.frut orange juice  sûcus aurantiis* (v. malis aureis) expressus (cf. sucus nuci expressus, Plin. 12, 135; sucus radici expressus, Plin. 27, 136), aurantiorum* sûcus, sucus aurántinus*

.frut pine-nut  nucleus pineus

.furn bench  subsellium, i n.

.furn bookcase, set of shelves for books  pegma librarium

.furn chest of drawers, dresser  armarium loculatum

.furn cot  grabâtus, i m.

.furn sofa, couch  lect(ul)us (diurnus), latisellium, i* n. (for formation, cf. bisellium)  < stibadium, sponda

.furn upholstered  pulvînâtus, a, um, tômentôsus, a, um* (Bartal)

.furn upholstery  tômentum sellae (v. lecto v. latisellio*) insûtum, pulvîni sellae (v. lecto v. latisellio*) insûti (m. pl.)

.geo cape  (headland jutting into sea)  prômunturium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 13)

.geo equator  aequator, ôris m. (Gauss VI, 41), circulus aequinoctialis (Varr.; Eg. D.L. 12; Eg. S.L. 40)

.geo northern lights, aurora borealis  aurôra boreâlis (Bonon. Acad. I, 287), lux borealis (Eg. D.L. 18)

.geo plateau  campus in montis dorsu porrectus (Liv.), planities inter montes sita (cf. Sall. C. 59, 2 ; id. J. 48 fin.), planities (ex)celsa (v. alta) (Humboldt), oropedium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 50; Eg. S.L. 40)

.geo steppes  (vasti v. patentes) campi Russici (v. Scythici v. meridianae Russiae)  < tesca, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 81).  The rare term tesca refers to a wasteland; it may be wooded.  Campus, not tesca, connotes flatness and openness, defining characteristics of the steppes and the tundra.

.geo tundra  (vasti) campi arctici (v. hyperborei v. borealis Russiae)  (Hor. C. 2, 20, 16: "visam ... hyperboreos campos")  < tesca, ae f. (LRL)

.ggr Acapulco  Acapulcum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 102);  adj.  Acapulquensis (Ducrue 241)

.ggr Afghanistan  Afganistania, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 52);  Afghan  Afghanistanianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 29)

.ggr Alaska  Alsaca, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 22);  adj.  Alascanus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 28)

.ggr Algeria  Algeria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 51);  adj.  Algeriensis, e (Eg. S.L. 51)

.ggr Algiers  Algerium, i n. (Ducrue 258)

.ggr Alsace (French province)  Alsatia, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 84);  subst.  Alsâtus, i m.;  adj.  Alsaticus, a, um (all in WC)

.ggr Amazon region  Amazonia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr Amazon River  flumen Amazonum (Humboldt), amnis Amazonius (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr America (North and South), New World, western hemisphere  utraque America (Ducrue 217), Indiae (Occidentales) (Ducrue 259: "quotquot naves ex Indiis redeunt," referring probably to both Americas and Asia), Orbis Novus

.ggr Amsterdam  Amstelodamum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 25)

.ggr Anchorage  Ancoraria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 56)

.ggr Andes  Andes, ium f. pl. (Humboldt)  < Andae, arum f. pl. (Eg. D.L. 55; cf. Italian "le Ande")

.ggr Ankara  Ancyra, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 58; Eg. R.A. 144)

.ggr Antarctic  adj.  antarcticus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 25)

.ggr Antarctica  terra antarctica (Eg. D.L. 25)

.ggr Arab  subst.  Arabs, bis m. (acc. pl. Arabas), Saracênus, i m. ((Eg. R.A. 137; "copiae pontificiae in proelio navali anno 849 apud Ostiam commisso victoriam e Saracenis reportant")

.ggr Arabic  adj.  Arabi(c)us, a, um

.ggr arctic  arcticus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 7)

.ggr Argentina  Argentîna, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 8);  adj.  Argentînus, a, um. (Eg. S.L. 7)

.ggr Atlantic Ocean  Oceanus Atlanticus (Eg. S.L. 34)

.ggr Australia  Australia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 35);  adj.  Australianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 9)

.ggr Austria  Austria, ae f. (Ducrue 265; Eg. S.L. 26);  subst.  Austriacus, i (Ducrue 265);  adj.  Austriacus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 57)

.ggr Avignon  Avenio, ônis m.  < Avennio (Eg. R.A. 27)

.ggr Baghdad  Babylon, ônis f. (Byz. Gr.), Bagdâtum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 46)

.ggr Bahamas  < Insulae Bahamenses (Eg. D.L. 21)

.ggr Bahrein  Baharina, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 46)

.ggr Balkan peninsula  Balcania, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 65)

.ggr Baltic Sea  mare Balticum (Eg. S.L. 30), mare Suebicum (Tacitus, S.L. 30)

.ggr Bangladesh  adj.  Bangladesanus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 41)

.ggr Basque  subst.  Vasco, onis m.;  adj.  Vasconicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 29; Eg. S.L. 45)

.ggr Basque country  Vasconia, ae f.

.ggr Bavaria  Bavaria, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 42; Eg. S.L. 53);  Bavarian  Bavaricus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 49)

.ggr Beijing, Peking  Pekinum, i n.

.ggr Beirut  Bêrytus, i f. (Eg. S.L. 13);  adj.  Bêrytius, a, um, Bêrytensis, e)

.ggr Belarus, B(y)elorussia  Russia Alba (Eg. D.L. 50)

.ggr Belgium  Belgium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 78)

.ggr Belize  Belîza, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Benin (African nation)  Beninum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 39)

.ggr Bergen (city in Norway)  Bergae, arum f. pl. (Holberg), Berga, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 19)

.ggr Bering Strait  Fretum Beringanum (Eg. S.L. 86)

.ggr Berlin  Berolinum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 34)

.ggr Black Sea  Pontum Euxinum (Eg. S.L. 18)

.ggr Bogota  Bogota, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 51)

.ggr Bolivia  Bolivia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr Bologna  Bononia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 85)

.ggr Bosnia  Bosnia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 65)

.ggr Brasilia  Brasiliopolis, is f.

.ggr Brazil  Brasilia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34);  adj.  Brasilicus, a, um, Brasiliensis, e (Eg. S.L. 15)

.ggr Britain  Brittania, ae f.;  British  Britannus, i m.;  adj.  Britannicus, a, um

.ggr British Channel  Fretum Brittanicum (Eg. S.L. 53)

.ggr Brittany  Britannia Minor, Aremorica, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 45)

.ggr Brooklyn  Bruclînum, i n.;  adj.  Bruclinensis, e (Eg. S.L. 50)

.ggr Bruges (city in Belgium)  Brugae, arum f. pl. (WC)

.ggr Bucharest  adj.  Bucarestiensis, e (Eg. R.A. 100)

.ggr Buenos Aires  Bonae Aurae f. pl., Urbs Boni Aëris (Dobr.), Bonus Aêr (Dobr.), ? Bonaëropolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 11)  < Bonis Auris is the place indication used in Latin books published in Buenos Aires (since the mid-19th century) (WC).

.ggr Buffalo  Buffalum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 21)

.ggr Bulgaria  Bulgaria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 59);  subst.  Bulgarus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 13)

.ggr Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta)  Burkina, ae f.  < Official name is Republic of Burkina; Faso apparently means "land."  Volta Superior (Eg. S.L. 30)

.ggr Cairo  Cairum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 104)

.ggr Calgary  Calgaria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 67)

.ggr California  California, ae f. (Ducrue 220; Eg. D.L. 41)

.ggr Californian  subst.  Californius, i m. (Ducrue 222 et passim, of native inhabitants);  adj.  Californicus, a, um (Ducrue 228), Californiânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 77)

.ggr Cambodia  Cambosia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 55);  adj.  Cambosianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 55)

.ggr Cambridge  Cantabrigia, ae f.;  adj.  Cantabrigiensis, e (Eg. D.L. 30)

.ggr Cameroun  Cammarunia, ae f.;  adj.  Cammarunianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 14)

.ggr Canada  Canada, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 35)

.ggr Canary Islands  Insulae Fortunatae (Plin. N.H.), Insulae Canariae (Arn.)

.ggr Canterbury  Cantuaria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10);  adj.  Cantuarensis, e (Eg. S.L. 10)

.ggr Cape Canaveral  Prômunturium Canaveralense (Eg. S.L. 13, 51)

.ggr Caracas  Caracae, arum f. pl. (Eg. S.L. 33);  adj.  Caracensis, e (Eg. S.L. 33)

.ggr Caribbean  adj.  Antillensis, e, Caribicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 60)

.ggr Caribbean islands, Antilles  Antillae, arum f. pl. (Eg. D.L. 40; Eg. S.L. 58)

.ggr Caribbean Sea  Mare Antillense, Mare Caribicum (Eg. D.L. 40; Eg. S.L. 58)

.ggr Caspian Sea  Mare Caspium (Eg. S.L. 18)

.ggr Central America  America Media (Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Ceylon, Sri Lanka  Ceilanum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 11), Srilanca, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 25), Tabrobanê, ês f. (Eg. S.L. 25); adj. Ceilanianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 11), Srilancanus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 25)

.ggr Chad  Tzadia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 56)

.ggr Charleston  Carolopolis, is f.

.ggr Charlotte (city in North Carolina)  Carolinopolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 106)  < Fortasse "Carlotta" vel simile aptius, propter "Carolopolis" nomen simile.

.ggr Chicago  Sicâgum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 55);  adj.  Sicagensis, e (Eg. S.L. 54)

.ggr Chile  Chilia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 81);  adj.  Chiliensis, e (Eg. D.L. 13), ?  Chiloensis, e (Ducrue 263: "in Provincia Chiloensi sive Insulis Chiloensibus")

.ggr China  Sinae, arum f. pl., China, ae f., Sêres, um m. pl.

.ggr Chinese  adj.  Sinicus, a, um, Sinensis, e (Eg. D.L. 56)

.ggr Colorada River  Fluvius Ruber (Ducrue 233)

.ggr Colorado  Rubrifluvium, i n. (cf. Flumen Rubrum of Colorado River, Ducrue), Coloratum (Eg., Nom. Loc.);  adj.  Rubrifluvânus, a, um, Coloratensis, e (Eg. D.L. 49)  < For the formation of Rubrifluvium, cf. quadrifluvium.

.ggr Columbia  (country in South America)  Columbia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr Columbus  (city)  Columbopolis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 11)

.ggr Congo  adj. Congensis, e (Eg. D.L. 23) )

.ggr Copenhagen  Hafnia, ae f., Havnia, ae f., Hauniae, ae f.

.ggr Costa Rica  Ora Dives (Eg. D.L. 44);  adj.  Orodivitensis, e (Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Croatia  Croâtia, ae f.;  subst.  Croâta, ae m. (Eg. R.A. 61);  adj.  Croâticus, a, um

.ggr Cuba  Cuba, ae f.;  adj.  Cubânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 60)

.ggr Cyprus  Cyprus, i

.ggr Czech, Bohemian  Bohêmus, i m. (Ducrue 222);  adj.  Bohemicus, a, um (Ducrue 263)  < Tzechus (Eg. D.L. 38), Cechus (Eg. D.L. 38)

.ggr Dacca  Dacca, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 7)

.ggr Dane  Danus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 39)

.ggr Denmark  Dania, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 73);  subst.  Danus, i m.;  adj. Danicus, a, um

.ggr Dijon  Divio, onis (Eg. S.L. 20);  adj.  Divionensis, e (Eg. S.L. 20)

.ggr Dominican Republic  Res publica Dominicâna (Eg. D.L. 43), terra Dominicâna (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Dresden  Dresdae, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 34)

.ggr Dutch  adj.  Batavicus, a, um, Hollandicus, a, um (Ducrue 265), Nederlandicus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 24)

.ggr Ecuador  Aequatoria, ae (Eg. S.L. 40)

.ggr Edinburg  Edinburgum, i n.;  adj.  Edinburgensis, e  < Edimburgensis (Eg. S.L. 10), Edimburgum (Eg. S.L. 11)

.ggr Egypt  Aegyptus, i f.

.ggr El Salvador  Salvatoria, ae f., Civitas Salvatoriana (Eg. S.L. 43, Res publica Salvatoriana (Eg. D.L. 44)

.ggr England  Anglia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10)

.ggr Eskimo  Escimaeus, i n.;  adj.  Escimaicus, a, um

.ggr Ethiopia  Aethiopia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 87);  adj.  Aethiopicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 87)

.ggr Flanders  Flandria, ae f.

.ggr Fleming  Flander, ri m.

.ggr Flemish  Flandricus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 92)

.ggr Florence  Florentia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 85)

.ggr Florida   Florida, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 21)

.ggr France  Francia, ae f., Francogallia, ae* f., Gallia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 78)

.ggr Geneva  Genâva, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 33);  adj.  Genâvensis, e

.ggr German  subst.  Germanus, i m., Theotiscus, i m.;  adj.  Germanicus, a, um (Leibniz; Schegel; Eg. S.L. 15), Theotiscus, a, um (Schlegel);  in German  Germânicê (Eg. R.A. 145), Theotiscê  < Germanus and Germanicus are the usual words for "German."  The ML word Theotiscus appears since the Renaissance to have been used chiefly with respect to medieval Germany and in particular Old High German.  The spelling Theodiscus (Helfer; Albert) seems to be much rarer than Theotiscus (see WC).

.ggr Germanic  Teutonicus, a, um

.ggr Germany  Germania, ae f.

.ggr Ghana  Gana, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 40);  adj.  Ganensis, e (Eg. S.L. 39)

.ggr Ghent (city in Belgium)  Gandavum, i n. (WC)

.ggr Glasgow  Glasgua, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 11)

.ggr Granada (Caribbean island)  Granata, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 60)

.ggr Great Britain  Britannia, ae f., Magna Britannia (Eg. S.L. 78)

.ggr Great Plains  patentes campi (civitatum mediarum)

.ggr Greenland  Groenlandia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 22), Terra Viridis (Eg. D.L. 22)

.ggr Guadalajara  Guadalaxara, ae f. (Ducrue 245);  adj.  Guadalaxariensis, e (Ducrue 244)

.ggr Guatemala  Guatimalia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 44; Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Guiana  Guiâna, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34);  adj.  Guianensis, e (Eg. D.L. 41)

.ggr Haiti  Haitia, ae f.;  adj.  Haitiânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Havana  Havana, ae f. (Ducrue 249 et passim);  adj.  Havanensis, e (Ducrue 254)  < Habanensis, e (Eg. S.L. 60)

.ggr Himalayas  Imaus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 37), Imaus mons (Eg. D.L. 56), iugum Imai (Eg. S.L. 83)

.ggr Holland, Netherlands  Batavia, ae f., Hollandia, ae f., Nederlandia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 25)

.ggr Honduras  Honduria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 43);  adj.  Hondurianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 14)

.ggr Hong Kong  Honcongum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 10);  adj.  Honcongensis, i (Eg. S.L. 84)

.ggr Hungary  Hungaria, ae f., Pannonia, ae f. (Melanchthon);  subst.  Hungarus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 105);  adj.  Hungaricus, a, um

.ggr Iceland  Islandia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 19)

.ggr India  India, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 41), Indostania, ae f., Res Publica Indica, Civitates Foederatae Indiae (Eg. D.L. 32)

.ggr Indian Ocean  Oceanus Indicus (Eg. D.L. 48)

.ggr Indonesia  Indonêsia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 10)

.ggr Innsbruck  Aenipons, ontis m. (Eg. D.L. 12)

.ggr Iran  Irania, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 39), Persia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 39)

.ggr Iranian  subst.  Persa, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 7, 59);  adj.  Persicus, a, um

.ggr Iraq  Irâchum, i n., Iracia, ae f.  < Iraquia (Eg. D.L. 46), Iraquianus (Eg. D.L. 59)

.ggr Ireland  Hibernia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 31)

.ggr Irish  subst.  Hibernus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 89)

.ggr Islamabad  Islamabada, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 29)

.ggr Israel  Civitas Israêliâna (Eg. D.L. 32), Israêl, is m. (Eg. D.L. 35);  Israeli  Israëlianus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 46), Israëlianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 46)

.ggr Italian: in Italian  Italicê, Tuscê

.ggr Jakarta  Iacartum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 10)

.ggr Japan  Iaponia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 35)

.ggr Japanese  subst.  Iapo, ônis m.;   adj.  Iaponicus, a, um, Iaponensis, e

.ggr Java  Iava, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 168)

.ggr Jerez  (city in Mexico)  urbs Xeresana (Ducrue 245)

.ggr Jerusalem  Hierosolyma, orum n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 32), Ierûusalem n. indecl. (Eg. D.L. 47);  adj.  Hierosolymitânus, a, um

.ggr Jordan  Transiordania, ae f., Iordania, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 24)

.ggr Kabul  Cabura, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 29)

.ggr Kashmir  Casmiria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 83)

.ggr Kentucky  Kentukia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 80)

.ggr Kenya  Kenia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 78);  adj.  Kenianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 21)

.ggr Korea  Corêa, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 56;  adj.  Coreânus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 13)

.ggr Kuwait  Cuvaitum, i n.;  adj.  Cuvaitensis, e (Eg. S.L. 14)

.ggr Labrador  Terra Laboratoria (Eg. S.L. 20)

.ggr Lagos (capital of Nigeria)  Lacupolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 75)

.ggr Laredo  (city)  Lauretum, i n. (Ducrue 223);  adj.  Lauretanus, a, um (Ducrue 231)

.ggr Las Vegas  Vegae, arum f. pl.  < Campi (Eg., LNG)

.ggr Latin America  America Latina (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Lebanon  Phoenicia, ae f., Libania, ae f.  < Libanus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 12);  adj.  Libanensis, e (Eg. S.L. 13)  < Libanus Latine nomen est montis; potestne et nationis esse nomen?

.ggr Libya  Libya, ae f.;  adj.  Libycus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 41)

.ggr Lima  Lima, ae f.

.ggr Lisbon  Olisîpo, ônis m. (Eg. S.L. 8), Ulyssipo, ônis m. (Ducrue 221);  adj.  Olisîpônensis, e (Eg. S.L. 10)

.ggr Lithuania  Lituania, ae f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 294)

.ggr Liverpool  adj. Liverpulensis, e (Eg. S.L. 11)

.ggr Lombard  Langobardus, i m. (Tac.)

.ggr Lombardy  Langobardia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 47)

.ggr London  Londin(i)um, i n.;  adj.  Londinensis, e, Londiniensis, e (Eg. S.L. 10  < Londinum and Londinensis are much more common than Londinium and Londiniensis in printed books (WC)

.ggr Long Island  Longa Insula (Eg. S.L. 50)

.ggr Los Angelos  Angelopolis, is f.; Urbs Angelorum (from WC: Constitutiones latae et promulgatae ab Illmo. ac Revmo. D.D. Francisco Mora, episcopo Montereyensi et Angelorum, in synodo quarta diocesana, habita in Ecclesia Sti. Vincentii a Paulo, in civitate Angelorum diebus 30 et 31 mensis Julii, A.D. 1889, Los Angeles, 1889)

.ggr Louisiana  Ludoviciana, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 53)

.ggr Louisville  Ludovicopolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 80)

.ggr Madrid  Matritum, i n., Madritum, i n. (Ducrue 265)  < Matritum is much more common than Madritum in published books (WC).

.ggr Maine  Cenomannica, ae (Eg. S.L. 20)

.ggr Malaysia  Malaesia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 43);  adj. Malaesianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Malta  Melita, ae f.;  adj.  Melitensis, e

.ggr Manchester  Mancestria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 11), Mancunium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 11)

.ggr Manhattan  adj.  Manhattensis, e (Eg. S.L. 48)

.ggr Manila  Manîla, ae (Eg. D.L. 8), adj. Manilensis, e (Eg. D.L. 7)

.ggr Mauritania  Mauritania Ulterior

.ggr Mecca  Mecca, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 19)

.ggr Mediterranean (adj.):  Mediterranean peoples  populi Mare Internum accolentes (Eg. R.A. 92);  Mediterranean diet  victus gentium Mare Internum accolentium proprius, victus regionum Mare Internum attingentium proprius

.ggr Mediterranean Sea  mare internum (Eg. S.L. 105; Eg. R.A. 93)

.ggr Mexican  adj.  Mexicânus, a, um (Ducrue 230; Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Mexico  Mexicum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. 185; Eg. D.L. 43); 

.ggr Mexico City  Mexicum, i n. (Ducrue 245), Mexicopolis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Miami  Miamia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 21)

.ggr Midwest  (U.S. region)  civitates (occidentales) mediae

.ggr Minnesota  Minnesôta, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 19)

.ggr Monaco  Arx Monoeci;  adj.  Monoecensis, e (Eg. S.L. 22, 54)  < Monoecus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 40)

.ggr Montenegro  Mons Niger, Nigrimontium, i n.;  adj.  Nigrimontânus, a, um 

.ggr Monterrey  Regimontium, i n., Mons Regalis (Eg. D.L. 44)

.ggr Montreal  Marianopolis, is f., Regimontium, i n., Mons Regalis (Eg. S.L. 98)

.ggr Moroccan  subst.  Maurus, i m. (Ducrue 258: "hae [cymbae piscatoriae] enim dum piscando panem suum quaerunt, saepissime in Maurorum reti incidunt, quas vel Tripolim vel Algerium abducunt, et in servitutem redigunt")  < Fortasse potius "North African, maghrébin"

.ggr Morocco  ? Mauritania (Citerior), Marochium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 42)

.ggr Moscow  Moscua, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 25)

.ggr Mount Everest  Everestius mons (Eg. D.L. 37, 53)

.ggr Mozambique  Mozambîcum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 24; Eg. S.L. 70)

.ggr Munich  Monachium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 42)

.ggr Myanmar, Burma  Birmania, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 58)

.ggr Nairobi  Nairobia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 21)

.ggr Near East, Middle East, Mid-East  Oriens Medius (Eg. D.L. 32), Oriens Propinquus (Eg. S.L. 12, 37)

.ggr Nepal  Nepalia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 41);  adj.  Nepaliensis, e (Eg. D.L. 56)

.ggr Nevada  Mons Nivôsus, Nivimontium, i n.;  adj.  Nivimontânus, a, um  < Nivata (Eg. N.L.).  For the formation, cf. the ancient place names Caelimontium (Caelimontanus), Trimontium, and Septimontium, and the later Regi(o)montium for Königsberg.

.ggr New Guinea  Nova Guinea (Eg. D.L. 10)

.ggr New York  Novum Eborâcum n. (Eg. S.L. 19);  adj.  Novus Eboracensis, Novoëboracensis (Eg. D.L. 28)

.ggr New Zealand  Nova Zelandia;  adj.  Novozelandicus, a, um, Neozelandiensis, e (Eg. S.L. 14), Novozelandensis, e (Eg. D.L. 37)

.ggr Niagara falls  cataracta Niagarae, cadentes aquae Niagarenses (Eg. S.L. 101)

.ggr Nicaragua  Nicaragua, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 44; Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr Nigeria  Nigeria, ae f.;  adj.  Nigeriânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 74)

.ggr Norman  subst.  Normannus, i m.;  adj.  Normannicus, a, um

.ggr Normandy  Normandia, ae f.

.ggr North Pole  polus septentrionalis (Eg. S.L. 44), axis septentrionalis (Eg. S.L. 44)

.ggr Northern Ireland, Ulster  Hultonia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 30)

.ggr Norway  Norvegia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 19);  subst.  Norvegus, i m.;  adj.  Norvegicus, a, um  < Norvegiensis (Eg. S.L. 19 )

.ggr Notre Dame  (in name of church, university)  Beata Virgo (e.g., aedes Beatae Virginis, Bonon. Acad. I, 69)

.ggr Nova Scotia  Nova Scotia (Eg. S.L. 20)

.ggr Oceania  Oceania, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 14)

.ggr Oregon  Oregonia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 106)

.ggr Pacific Ocean  Mare Pacificum (Ducrue 221)

.ggr Pakistan  Pakistania, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 7)

.ggr Pakistani  subst.  Pakistanianus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 54);  adj.  Pakistanianus, a, um

.ggr Palestinian  subst. Palaestinensis, is m. (Eg. D.L. 30)

.ggr Palm Beach  Ora Palmaria (Eg. D.L. 33)

.ggr Panama  Panama, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 43);  adj.  Panamensis, e (Eg. S.L. 18)

.ggr Papal States  civitas pontificia (Eg. R.A. 65: "cum alma Urbs adhuc esset caput Civitatis Pontificiae")

.ggr Paraguay  Paraquaria, ae f.;  adj.  Paraquariensis, e (Ducrue 221)

.ggr Paris  Parisii, orum m. pl., Lutetia, ae f., Lutetia Parisiorum (Eg. S.L. 20)  < Parisii appears much more common than Lutetia (WC publication places).

.ggr Persian Gulf  Persicus Sinus (Eg. D.L. 30; Plin. 12, 37, also calling it mare rubrum)

.ggr Peru  Peruvia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr Peruvian  adj.  Peruvianus, a, um (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 60; Eg. S.L. 14)

.ggr Philadelphia  Philadelphîa, ae f.;  adj.  Philadelphênus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 34)

.ggr Philippines  Insulae Philippinae (Eg. D.L. 8), terra Philippina (Eg. D.L. 7);  adj.  Philippînus, a, um (Ducrue 264, Philippina navis)

.ggr Piedmont  (region in Italy, southeast US)  Pedemontium;  adj. Pedemontânus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 47)

.ggr Pittsburg  Pittisburgum, i n.;  adj.  Pittisburgensis, e (Eg. S.L. 88)

.ggr Poland  Polonia, ae f.

.ggr Pole  subst.  Polonus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 57)

.ggr Polish  adj.  Polonicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 15)

.ggr Portugal  Lusitania, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 59), Portugallia, ae f. (Ducrue 258, 266)  < Lusitania is somewhat more common than Portugallia in printed books (WC).

.ggr Portuguese  subst.  Lusitanus (Ducrue 220);  adj.  Lusitanus, a, um (Ducrue 258: "duae cymbae Lusitanae"; Eg. S.L. 9), Portugallicus, a, um

.ggr Prague  Praga, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 100)

.ggr Princeton  Princetonia, ae f., Principitonia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 76)

.ggr Punjab  Puniabia, ae f.  < Regio Quinquefluminense (Eg. S.L. 82)

.ggr Qatar  Quataria, ae f.;  adj.  Quatarianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 46)

.ggr Quito  Quitum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 40)

.ggr Rangoon, Yangon  Ranguna, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 58)

.ggr Red Sea  Mare Rubrum (Eg. D.L. 19)

.ggr Rio de Janeiro  Flumen Ianuarium

.ggr Russia  Russia, ae f.;  subst.  Russus, i (Eg. D.L. 38);  adj.  Russicus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 28)

.ggr Sahara desert  plaga arida Saheliana (Eg. S.L. 30), deserta loca Sahariana (Eg. S.L. 51)

.ggr Salt Lake City  Urbs Lacûs Salsi (Eg. S.L. 32)

.ggr Samoa  Insulae Samoanae (Eg. D.L. 8)

.ggr San Diego  Didacoplis, is f.;  adj.  Didacopolitânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 79)

.ggr San Francisco  Franciscopolis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 41)

.ggr San Francisco  Sanctus Franciscus, Urbs Sancti Francisci, Franciscopolis, is f.

.ggr San José  Iosephopolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 43)

.ggr San Sebastian  Sebastianopolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 34)

.ggr Santo Domingo (capital of Dominican Republic)  Dominicopolis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Sao Paulo  Sanctus Paulus, Paulopolis, is f.

.ggr Sarajevo  Seraium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 65)

.ggr Saudi Arabia  Arabia Saudiana (Eg. S.L. 63);  adj. Arabicus Saudianus (Eg. D.L. 19)

.ggr Savoy  Sabaudia, ae (Eg. S.L. 21, 54);  subst.  Sabaudus, i;  adj.  Sabaudicus, a, um (WC)  < Sapaudus (Eg. R.A. 73

.ggr Scandinavia  Scandinavia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 19)

.ggr Scotch, Scottish  adj.  Calêdoni(c)us, a, um, Scoticus, a, um)

.ggr Scotland  Caledonia, ae f., Scotia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10);  Scot(sman)  Caledo, onis m., Scotus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 7)

.ggr Senegal  Senegalia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 61;  adj.  Senegaliensis, e (Eg. S.L. 61)

.ggr Seoul  Seulum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 56)

.ggr Shanghai  Siamhaevum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 37)

.ggr Siberia  Sibiria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 18, 49);  adj.  Sibirianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 17, 49)

.ggr Sistine Chapel  sacra aedes Xystîna (Eg. R.A. 134), ades Xystîna (Eg. R.A. 135)

.ggr Slovenia  Slovenia, ae f.;  adj.  Slovenicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 66)

.ggr Somalia  Somalia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 31)

.ggr South Africa  Africa Australis (Eg. D.L. 48; Eg. S.L. 70)

.ggr South America  America Australis, America Meridiana (Eg. S.L. 15)

.ggr St. Louis (city)  Ludovicopolis, is f. (Eg. S.L. 53)

.ggr St. Peter's basilica  (in Rome)  basilica Petriana (Eg. R.A. 126), basilica Sancti Petri (Eg. R.A. 126)

.ggr St. Peter's square or piazza  (in Rome)  area Petriana (Eg. R.A. 125), area Sancti Petri

.ggr St. Petersburg, Leningrad  Petropolis, is f.;  adj.  Petropolitanus, a, um (Gauss VI, 40)

.ggr Stockholm  Holmia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 29), Stockholmia, ae f.  < Holmia is much more common than Stockholmia in printed books (WC).

.ggr straits of Gibraltar  fretum Gaditanum

.ggr Strasbourg (city in France)  Argentorâtus, i f. (Eg. D.L. 22; Eg. R.A. 84), Argentîna, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 84: "Argentina est nomen inferiore aetate inditum urbi Argentorato, quae est Alsatiae caput")  < The name Argentoratus is much more common than Argentina in printed books (WC).

.ggr Sudan  Sudania, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 46);  adj.  Sudaniensis, e (Eg. S.L. 50)

.ggr Suez Canal  Euripus Suesiensis (Eg. S.L. 78)

.ggr Sumatra  Sumatra, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 49)

.ggr Surinam  Surinamia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34)

.ggr Swede  subst.  Suecus, i m., Suetus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 22)

.ggr Sweden  Suecia, ae f., Suetia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 18)  < Suecus, Suecia is the ordinary spelling; Suetus, Suetia are rare (see WC titles).

.ggr Swedish  adj.  Suecicus, a, um, Sueticus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 27 )

.ggr Switzerland  Helvetia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 50)

.ggr Sydney  Sydneium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 9)

.ggr Syria  Syria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 24);  adj.  Syriacus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 105)

.ggr Teheran  Teherânum, i (Eg. D.L. 53)

.ggr Tel Aviv  Ioppê, ês f., urbs Tel Aviv  < Vernicollis (Eg. D.L. 32)

.ggr Texas  Texia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 69)

.ggr Thailand  Siamia, ae f., Thailandia, ae f.

.ggr Tibet  Tibetum, i n.;  adj.  Tibetânus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 56)

.ggr Togo (African nation)  Togum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 39)

.ggr Tripoli  Oea, ae (Eg. S.L. 41), Tripolis, is f. (Ducrue 258)

.ggr Tunis  Tûnês, êtis m. (Eg. S.L. 51)

.ggr Tunisia  Tûnêsia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 51);  adj.  Tunêsiensis, e (Eg. S.L. 51)

.ggr Turin  Augusta Taurinorum (Eg. D.L. 36; Eg. S.L. 59);  adj.  Taurinensis, e (Eg. S.L. 59)

.ggr Turk  Turca, ae m. (Eg. S.L. 57), Turcus, i m.)

.ggr Turkey  Turcia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 58)

.ggr Turkish  Turcicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 52)

.ggr Tuscany  Etruria, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 134);  subst.  Tuscus, i m. (Eg. R.A. 73, 129), Etruscus, i;  adj.  Tuscus, a, um, Etruscus, a, um

.ggr Tuscon  Tusconia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 78)

.ggr Ukraine  Ucraina, ae f.;  adj.  Ucrainus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 79)

.ggr United Arab Emirates  Foederatae Phylarchiae Arabicae (Eg. S.L. 46)

.ggr United States of America  Foederatae Civitates Americae, America Foederata (19th- and 20th-century ecclesiastical documents)  < Foederatae Americae Septentrionalis Civitates (Eg. D.L. 8-9)

.ggr Venezuela  Venetiola, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 33);  adj.  Venetiolânus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 33)

.ggr Venice  Venetiae, arum f. pl. (Eg. R.A. 81);  subst.  Venetus, i m.;  adj.  Venetus, a, um

.ggr Veracruz  Civitas a Vera Cruce dicta (Ducrue 247), Veracrux (Ducrue 247), Portus Verae Crucis (Ducrue 256, of Cuban city)

.ggr Vermont  Mons Viridis, Viridimontium, i n.:  adj.  Viridimontânus, a, um

.ggr Vienna  Vienna, ae f. (Busbecq; Eg. S.L. 58, quoting Latin inscription of 16th-century coin), Vindobona, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 57)  < Vienna is slightly more common than Vindobona in printed books (WC).

.ggr Vietnam  Vietnamia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 42);  adj.  Vietnamiensis, e (Eg. D.L. 43)

.ggr Wales  Vallia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10), Cambria, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10)

.ggr Warsaw  Varsavia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 34);  adj.  Varsaviensis, e (Eg. S.L. 82)

.ggr West Bank (part of Palestine)  Cisiordania, ae f.

.ggr White House  Aedes Albae f. pl. (Eg. D.L. 46)

.ggr Yemen  Iemen n. indecl. (Eg. S.L. 24)

.ggr Yugoslavia  Iugoslavia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 65)

.ggr Zimbabwe  Zimbabua, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 48;  adj.  Zimbabuanus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 48)

.ggr Zurich  Turicum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 93)

.gram ablative of accompaniment  ablativus sociativus* (v. comitativus*) (Eg. L.D.I. 92);  ablative of means  ablativus instrumentalis (Eg. L.D.I. 92);  ablative of quality  ablativus qualitatis (Eg. L.D.I. 92);  ablative of separation  ablativus separationis (cf. Eg. L.D.I. 92: "ablativus ... qui vere proprieque dicitur (casus separativus)");  ablative of time  ablativus temporis (Eg. L.D.I. 92)

.gram active voice  (grammatical)  faciendi modus (Quint. 9, 3, 7)

.gram clause  enuntiatum, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 79 et passim), membrum, i n.

.gram conditional sentence  (grammatical)  enuntiatum condicionale (Eg. L.D.I. 79);  contrary-to-fact conditional sentence  enuntiatum condicionale irreale* (Eg. L.D.I. 91: "enuntiatum condicionale potest esse: indefinitum (alii dicunt reale) ... irreale (condicio proponitur ut non realis)") ("irrealis" is in Bartal)

.gram diminutive  vox deminutiva (Eg. R.A. 87), (nomen) deminutivum

.gram end in  (of grammatical terminations)  exire, desinere

.gram future perfect  (verb tense)  futurum exactum (Eg. L.D.I. 63)

.gram genitive of quality  genetivus qualitatis (Eg. L.D.I. 92)

.gram indirect object  (grammatical)  complêmentum indirectum (Eg. L.D.I. 10)

.gram irregular  (grammatical)  anômalus, a, um (Eg. L.D.I. 81: "verba temporalia anomala, quae videlicet sunt abnormia")

.gram locative  (grammatical case)  casus localis (cf. adverbia localia, Charis. p. 182 P)  < "Locativus" (Eg. L.D.I. 92) should mean "involving the act of placing or leasing."

.gram object  (grammatical)  obiectum, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 10), complêmentum directum (Eg. L.D.I. 10)

.gram parts of speech  orationis partes (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

.gram passive voice  (grammatical)  patiendi modus (Quint. 1, 6, 26; 9, 3, 7)

.gram perfect subjunctive  (verb tense)  (tempus) perfectum (modi) coniunctivi (Eg. L.D.I. 66)

.gram purpose clause  enuntiatum finale (Eg. L.D.I. 76)

.gram result clause  (grammatical)  enuntiatum consecutivum (Eg. L.D.I. 79)

.gram sequence of tenses  (grammatical)  consecutio temporum (Eg. L.D.I. 85)

.gram subject  (topic)  argumentum, i n.;  (grammatical)  subiectum, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 10)

.gram subordinate clause  enuntiatum secundarium (Eg. L.D.I. 76)

.gram syntax  structûra verbôrum (Cic. Brut. 8, 33; Eg. L.D.I. 120), syntaxis, is f. (Prisc. 17, 1, 1; Eg. L.D.I. 120)

.gram voice  (grammatical)  modus, i m. (Quint.; Eg. L.D.I. 53: "modus passivus temporis praesentis")

.grmt apron (of cook, workman, etc.)  gremiâle, is+ n. (Latham; Cole), limus, i m. (Verg.; Isid.), limas, âtis+ m. (Ducange; Latham; Promptorium Parvulorum)  < Succinctorium et praecinctorium, iis quidem locis quos vidi, spectant ad tegumina genitalium, quibus usi sunt cumprimis protoplastae (agitur nimirum de scriptis ecclesiasticis), porro inculti barbari, athletae; vide locos s.v. athletic supporter allatos.  ||  Limus, limas.  Serv. ad Verg. l, 1: "limus autem est vestis, qua ab umbilico usque ad pedes teguntur pudenda poparum. Haec autem vestis in extremo sui purpuram limam, i. e. flexuosam habet. Unde et nomen accepit. Nam limum obliquum dicimus."  Isid. 19, 22, 26: "limus est vestis quae ab umbilico usque ad pedes producitur."  Ducange: "limas, atis, vestis quae protenditur ab umbilico usque ad pedes, qua publice utebantur servi et coqui.  Ita Jo. de Janua, qui addit: Eadem vestis dicitur limus, Vergilio scilicet et aliis, unde Isid. lib. 19, cap. 22: 'Limus, vestis quae ab umbilico ...'  Gl. Lat. Gall. Sangerman.: Limas, atis, une manière de vêtement qui est dès le venture jusqu'aux pieds, comme devantier [apron] à cuisinière."  Latham: "limas, apron" (duos fontes laudat). 

.grmt athletic supporter, jockstrap  succinctorium (campestre v. gymnicum v. athlêticum) (Aug. Civ. 14, 17: "succintorium genitalium"; Isid. 19, 22, 5: "vestis antiquissima hominum fuit perizomatum, id est subcinctorium, quo tantum genitalia conteguntur")

.grmt bra  strophium, i n. (Plaut.; Catul.), fascia pectoralis (Vulg. Isa. 3, 24)

.grmt button  subst.  (on clothing for fastening)  orbiculus, i m. (Vives), orbiculus vestis (v. vestiarius), orbiculus vesti assûtus;  shirt button  orbiculus camîsiae (v. indûsio) assûtus (cf. Mir 54 n. 29 quoting Pontanus: "globulos thoraci assutos");  (on appliance, television, etc.)  malleolus (tactilis), bulla (tactilis);  press a button  malleolum (v. bullam) tangere  < Globulus (Helf.; LRL; Alb. II) is also found for button in Vives and other early modern writers; but orbiculus better describes the disc-shaped button now in use.  For the use of tangere and tactilis, cf. "pinnam tangere," of key of water organ (Vitr.; followed by Latin writers on music since Renaissance).  ||  imprimere malleolum (Eg. L.D.I. 105) 

.grmt button  vb  (vestimentum) orbiculis conectere (v. constringere);  button up tight! amîculum bene constringas!

.grmt buttonhole  ocellus, i m. (Mir 54 n. 29 quoting Pontanus: "globulos thoraci assutos unumquemque ocello suo fac indas"; Helf.) 

.grmt collar  limbus collâris (Scheller), collâre, is n. (Comenius ch. 61; Coles; Goezler; Badellino), patagium, i n. (Fest. p. 221 Müll.: "patagium est quod ad summam tunicam assui solet"; Tert.; Kirsch)

.grmt cuff  (of shirt or coat)  limbus manicae (Menge-Gütling; Helf. citing Georges), extrêma manica (Smith);  (of pants)  limbus (v. margo) reflexus (v. replicatus)

.grmt cuff link  fibula manicae, fibula gemina (cf. globuli gemini: Helf.; Mir-Calv.)

.grmt dress (woman’s)  stola, ae f.;  long dress  stola talaris (v. longa)

.grmt fly (of pants)  braccarum fissûra;  zipper fly  fissûra denticulata;  button fly  fissûra orbiculâta  < apertura (Helf.)

.grmt formal (of clothing), dress (e.g., dress shirt)  lautus, a, um  < Vide quae sub sport coat scripsi.

.grmt formal: informal (of clothing)  cottidiânus, a, um

.grmt jacket, coat: coat  (long or heavy)  amictus, ûs m., amîculum, i n., paenula, ae f., lacerna, ae f.;  (relatively short or lightweight: jacket, windbreaker, etc.)  tunica, ae f. (Helf. s.v. Windjacke, citing Latinitas; cf. tunicula manicata: Eg. L.D.I. 105; LRL), ? iacca, ae* f. (Helf.; Alb. II; Mir.-Calv.)  < A dress jacket -- a suit coat or sports jacket -- may be called tunica lauta; other sorts of jackets may be distiguished as tunicae cottidianae (cf. Mart. 11, 1, 2: "sidone non cottidianâ").  Helfer notes iacca as medieval but cites no source, and we have been unable to find any.  Ducange has an entry for jacke; but in the only two passages he cites, the word is mentioned as a vernacular rather than a Latin term ("quas vulgo Jackes vocant").  Iacca may nevertheless be justified as a Latinization of a more or less international vernacular term (cf. Ital. giacca, Germ. Jacke, Span. chaqueta, Mod. Gr. zaketa) -- useful for those who find use of the classical tunica here insufficiently clear.  ||  Ducange: "Jacke, jacque.  Sagum militare, quod loricae superinduebantur ... Quod mille loricas sive tunicas, quas vulgo Jackes vocant ... Arreptum quoddam vestimentum ipsius, quale Jacke vocamus."  Vocabulum jacke his locis manifeste tamquam vernaculum, non Latinum adhibetur.  Ceteri loci a Cangio allati e libris Gallice scriptis desumpti sunt.  ||   Tunicula manicata (Eg. L.D.I. 105; LRL): non est cur manicata addamus quoties huius vestimenti mentionem facimus, cum jackets nostra semper sint manicata. 

.grmt jacket, coat: coat with a hood  amictus cucullâtus, amîculum cucullâtum, paenula (v. lacerna v. tunica) cucullâta

.grmt jacket, coat: fur coat  vestis pellicia, amîculum pellicium, gunna, ae f. (ThLL citing Latin Anth. and scholiast on Virgil; Ducange; Niermeyer)  < Videsis quae de gunna s.v. skirt attuli.

.grmt jacket, coat: overcoat  superindumentum (Tert.; Helf.; LRL); amictus extimus (v. longus v. talâris); amîculum extimum (v. longum v. talâre) 

.grmt jacket, coat: sport coat, sport jacket, suit coat  tunica (v. iacca*) lautior  < Nescio an ornatior competat; inspexi locos; is qui talibus vestimentis induitur "ornatus" dici potest; licetne ipsa vestis "ornata" vocare?  In universum quibus adiectivis distinguenda sunt vestimenta "formal, dress" et "informal"?  S.v. coat, adhibui lautior et cottidianus.  Ecquid melius?

.grmt jacket, coat: windbreaker  tunica (v. iacca*) levior, tunica (v. iacca*) ventífraga*  < For the formation and sense of ventifragus, cf. fluctifragus, undifragus.  ||  tunic(ul)a vento prohibendo (Helf. citing Latinitas)  ||  EL: giacca a vento, Windjacke, antianemio

.grmt jeans  brâcae Genuenses (Helf.; Alb. II), brâcae e panno Genuensi (factae v. confectae)  < See note on demin.

.grmt jeans: denim  pannus Genuensis, textîle Genuense  < Denim and jean were originally names of sorts of twill-weave fabrics (similar to contemporary denim) produced respectively in Nîmes and Genoa (in Latin, Genua).  As it is the English word jean, not denim, that has become international, Genoa provides the better identifying adjective for both fabric and garment.

.grmt jeans: jean jacket, denim jacket  tunica (v. iacca*) Genuensis, tunica (v. iacca*) e panno Genuensi  < See note on demin.

.grmt kimono  toga Iapônica, kimônum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 13; LRL)

.grmt overalls  ? superindumentum operarium (LRL) 

.grmt pants, trousers, slacks  brâcae, arum f. pl.

.grmt pocket  funda vestis (Badellino; Alb. II), funda, ae f. (Helf.), funda (vesti) insûta (cf. insutum vestibus aurum, Ov. A.A. 3, 131);  pants pocket  funda brâcis insûta;  vest pocket  funda (interiori) tunicae (v. iaccae*) insûta  < sinus (Goezler; LRL)

.grmt pyjama  vestis dormitoria (v. nocturna) (Helf.)  < Minus apte vestis cubitoria (LRL), siquidem vestimenta cubitoria (Petr. 30, 11) sunt "clothing worn at table" (LS).

.grmt raincoat  pluviale, is+ n. (Niermeyer; Latham; Ratio Studiorum; Rituale Romanum; Helf.), paenula pluviae impervia, ? paenula impermeâbilis (LRL)  < Of the various sorts of ancient cloaks, it was paenula that was associated with rainy weather: "non quaerenda est homini qui habet virtutem paenula in imbri" (Varr. ap. Non. 537, 12); "cum ... multo stillaret paenula nimbo" (Juv. 5, 79).  ||  Nescio an adiectivum impermeabilis solum positum sufficiat; perinde est ac dicas paenula impervia; at huiusmodi amicula nonnisi aquae impermeabilia sive impervia sunt.  Adiectivum impermeabilis sine dubio propter vocabula vernacula (imperméable, etc.) novellis lexicographis succurrit.

.grmt robe, gown: academic gown (as used in graduation ceremony)   toga acadêmica (toga: Latham s.v. toga; Goezler s.v. robe), epitogium (acadêmicum v. scholasticum);  at graduation students march in the cap and gown  inter promotionis sollemnia candidati togâ (v. epitogio) ac pileo vestiti procedunt

.grmt robe, gown: bathrobe  toga (v. amictus) balneâris

.grmt robe, gown: dressing gown, negligé, night-gown  toga cubiculâris (v. levidensis v. râra), amictus cubiculâris (v. levidensis v. rârus)  < For rarus, cf. tunica rara (Ov. Am. 1, 5, 13).  For levidensis, see Isid. Orig. 19, 22, 19: "levidensis vestis dicta, quod raro filo sit leviterque densata."  On this use of toga, see note after robe; cf. also "toga pro nocte" (Latham s.v. toga).

.grmt robe, gown: robe (loose garment worn at home), housecoat  toga domestica (cf. Descartes: "toga hiemalis"; Vives; etc.), amictus domesticus  < Toga has been used since antiquity of various types of loose-fitting outer garments, including judges' robes, academic gowns, priests' cassocks, Chinese mandarins' robes, and housecoats (see Latham).  For domesticus, cf. vestitus domesticus (Cic. Fin. 2, 24), domestica vestis (Goezler s.v. robe).  ||  Vestis domestica (Goezler; Helf.; LRL) latius patere videtur.

.grmt shirt  camîs(i)a, ae f. (Hier.; Isid.; Helf.), indûsium, i n. (Erasmus, Vives, Comenius ch. 61, etc.)  ||  Camisia.  ThLL novem numero fontes laudat (Hier., Vict. Vit., Pallad., papyr., Lex Sal., Greg. M., Ven. Fort., Schol. Hor. Vind., Gloss.); horum tres (Ven. Fort., Lex Sal., Gloss.) camisa habent (potius quam camisiam).  Hier. Ep. 64, 11: "solent militantes habere lineas, quas camisias vocant, sic aptas membris et adstrictas corporibus."  ThLL s.v. camisia: "i secundae syllabae longam fuisse e linguis romanicis sequitur."

.grmt shirt: blouse  camîs(i)a (muliebris), indûsium (muliebre)  < pelusia (Helf.; Alb. II)

.grmt shirt: tank-top (sort of t-shirt)  exômis, idis f. (Fest. p. 81 Müll: "exomides sunt comici vestitus exsertis humeris"; Gell. 6, 12, 3)  < Exomis. LS: "Exomides sunt comici vestitus exsertis humeris, Fest. p. 81 Müll.; cf. Gell. 7, 12, 3."  Lidell-Scott: "at Rome, sleeveless tunic, Plu. Cat. Ma. 3, Gell. 6(7).12.3."  Gell. 6, 12, 3: "Viri autem Romani primo quidem sine tunicis toga sola amicti fuerunt; postea substrictas et breves tunicas citra humerum desinentes habebant, quod genus Graeci dicunt exomidas."

.grmt shirt: t-shirt  (outer garment)  camîsula, ae* f., camîsiola, ae* f., indûsiolum, i* n. (Hoven citing Erasmus, of a small shirt), camîs(i)a levis, indûsium leve;  (see undershirt)

.grmt shorts, short pants  feminâlia, ium n. pl. (Vulg.; Hier. Ep. 64, 10, 1: "feminalia vel bracae usque ad genua pertingentes"; Isid. Orig. 19, 21), femorâlia, ium n. pl. (Vulg.; Bonaventura; Vives; Holberg), brâcae breviôres  < curta femoralia (Helf. citing Latinitas); brevissimae bracae (LRL)  ||  Feminalia.  Hier. Ep. 64, 10, 1: "vocatur ... lingua hebraea hoc genus vestimenti machnase, graece periskelh, a nostris feminalia vel bracae usque ad genua pertingentes."  Isid. orig. 19, 21: "batin sive feminalia, id est bracae lineae usque ad genua pertingentes, quibus verecunda sacerdotis velabantur."  Hesych. in lev. 16, 3/4 p. 987b: "super femora et circa vicina eis membra solum sunt feminalia."  ||  Femoralia.  Rufin. Orig. in Lev. 9, 2 p. 510a: "femorale indumentum est quo pudenda corporis contegi et constringi solent."  Inter feminalia et femoralia nihil interesse videtur.

.grmt shorts: cut-offs, cut-off shorts  brâcae curtae (v. decurtatae)

.grmt skirt  calt(h)ula, ae f. (Plaut. Epid. 231; Varr. Gram. 194; cf. castula: LRL; Goezler)   < Castula is a reading at the cited passage in Varro now rejected in favor of caltula (OLD) or calthula (ThLL; see A. Walde, Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, s.v. castula).  Gunna (proposed for "skirt" by Helfer and Albert II) is a late ancient and medieval term for a fur cloak (ThLL; Ducange; Niermeyer).  ||  Voces propositae: castula, tunic(ul)a inferior, supparum, inducula inferior (LRL); gunna (Helf., Alb. I, II); hemitunica inferior (Ciar.); limbus, lacinia, inferior vestis (Lev.); tunica interior, castula (Goezler); tunica interior (Badellino)  ||  Calt(h)ula.  Plaut. Epid. 231: "[mulieres] vesti quotannis nomina inveniunt nova ... indusiatam, patagiatam, caltulam aut crocotulam."  Varr. Gram. 194 = Varro frg. Non. p. 548: "caltula est palliolum parecinctui, quod nudae infra papillas praecinguntur, quo mulieres nunc et eo magis utuntur, postquam subuculis desierunt."   Non. p. 548: "caltulam et crocotulam: utrumque a generibus florum translatum, a caltha et a croco."  Gloss. Plac. V 16, 2: "caltulum cinguli genus a coacto loro calthae [a colore calthae docti coniecerunt] dictum" (idem fere Isid. orig. 19, 33, 4).  OLD: "caltula ... a short undergarment worn by women."  ||  Gunna.  ThLL: "vestis pellicia. Gloss.L. Corp. G 185 -a heden (anglosax.). Anth. 209, 4 de nano: pulicis e corio vestit te -a profusa. Schol. Bern. Verg. georg. 3, 383 pecudum de pellibus faciunt -as, quibus vestiuntur omnes barbari."  Ducange: "vestis pellicea."  Niermeyer: "fur coat."  ThLL s.v. gunnarius: "fabricator (venditor?) gunnarum: Gloss. V 441, 32 v. vol II, 686, 3. Papyr. Marini 74, 6, 8 Laurentius v(ir) h(onestus) gunnar(ius)."  OED s.v. gown: "med.L. gunna, used in the 8th c. by St. Boniface for a garment of fur permitted to elderly or infirm monks. A late L. gunna ‘skin, fur’, is quoted from a scholiast on Verg. Georg. III. 383, and in Byzantine Gr. gouna is common as the name of a coarse garment, sometimes described as made of skins."

.grmt sleeve  manica, ae f., manuleus, i m.;  long-sleeved  manicâtus, a, um;  short-sleeved  semimanicâtus, a, um*;   sleeveless  carens manicis  < At manica proprie videtur eam tunicae partem significare, quae manum tegit; potest et chirothecam sonare.

.grmt socks  (ordinary socks, ankle-length socks)  pedûlia, ium n. pl. (Petr.; LRL), impilia, ium n. pl. (Plin.; Helf.; Alb.);  (long socks, knee socks, socks covering much of lower leg)  tibialia, ium n. pl. (Suet.; LRL)

.grmt socks: hose, panty-hose, stockings (rising above knee) crûrâlia* (LRL; cf. fasciae crurales: Petr.; Dig.), crûrâlia* strictôria  < Vives coined the word feminicruralia for the long men's hose of the Renaissance (cite); cruralia, however, suffices, as crus, though sometimes denoting specifically the lower leg or shin, most often refers to the entire leg (André, Anat.).  ||  tibialia bracaria (Helf.; Alb. II)

.grmt suit (clothes)  synthesis, is f. (Mart. 2, 46, 4; Dig. 34, 2, 39; Helf.; Alb. II), synthesina, ae f. (Suet. Ner. 52)

.grmt suspenders (US), braces (Br.)  brâcârum retinâcula, brâcarum habênae (Helf.)  < bracarum habênae [Soc. Lat.], fasciolae decusssatae [Mariucci, Nova et vetera, 1987] (Helf.); bracarum tendiculae, bracarum habenulae (LRL); fasciae bracarum (Smith)

.grmt sweater, cardigan  thorax laneus (Suet. Aug. 82, of an ancient garment; for the modern "sweater": Eg. D.L. 21; Helf.; LRL), strictôria lanea (Helf.; LRL)  < Thorax is used by Suetonius of a close-fitting winter garment covering the chest; Renaissance writers applied it to the doublet (Vives, etc.).  < Quae proposita sunt, mihi non videntur valde apta; at nihil melius invenio.  ||  Thorax: Renascentium artium aetate thorax id quod anglice doublet sonabat.  OED s.v. doublet: "A close-fitting body-garment, with or without sleeves, worn by men from the 14th to the 18th centuries ... The doublet had many changes of fashion, being at one time with, at another without, short skirts. In its various sleeved and sleeveless forms, it was the prototype of the modern coat, jacket, and waistcoat."  Thorax aptior ad vest sive waistcoat nominandum quam ad sweater mihi videtur.  ||  Strictoria (semel tantum usurpatum videtur).  LS: "a shirt with long sleeves, Edict. Diocl. 7, 56."  Gaffiot: "sorte de chemise d'homme à longues manches, qui serre étroitement le corps."  ||  Endromis (proponit Helf.).  LS: "a coarse woollen cloak in which the heated athletae wrapped themselves after their exercises, Mart. 4, 19; 14, 126; Juv. 3, 102. But afterwards a fine sort worn as an article of luxury: Tyriae, id. 6, 246 Rup."  Gaffiot: "manteau dont on se couvrait particulièrement après les exercices corporels."  Lidell-Scott: "Adj., used in the foot-race ... Subst., bath-wrapper or drawsheet ... also, thick wrapper worn by runners, after exercise, for fear of cold, Mart. 4.19, Juv. 3.103, 6.246."

.grmt swimsuit, bathing suit  (generally)  vestis natâtôria;  (close-fitting, briefs-type: speedo, bikini bottom)  subligar (v. subligâculum) natâtôrium;  (loose-fitting, shorts-type: swim trunks)  femôralia (v. feminâlia) natâtôria  < For femorâlia and feminâlia, see authorities cited under shorts and undershorts.  We have preferred the adjective natatorius, as balnearis (vestis balnearis, Helf., LRL; vesticula balnearis, Eg. D.L. 21) refers in Latin specifically to to a bathroom, bath-house, or bathing establishment, not generally to the activity of bathing or swimming; the vestis balnearis mentioned in Lampr., Alex. Sev. 42, is a garment worn at the baths ("thermae"): "Thermis ... frequenter cum populo usus est et aestate maxime balneari vesti ad palatium revertens."

.grmt tuxedo (semiformal eveningwear, including dinner jacket, trousers)  vestis cênâtôria (Capitol. Max. Jun. 4), cênâtôria, orum n. pl. (Petr.; Mart.) (the two previous expressions describe an ancient dinner garment), vestis vespertîna (Helf.), synthesis cênâtôria (v. vespertîna);  (semiformal coat, dinner jacket)  tunica cênâtôria (v. vespertîna)

.grmt tuxedo: tails, tail coat  tunica caudâta (LRL)

.grmt undershirt  subûcula, ae f. (Hor.; Suet.), interula, ae f. (App.; Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.grmt undershorts  (briefs)  subligar, is n., subligâculum, i n.;  (boxer shorts)  femorâlia (intima v. interiora) (Holberg, etc.; Helfer s.v. Unterhose: "femorale substrictius"), feminâlia (intima v. interiora) (Helfer s.v. Slip: feminalia)  < Femoralia and feminalia refer to shorts covering all or part of the thighs (femora, femina); they may be either an inner or an outer garment.  See also shorts.

.grmt undershorts: unterpants (women's), panties (U.S.), knickers (Br.)  subligar (muliebre), subligaculum (muliebre)

.grmt underwear  vestes intimae (v. interiores), vestimenta intima (v. interiores), intima corporis velamenta (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.grmt underwear: lingerie  vestes intimae muliebres

.grmt underwear: slip (woman's undergarment)  tunica muliebris interior (Helf.: tunica muliebris)

.grmt uniform  ?  < vestis distincta (Lev.)

.grmt vest (U.S.), waistcoat (Br.)  colobium, i n. (Serv.; Helf.; Alb. II)

.grmt zipper  ? clausûra (v. clûsûra) lâbilis (v. denticulâta)  < clusura tractilis, clausura fulminea (Helf. citing Pal. Lat. for both); verticulae (LRL citing Vitr. 10, 13, 1); fibula remissaria (Lev.)  ||  Verticulae.  "charnière [hinge] ... élément de l'orgue hydraulique" (Callebat Dict. 264). ||  EL: Reissverschluss; fermeture-éclair, fermeture à glissière; ciernera (lampo); cremallera, cierre relámpago; fermouar

.gvt asylum: political asylum

.gvt bodyguard  stipâtor, ôris m., corporis stipâtor (Eg. R.A. 44), protector, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 36), corporis protector (Eg. S.L. 9), corporis custos (Eg. S.L. 51)

.gvt chancellor  cancellarius, i m. (Eg. S.L. 16, of German chancellor)

.gvt citizenship  civitas (Eg. S.L. 34);  be granted citizenship, become a citizen, be naturalized  civitate donari (Eg. S.L. 34)

.gvt civil rights  iura civilia n. pl. (Eg. S.L. 72)

.gvt constitution  lex primaria  < Cf. forma civitatis (Eg. R.A. 44), rei publicae constitutio (Cic. Rep. 2, 37).

.gvt czar, tsar  Russiae Caesar (Eg. R.A. 116), Russiae (v. Russorum v. Russicus) Autócrator (18th-century treaties; autócrator, oris m., Vopisc. Firm. 2, 1, of the Roman emperor; the czar assumed the titles of the Byzantine emperor upon the fall of Constantinople)

.gvt emperor  (Holy Roman Empire, German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, etc.)  Caesar, ris (Eg. R.A. 145: "in regionibus imperatori Germanico subiectis, quem haud raro Caesarem Latine vocabant");  adj.  caesareus, a, um

.gvt freedom of the press  < libertas rei pressoriae (Eg. S.L. 84)

.gvt government official  magistratus, ûs m.

.gvt human rights  hominum iura (Eg. D.L. 47)

.gvt independence  libertas, atis f., facultas suis legibus utendi (Eg. D.L. 40: "novem insulis facultas data est suis legibus utendi")

.gvt independent  sui iuris (gen.);  become independent, gain independence  sui iuris fieri (Eg. D.L. 40), sui iuris esse incipere (Eg. S.L. 14), libertatum adipisci (Eg. S.L. 14)

.gvt junta

.gvt leader, ruler, authority  (political)  moderator (Eg. D.L. 27)

.gvt ruler  (person who governs)  (rei publicae) moderator (Eg. S.L. 30)

.gvt theocracy  theocratia, ae* f. (Spinoza; Eg. D.L. 58)

.gym exercise  subst.  (physical)  exercitatio, ônis f. (Cels. 1, 1 et passim)

.gym exercise  vb  se exercêre (Cels. 1, 1 et passim), exercêri

.gym massage  subst.  frictio, ônis f., fricatio, ônis f., malassatio, ônis f.;  vb  malaxare (Sen. Ep. 66, 49; Plin. Val. 1, 8), fricare

.gym masseur  tractâtor, ôris m., fricâtor, ôris m., ? alipta, ae m. (Sen. Ep. 66, 53)  < Quoad alipta, videsis finitiones s.v. physical therapy.

.gym trainer, coach, personal trainer  ? alipta, ae m., paedotrîba, ae* m. (Hoven quoting Budé; Anc. Gr.)

.hair cut (someone's) hair very short  (aliquem) strictim attondêre (Plaut. Capt. 268), ad cutem attondêre (Scrib. Comp. 10)

.hist Byzantine  Byzantius, a, um, Byzantînus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 10)  < Byantius is classical, Byzantinus late ancient.

.hist coat of arms  insigne gentilicium (Eg. R.A. 51, 94)

.hist doge  dux Venetorum (Eg. R.A. 142)

.hist drawbridge, portcullis  cataracta, ae f. (Liv. 27, 28, 10)

.hist fall of the Roman empire  imperium Romanum (v. Romanorum) eversum;  since (or after) the fall of the Roman empire  post eversum Romanorum imperium (Eg. L.D.I. 124)

.hist Hellenistic  Alexandrînus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 100: "cultus Isidis ... aetate Alexandrinâ in occidente longe lateque manavit")

.hist imperial  caesareus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 57, of Holy Roman Empire)

.hlda Annunciation  dies annuntiatae Virgini festivus (Ducrue 247)

.hlda birthday  dies natalicius (Vulg. Gen. 40, 20)

.hlda carnival, shrovetide, mardi gras  carniprivium, i+ n.; oblectationes antequadragesimales* (Eg. S.L. 38)

.hlda Christmas  subst.  dies Natalis Domini (Eg. D.L. 19), sollemnia natalicia (Eg. S.L. 85);  adj.  natalicius, a, um (Eg. S.L. 33: "arbor natalicia"; Eg. S.L. 108: "pax temporis natalicii"; Eg. R.A. 38: "tempore natalicio");  Christmas season, holiday season  (series of holidays at end of year, including Christmas, New Year, Hanukkah)  Saturnalia, ium n. pl. (in antiquity, a holiday period in late December)  < At natalicius significare poterit et "of a birthday"; quo modo haec distinguenda?

.hlda Christmas eve  pervigilium Natalis Christi (Eg. R.A. 136), vigilia Nativitatis Domini (Ducrue 230)

.hlda Easter  pascha, ae f., pascha, atis n., pascharum dies (Symm.), sollemna paschatis (Eg. S.L. 46)

.hlda Halloween  pervigilium Omnium Sanctorum (cf. "pervigilium Natalis Christi," Christmas Eve)

.hlda Holy Week  pascha (Ducrue 229: "per octo omnino dies Paschatis")

.hlda Independance Day  (of July the Fourth, Bastille Day, Cinqo de Mayo and similar national holidays)  libertatis patriae festum (v. dies festus), eleutheria, orum n. pl. (Plaut. Pers. 29, of an ancient Greek "freedom holiday" celebrating the victory at Plataea); cf. Eg. S.L. 14: "id festo die evenit, quo Civitates illae Foederatae memoriam celebrant adeptae libertatis, seu temporis historiâ digni, quo sui iuris esse coeperunt."

.hlda New Year's day  Calendae Ianuariae (Eg. S.L. 89), annus novus (Sen.)

.hlda New Year's eve  perviligium anni novi (v. calendarum Ianuariarum)

.hlda Palm Sunday  dies Palmarum (Ducrue 247)

.hlda Pentecost  Pentecostê, ês f. (Vulg.), festum Pentecostale (Tert.), dies Pentecostês (Eg. S.L. 11)

.hom aerosol spray can  cf. nimbus (LS: "A vessel with many holes in it, used at public shows and at entertainments for sprinkling liquid perfumes: nimbus vitreus, Mart. 14, 112 in lemm.")

.hom apartment (US), flat (Br.), suite (of rooms)   diaeta, ae f. (Pl. Ep. 5, 6, 21; Suet. Claud. 10; Helf.; LRL; Eg. D.L. 23; Eg. R.A. 88: "diaeta conclavia plura complectitur"), domus, ûs f. (Vitr. 6, 7, 3-4), domuncula, ae f. (Vitr. 6, 7, 4), conclavia, ium n. pl., conclavium series  < Vitrivius uses domus and domuncula of separate, sealed-off apartments (andronitides, gynaeconitides, and guest suites) within a Greek house.  Pliny (Ep. 5, 6, 20-23) uses diaeta of a suite, part of his Tuscan villa, encompassing two bedrooms and a dining room, grouped around a common courtyard.

.hom apartment: condominium 

.hom screen (on window)  fenestra reticulata (Varr. R.R. 3, 7, 3) (cf. fenestra lignea for "shutter")

.hom stucco  tectorium, i n., opus tectorium (Eg. S.L. 93), opus albarium (Eg. R.A. 131)

.hom1 broom: dustpan  vatillum, i n. (see Hilgers 295)

.hom1 broom: sweep (with broom)  scopis mundare (Vulg. Luc. 11, 25), verrere (Plaut. Merc. 397: aedes verrere)

.hom1 clean house, clean up, tidy up  munditias facere (Plaut. Stich. 347: "munditias volo fieri; ecferte huc scopas"; Cato, R.R. 39, 2 :

.hom1 hot-water bottle  lenticula caldâria, lenticula calidâ replêta (Cass. Fel. 51, 3: "lenticulam aeream vel testaceam calidâ repletam ipsis locis dolentibus appones ob mitigandum dolorem"; see Hilgers 212-13)  < Hilgers notes that the lenticula can be a "warming bottle" ("Wärmflasche"), probably similar in shape to our canteen.

.hom1 ironing board

.hors saddle  ephippium, strâtum (equi), strâgulum (equi)

.hors stud-horse  equus admissarius (Eg. S.L. 37)

.ind Buddhist  Buddhista, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 10);  adj.  Buddhisticus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 58)

.ind Hindu  subst.  hinduista, ae* m., hinduismi sectator (Eg. S.L. 82);  adj.  hinduisticus, a, um*

.ind Hinduism  Brachmanum religio (Schlegel; cf. Eg. S.L. 83: "innumerabiles homines in funus venerunt, quod secundum Brachmanarum ritum est factum"), vetus Indorum religio, hinduismus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 82)

.intl anthropological  anthrôpologicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 45)

.intl anthropologist  anthrôpologus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 100)

.intl anthropology  anthrôpologia, ae* f.

.intl geologist  geologus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 32)

.intl geology  geologia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 81)

.intl think-tank, research institute  phrontistêrium, i* (Anc. Gr.; Vives, for "school")

.jrn news  (television broadcast)  acta diurna televisifica (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.jrn news agency  sedes nuntiis divulgandis (Eg. D.L. 50), sedes diurnariis edocendis (Eg. S.L. 88: "Reuteriana sedes diurnariis edocendis")

.jrn news photographer, photojournalist  relator photógraphus* (Eg. D.L. 25; Eg. S.L. 34)

.jrn newspaper  ephemeris, idis f. (Eg. S.L. 94), acta diurna n. pl., diarium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 58; Eg. S.L. 94)

.kchn camp-stove  < foculus campestris (Eg. D.L. 56)

.kchn refrigerator  armarium frigidarium (Eg. D.L. 29; Eg. L.D.I. 105); frigidarium, i n.

.lang accent  (stress or pitch of a syllable)  accentus, ûs m.;  (diacritical mark)  accentûs signum (strictly, of mark indicating syllable stress or pitch), apex, icis m. (esp. of long mark over vowel, Quint.; Eg. L.D.I. 8);  (characteristic mode of pronunciation)  sonus (e.g., rusticus, peregrînus, meridiânus), vox, vocis f. (Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 42: "rustica vox et agrestis quosdam delectat")

.lang ideogram, pictogram  ideographêma, atis* f., nota (v. littera) ideographica* (cf. litterae hieroglyphicae, Macr. S. 1, 21, 12; notae hieroglyphicae, Amm. 17, 4, 8), vocis (v. notionis) pictûra (v. figûra)  < ideogramma, atis* n. (Eg. S.L. 87: "tria milia idegrammatum, id est signorum seu figurarum, quibus Sineses in scribendo utuntur, mente comprehendit")

.lang Indo-European  Indeuropaeus, a, um, Indicus-Europaeus (Eg. S.L. 74)

.lang Modern Greek  lingua graeca recentior (v. vulgaris), lingua neograeca*

.lang Nahuatl  lingua Mexicana (Ducrue 246)

.lang purist  (in language usage)  puri sermonis exactor (Eg. R.A. 10)

.lang Romance language  lingua Romanensis, lingua Romanica (ThLL s.v. camisia; Eg. R.A. 112), lingua Romana vulgaris (Schlegel)

.lang simultaneous translation  versio simultanea (Eg. D.L. 22)

.lang Swahili  Svahilius, i m.;  adj.  Svahilicus, a, um.;  (language)  lingua Svahilica;  in Swahili  svahilicê  < lingua svahiliana (Eg. S.L. 102).  Non quadrat hic inclinamentum -anus, cum vox de loci nomine non derivetur.

.law alibi: the butler has an air-tight alibi  promus condus manifestis argumentis se alibi fuisse convincere potest

.law amnesty  amnêstia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 30)

.law appeal  (jud.)  appellare (aliquem), provocare (ad aliquem) (Eg. S.L. 27)

.law court  tribûnal, is n. (Eg. S.L. 37)

.law jury, member of  iudex iurâtus, iurâtor, ôris m.

.law lie-detector

.law plaintiff  petîtor, ôris m.

.law prosecutor, district attorney, D.A.  accûsator, ôris m.  < actor publicus (Eg. S.L.  20, 38).  LS: "So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property."  Actor (without adjective) refers both to a plaintiff (in a civil case) and a prosecutor (in a criminal case).

.law self-defense: to aquit someone on grounds of self-defense  aliquem crimine liberare quod se legitime defenderit (Eg. S.L. 27)

.law supreme court  supremum tribunal (Ducrue 245); cf. collegium iudicum formae civitatis tuendae (Eg. R.A. 44, of Italian constitutional court)

.leg legislator  legum lator, legis lator, nomotheta, ae m. (Quint. 10, 1, 70)

.leg parliament, legislature, (national) assembly  parlamentum, i+ n., senatus, ûs, m., coetus legatorum popularium (Eg. D.L. 22), coetus legum latorum popularium (Eg. D.L. 32), coetus oratorum popularium (Eg. D.L. 47)

.leg representative  (generally)  lêgâtus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 25, of representative of book publishers);  (in political assembly: congressman, deputy)  orator popularis (Eg. D.L. 41), legum lator popularis (Eg. S.L. 91), orator popularis (Eg. D.L. 47)  [see also legislator]

.lit dénouement  catastrophê, ês f.

.lit myth  veterum (v. antîquôrum) fâbula, fâbulâris histôria (Eg. R.A. 23: "sarcophagus fabularem historiam exhibens Meleagri")

.lit mythology  (myths, collectively)  veterum (v. antîquôrum) fâbulae;  (study of myths)  mythologia, ae f.

.lit novel  fabula Romanensis (Huet, etc.), fabula Milesia (Eg. L.D.I. 105), ? mythistoria, ae f. (Capitol. Macr. 1, 3; cf. Mod. Gr. muqistoria, muqistorhma, novel)  < Dubito an mythistoria competat.  Invenitur apud antiquos semel tantum, in Historia Augusta; mythistoricus semel quoque, in alia Historiae Augustae vita.  Spectant haec voces ad fabellas parum graves de rebus historicis.  ||  Capitolinus, Opellius Macrinus 1, 3-5: "Et Iunio quidem Cordo studium fuit eorum imperatorum vitas edere quos obscuriores videbat.  Qui non multum profecit; nam et pauca repperit et indigna memoratu, adserens se minima quaeque persecuturum, quasi vel de Traiano aut Pio aut Marco sciendum sit, quotiens processerit, quando cibos variaverit et quando vestem mutaverit et quos quando promoverit.  Quae ille omnis exsequendo libros mythistoriis replevit talia scribendo, cum omnino rerum vilium aut nulla scribenda sint aut nimis pauca."  Trans. Magie (Loeb series): "By searching out all this sort of thing and recording it, he filled his books with gossip."  Trans. Burcan (Budé series): "À force de quêter tous ces détails, il a rempli ses livres de romans historiques en notant de pareilles vetilles"; note ad 1, 5: "mythistoriis: Locution propre a l'HA; cf. Q 1, 2 (ou Marius Maximus est crédité de mythistorica volumina et correlativement dénigré).  Il s'agit d'une historiographe d'historiettes (fabellae) assaisonnée de ragots [gossip]: 'legat Cordum qui haec omnia usque ad fabellam scripsit' (Max., 31, 4).  Fabella equivaut ici comme mythistoria à l'acception méprisante et péjorative du grec muqouV legein."  ||  ThLGr: "muqistoria, hV, Historia fabularis, ut Suet. in Tib.: Maxime tamen curavit historiae fabularis notitiam usque ad ineptias atque derisum.  Aelius Spart. in suis Historiis [Macrin. c. 1 (qui in edd. Capitolini)] citat aliquando muqistoriaV.  Bud."  ||  Forc.:  "mythistoria ... narratio fabulosa et frivola ... Capitol. Marcrin. 1.  ||  Forc. "fabularis ... idem ac fabulosus, ut Historia fabularis in qua multa falsa.  Suet. Tib. 70. Maxime tamen curavit historiae fabularis notitiam."  ||  ThLL: "mythistoria ... i.q. narratio fabulosa: Capitol. Opil. 1, 5 (de Iunio Cordo viliora quaeque de imperatoribus referente)"  ||  Vopiscus, Firmus, 1, 2 (noting that Suet and Marius Maximus omitted or passed over quickly minor tyrant-emperors): "Et de Suetonio non miramur, cui familiare fuit amare brevitatem.  Quid Marius Maximus, homo omnium verbosissimus, qui et mythistoricis se voluminibus implicavit, num ad istam descriptionem descendit?"  Trans. Magie (Loeb series): "who involved himself in pseudo-historical works."  ||  Forc.: "mythistoricus ... fabulosus, mixtus ex historia et fabulis, ut mythistorica volumina, Vopisc. Firm. 1"  ||  ThLL: "mythistoricus ... i.q. narrationes fabulosas continens: Vopisc. quatt. tyr. 1, 2"  ||  Christian Hoffmann, Dissertatio mythistorica de terrore panico ([Jenae?], 1669).  Hoc tantum apud WC inveni; puto me et aliubi apud recentiores vocem mythistoricus vidisse, ita adhibitam ut significare videretur, tamquam hic, "ad criticam fabularum veterum investigationem pertinens."

.locl canton (Swiss)  pagus, i m. (Pharm. Helv. [1872] iii)

.locl city councilman, town councilman  decurio, onis m. (Eg. D.L. 10; Eg. S.L. 40)

.locl governor  gubernator, ôris m. (Ducrue 220, of Spanish provinces in New World)

.locl mayor  consul, is m. (Holberg, etc.), urbis praefectus (Ducrue 218), magister urbis (Eg. D.L. 7; Eg. S.L. 89), magister (with name of city or town) (Eg. S.L. 89: "magister Carthaginis ... Romae magister"), moderator urbis (Eg. D.L. 13), oppidi magister (Eg. D.L. 50)

.math analysis (math.: branch of mathematics including calculus and related fields)  analysis, is f. (Gauss VI, 42);  adj.  analyticus, a, um (Gauss VI, 42)

.math average  valor medius (Gauss IV, 6: "haecce quantitas k, quae re verâ est medium omnium errorum possibilium, seu valor medius ipsius x"), numerus medius;  adj.  medius;  average temperature  calor medius

.math billion (US), a thousand millions (Br.)  miliardum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 87)

.math coefficient  coëfficiens, ntis m. (Gauss VI, 29 et passim)

.math constant (math.)  constans, ntis m. (Gauss V, 36)

.math cosine (math.)  cosinus, ûs m. (Gauss VI, 32)

.math decimal: to sex decimal places  ad sex figuras decimales (Gauss VI, 29: "nisi tabulis logarithmorum maioribus ad septem vel saltem ad sex figureas decimales constructis perficiantur")

.math diameter  diametros, i f. (Vitr.; Col.)

.math digit  nota numeri, cifra, ae+ f. (Maigne; Niermeye; Latham);  a ten-digit number  numerus decem notis constans (Eg. D.L. 39)

.math ellipse (geometrical)  ellipsis, is f. (*) (Eg. R.A. 126)

.math equation  aequatio, ônis f. (Gauss VI, 30)

.math factor (math.)  factor, ôris m. (Gauss VI, 46)

.math formula (math.)  formula, ae f. (Gauss VI, 32)

.math function (math.)  functio, ônis (Gauss V, 32)

.math logarithm  logarithmus, i m. (Gauss VI, 28)

.math mathematics  mathêsis, is f. (Gauss VI, 39)

.math million  millio, ônis+ (*) m. (Ducrue 232)

.math negative  (math.)  negâtîvus, a, um (Gauss IV, 10 et passim)

.math numeral: Arabic numeral  numerus Arabicus (Rabikauskas 150: "signa numeris sic dictis Arabicis expressa"), nota numeri Arabica;  Roman numeral  numerus Românus, nota numeri Româna

.math positive  (math.)  positîvus, a, um (Gauss IV, 10 et passim)

.math probability  (math.)  probabilitas, âtis f. (Gauss IV, 8 et passim)

.math radius (geometry)  circuli radius (Gauss VI, 42)

.math rectangle  rectogônum, i n. (Souter citing Grom.), orthogônium, i+ (Latham; Anc. Gr.), rectangulum, i* n. (Latham)

.math rectangular  rectiangulus, a, um (Souter and Gaffiot, citing Grom.; Eg. S.L. 48; Eg. R.A. 69), quadriangulus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 71), orthogônus, a, um+ (Latham)

.math sine (math.)  sinus, ûs m. (Gauss VI, 32)

.math solve (for a quantity), find (a quantity through calculation)  eruere (Gauss VI, 34: "paucisque tentaminibus eruitur u = 0.24388"; Gauss VI, 42: "quod non possit aeque concinne per analysin erui")

.math trigonometric  trigonometricus, a, um* (Bonon. Acad. I, 286)

.math value (math.)  valor, ôris m. (Gauss V, 37 et passim)

.math vector  radius vector (radii vectôris) (Gauss VI, 29)

.math zero  zerum numerus (Eg. D.L. 18)

.mdv duchess  ducissa, ae f. (Ducrue 263)

.mdv Gothic  Gothicus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 51);  Gothic style  genus Gothicum (Eg. R.A. 51, 102: "ecclesia ... Gothico structurae genere ... est exstructa"), cf. 70-71: "ad artis Gothicae praecepta")

.mdv medieval  mediaevalis, e*, mediaevus, a, um* (for formation, cf. primaevus)

.mdv middle ages  media aetas (Eg. D.L. 5), medium aevum (Eg. S.L. 100)

.mdv Viking  Vikingus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 19), Normannus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 19; Eg. R.A. 49: "ea aedes, incendio a Normannis anno 1084 vastata")

.med acupuncture  acupunctura, ae* f. (De acupuntura, Bonn, 1826)

.med amputate  abscindere (Ducrue 240: "ut manus vel pedes ... paulatim intumescant ... ut abscindi necesse habeant")

.med anesthesia  narcosis, is f. (Pharm. Austr. 22: "aether pro narcosi"; Pharm. Helv. [1907] 28: "aether pro narcosi")

.med anesthetic 

.med antibacterial, sterilizing  cf. germicida*  (Pharm. Austr. xxviii: "sterilisatio medicaminum ne efficiatur additis substantiis germicidis ... Medicamina quibus aut a natura aut a praeparatione vires germicidae insunt, sterilefacere haud necesse est")

.med antibody

.med antiseptic  adj.  ? antisepticus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. xxvii; Eg. S.L. 103: medicamentum antisepticum)

.med chiropractic  chîropraxia, ae* f., chîropractica, ae (or ê, ês)* f. (Mod. Gr. ceiropraktikh)  < For the formation of chiropraxia, cf. protopraxia (Plin. Ep.), Anc. Gr. duspraxia, eupraxia, isopraxia, etc.

.med chiropractor  chîropractus, i* m.  < For the formation, cf. Anc. Gr. dhmosiopraktoV, austhropraktoV, autopraktoV, etc.

.med clinic, clinical   cf. Pharm. Austr. ix: "in selectione medicaminum ... prae ceteris rationes scientificae et clinica experientia consulta fuerint"; idem: "collegia medicorum primariorum necnon professores, qui diversis clinicis praesunt, invitati sunt indicare quae medicamina in elenchum recipienda"

.med crutch  fulmentum subalare

.med dose  dosis, is f. (Pharm. Austr. xx: "medicamina ... in qua dosi expedienda sint"; idid. xxii: "medicaimin ... si a medico in maiore dosi praescribuntur")

.med ether (diethyl ether, anaesthetic)  aether, eris m. (Pharm. Austr. 22: "aether pro narcosi")

.med hospital  nosocomium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 42), valetudinarium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 10)

.med immune (med.)

.med inject  (aliquid) in venas (alicuius) immittere, in venas inicere (Eg. S.L. 70: "in eius venas iniectum 'serum veritatis,' id est sodium Thopalense").  < LS: "immitto: ... canalibus aqua immissa, Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 6; ... cloacam privatam in publicum, ib. 43, 23, 1; and: puram aquam in alvum, Cels. 2, 12."

.med injection (medical)  iniectio hypodermatica* (Pharm. Austr. xxvii: "liquores detinati ad iniectionem intravenosam aut hypodermaticam ne dispensentur nisi sterilefacti")

.med mental hospital, asylum  manicomîum, i* n., phrênocomîum, i* n.

.med neurological  neurologicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 80)

.med nursing home (for elderly)  gerontocomîum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 10)

.med obstetrics, obstetrician

.med operation (surgical)  sectio chirurgica (Eg. S.L. 32)

.med physical therapist, physiotherapist  iatralipta, ae m. (Cels. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 5; Petr. 28, 3), cinêsitherapeuta, ae* m.  < The alipta was apparently a combination of masseur and personal trainer; the iatrolipta (the first element of the compound being from iatroV, medical doctor), one who used similar techniques in treating the sick.  The term is thus appropriate for physical therapists, who use massage and exercise for physical rehabilitation.  Plin. Ep. 10, 5: "proximo anno, domine, gravissima valetudine usque ad periculum vitae vexatus iatralipten assumpsi"; Cels. 1, 1: "sanus homo, qui et bene valet et suae spontis est, nullis obligare se legibus debet, ac neque medico neque iatraliptâ egere."  ||  EB s.v. physical medicine and rehabilitation: "also called Physiatry, Physical Therapy, or Rehabilitation Medicine, medical specialty concerned with the treatment of chronic disabilities and with the restoration of normal functioning to the disabled through physical modes of treatment, such as exercise.  This specialized medical service is generally aimed at rehabilitating persons disabled by pain or ailments affecting the motor functions of the body ... The therapeutic means most commonly employed include heat, massage, exercise, electrical currents, and functional training."  OED s.v. physiotherapy: " The treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods, such as massage, exercise, and the application of heat, light, fresh air, and other external influences." ||  Iatralipta: "masseur" (OLD); "surgeon who practices by annointment, friction and the like, Plin. Ep.10.5(4), Cels. 1.1, Gal. 13.104, Paul. Aeg. 3.47; hence iatr-aleiptikh (sc. tecnh), practice of an iatraleipthV, Plin. H.N. 29.4 " (Lidell-Scott); "a physician who cures by anointing, an ointment-doctor, Cels. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 4, 1; Petr. 28, 3" (LS); "qui traite par les frictions, masseur" (Gaffiot).  ||  Alipta: "one who annoints (athletes), a trainer of wrestlers or other gymnasts" (OLD); " anointer: hence (cf. aleifw 1) trainer in gymnasia ... Lat. aliptes, bath-attendant, Juv. 6.422" (Lidell-Scott); "the manager in the school for wrestlers, who took care that the wrestlers anointed their bodies with unguents, in order to give them the necessary suppleness, and exercised them in the ring, master of wrestling, or of the ring: ut aliptae, virium et coloris rationem habere, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 15; geometres, pictor, aliptes, Juv. 3, 76; aliptâ egere, Cels. 1, 1" (LS); "celui qui frotte ou parfume les athltètes ou les baigneurs, masseur" (Gaffiot).

.med physical therapy, physiotherapy  iatralipsia, ae* f., cinêsitherapîa, ae* f. (Helf.), cinêsitherapeusia, ae* f. 

.med prosthesis  prothesis (Eg. D.L. 55: "prothesis cruralis")  < potius "prosthesis," si omnino accipiendum

.med pulse  (medical)  pulsus, ûs m. (Eg. D.L. 56)

.med quarantine

.med recuperate, get better (after sickness)  a morbo recreari, convalescere, revalescere

.med specialist  (doctor)  medicus in speciali disciplina versatus (Eg. S.L. 79)

.med symptom  symptôma, atis n. (Souter; Bonon. Acad. I, 310), signum morbi diagnosticum (Bonon. Acad. I, 307)

.med syringe, hypodermic needle  syringa hypodermica* (v. subcutanea*), syringa, ae f. (Veget.; Latham; Eg. S.L. 70, 75)  < Forc.: "syringa ... injectio, Veget. 1 Veterin. 28, 7.  Souter: "syringa: a hole for injection, hence an injection [eundum locum laudat]."

.med wheel-chair  sella subrotata, sella rotalis (Eg. S.L. 55)

.med x-ray  radius Roentgenianus (Eg. D.L. 33)

.mil base  (military)  statîva, orum n. pl., castra stativa n. pl. (Eg. S.L. 59), statio, onis f. (Eg. S.L. 35; Eg. S.L. 60: "stationem militum Gallorum"), statio militaris (Eg. S.L. 92);  (chemistry: opposite of acid)  corpus basicum (Pharm. Helv. [1872] v: "vis a nobis requisita acidorum et corporus basicorum satis accurate exquiri potest")

.mil bunker  subterraneum receptaculum loricatum (Eg. S.L. 47)

.mil civil war  bellum intestînum (Eg. S.L. 56), bellum civile (Eg. S.L. 56)

.mil detention facility, POW camp, concentration camp, prison camp  < campus captivis custodiendis (Eg. S.L. 79)

.mil mercenary  miles mercennarius (Eg. R.A. 87)

.mil navy  classis, is f., classis navalis (Eg. D.L. 58), classiarii, orum m. p. (Eg. S.L. 8), classis militaris (Eg. S.L. 27);  member of the navy  (miles) classicus (Eg. D.L. 27), classiarius, i m. (Eg. S.L. 8)

.mil pacifist, antiwar activist, opponent of war  belli osor, misopolemus, i* m., îrenista, ae* m.

.mil paratrooper  miles deciduus (Eg. D.L. 18, 38)

.mil recruit  subst.  (new soldier)  tîro miles (Cic. Phil. 11, 15, 39)

.mil reserves  (army, navy, etc.)  subsidiarii, orum m. pl.

.mil strategy  (military)  < res strategica (Eg. D.L. 58: "milites ... omnia loca quae rei strategicae interessent ... occupaverunt")

.mil1 air force  classis aëria (Eg. D.L. 32), classis aëronautica (Eg. S.L. 21)

.mil1 border patrol, border guard  miles limitaneus  (Eg. D.L. 31)

.mil1 coast guard, member of  miles litoreus (Eg. D.L. 43), custos litoris (Eg. D.L. 43)

.mony coin  numisma, atis n. (Eg. S.L. 57)

.mony coin: head (of coin)  pars adversa (Eg. S.L. 57)

.mony dollar  thalerus, i+ m. (Ducrue 231: "thalerorum hispanicorum"), dollarium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 22 )

.mony tail (of coin)  pars aversa (Eg. S.L. 57)

.msc accompany  (music)  succinere

.msc acoustic  (guitar, etc.)  anelectricus, a, um*

.msc band  (musical group)  aenatores, um m. pl. (Eg. D.L. 15), manus aeneatorum (Eg. S.L. 50)

.msc compose (music)  modos musicos facere (Ter.; Eg. S.L. 34)

.msc concert  concentus (mûsicus) (Eg. S.L. 34);  give a concert, perform a concert  concentum edere (Eg. S.L. 34)  < concentus polyphonicus (Eg. S.L. 99)

.msc concert hall, symphony hall  odêum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 34)

.msc conduct (orchestra)  moderari (Eg. S.L. 99: "Karajan in Petriana Baslicia Romae concentum polyphonicum moderatur")

.msc conductor (of orchestra or chorus)  mûsicês magister (Eg. S.L. 99)

.msc lyrics (words of song)  (cantici v. cantilênae) verba;  Hammerstein wrote the lyrics, Rogers wrote the music  Hammerstein cantici verba scripsit, haec Rogers modis musicis aptavit

.msc note  (in musical notation)  nota mûsica (Quint. 1, 12, 14)

.msc opera  fabula melica, drâma mûsicum (Eg. S.L. 39; Eg. L.D.I. 109), drâma melicum  < Melodrama (Eg. R.A. 50) perperam confictum videtur.  Quo modo distinguendum musical (e.g. Broadway musical) et opera?

.msc opera house  ôdêum, i n., theâtrum mûsicum (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

.msc orchestra  (group of musicians performing together)  sympônia, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 99: "fornices ac tholus ... vocibus ad symphoniam canentium resonuerunt"), symphoniaci, orum m. pl. (Eg. S.L. 99);  (parterre, main floor seating in auditorium or opera house)  ima cavea, orchêstra, ae f. (most appropriate for front part of main floor seating)

.msc orchestra member, musician in an orchestra  symphoníacus, i (Eg. S.L. 34)

.msr acre  iûgerum Anglicum

.msr centimeter  centimetrum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. xxiv)

.msr cubic meter  metrum cubicum (Eg. D.L. 50)

.msr gram  gramma, atis n. (Pharm. Nosocom. passim; cf. Pharm. Austr. 6: "e decigrammis ... et grammis"; ibid. 7: "decigrammata"; ibid.: "decigramma 1 ... cum decigrammis ... decigrammata"; Eg. S.L. 65)

.msr hectare  iûgerum decametricum*, hecatontachôrium, i* n., hecantontarea, ae* (Eg. S.L. 92)  < For iugerum decametricum, note the international tendency to adapt various traditional land measure names to the hectare: "The hectare is, by subsequent definition, equal to a djerib in Turkey, a jerib in Iran, a kung ch'ing in mainland China, a manzana in Argentina, and a bunder in the Netherlands" (EB s.v. hectare).

.msr inch  uncia, ae f. (Front.; Plin.)

.msr kilo(gram)  chiliogramma, atis* n. (Eg. D.L. 56)

.msr kilometer  chiliometrum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 21)

.msr liter  litra, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 397)

.msr meter  metrum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 422; Eg. D.L. 14; Eg. S.L. 41)

.msr metric system  mensûra decametrica* (v. dênaria)

.msr millimeter  millimetrum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. xxiv)

.msr pint  sextarius, i m.

.msr square kilometer  chiliómetrum quadratum (Eg. D.L. 34)

.mtg abstain  (not vote)  suffragiis ferendis abstinêre (Eg. S.L. 68)

.mtrl natural gas  methânum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 21), vapor accensibilis (v. combustilis*), gasium naturale (v. terrigenum) (Eg. S.L. 17: "cum gasio naturali seu terrigeno abundet")

.mtrl petroleum: drill (for oil)

.mtrl petroleum: oil rig, oil derrick

.narc addiction to drugs  toxicomania, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 16)

.narc cocaine  cocaïnum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 81; Eg. D.L. 16)

.narc drug  (addictive or narcotic)  medicamentum psychotrophicum (Eg. D.L. 16), venênum (Eg. D.L. 16; in its most general sense venenum refers to any substance "that powerfully affects or changes the condition of the body," LS), medicamentum stupefaciens (v. inebrians v. narcôticum v. voluptarium), medicamentum stupefactivus+ (Eg. S.L. 91), ebriâmen, inis n. (appropriate for both drugs and alcohol)

.narc drug addict  toxicomanês, is* m. (Eg. D.L. 16)  [cf. alcoholic] 

.narc hashish  sucus cannabinus (LRL), hasîsum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 16; Eg. S.L. 18; LRL)

.narc heroin  hêrôînum, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 16; Eg. S.L. 18)

.narc intoxicant, intoxicating substance  ebriâmen, inis n. (Tert. de Jejun. 9, of alcoholic drinks)

.narc intoxicate  inebriare

.narc marijuana  cannabis Indica (Pharm. Austr. 201: "herba cannabis Indicae: ... odor herbae, praesertim tritae aut paulum calefactae, est peculiaris narcoticus"), cannabis (accensibilis v. inebrians v. ebriôsa), folia cannabina n. pl., ? marihuâna, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 16; LRL)

.narc marijuana cigarette, reefer, joint  sigarellum* cannábinum, volûmen cannábinum

.narc morphine  morphinum, i* n. (Pharm. Nosocom. 31; Pharm. Austr. 246-47; Eg. D.L. 16; Eg. S.L. 18)

.narc narcotic  medicamentum narcoticum* (cf. Pharm. Austr. xv: "in simplicibus quibusdam sic dictis narcoticis vel heroicis")

.narc opium  opium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 16)

.narc snort coke, etc.  cf. pulvis sternutatorius (Pharm. Austr. 413)

.nucl atomic  atomicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 27);  atomic energy  vis atomica* (Eg. D.L. 28);  atomic radiation  radiationes atomicae* (Eg. D.L. 39)

.ofc office  (place where business is transacted, office building, white-collar work-place)  tractatorium, i n. (Sid.), statio, onis f. (Cod. Th.; Cod. Just.), taberna, ae f., sedes, is f. (with appropriate genitive), officiorum sedes (Eg. D.L. 21, 29);  (separate room or space for one or a few within larger work-place)  scriptorium, i+ n., musê(ol)um, i* n., cella, ae f., officiorum sedes (Eg. D.L. 22), officii sedes (Eg. S.L. 29: "generalis praectus exercitûs ... dum Matriti in officii sui sedem vehitur, est ex insidiis necatus"; Eg. S.L. 82: "cum ... ex aedibus suis ad officii sedem se conferret")

.off admiral  (mil.)  thalassarchus, i*, praefectus classis, imperator classis (LRL)

.off marines  manuballistarii classici m. p. (LRL)  < classiarii (Eg. S.L. 60)

.off officer (military)

.off rank

.off. army: general (lieutant-, major-, bridagier-), colonel (lieutenant-), major, captain, lieutenant (first and second), sergeant, corporal, private

.off. navy: admiral, commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant, ensign

.off0 general  subst. (military)  generalis praefectus exercitûs (Eg. D.L. 58: "Kenanus Evren, generalis praefectus primorum militiae, una cum generalibus praefectis exercitûs, classis navalis et aeriae ... est rerum potitus"; Eg. S.L. 28

.off1 major-general  praefectus legionum (LRL s.v. generale di divisione)

.off2 brigadier-general  praefectus cohortium (LRL s.v. generale di brigata)

.off3 colonel  (mil.)  chiliarchus, i m. (LRL), tribûnus militum (LRL, Eg. S.L. 30

.off4 major  (mil.)  centurio maior (LRL, Eg. S.L. 30

.off5 captain  (mil.)  centûrio, ônis m. (LRL)

.off6 lieutenant  (mil.)  succentûrio, ônis m. (LRL)

.off7 sergeant  (mil.)  decûrio, ônis m. (LRL)

.off8 corporal  (mil.)  optio, ônis m. (LRL, Eg. S.L. 30

.off9 private  (mil.)  miles gregarius (Eg. S.L. 30

.orch banjo  cithara Americâna

.orch brass: trumpet  tuba, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 49)

.orch clavichord  clavichordum+ pristinum (v. mensâle v. epitrapezium)

.orch guitar  cithara (Hispanica)

.orch harpsicord  clavicymbalum, i+ n.

.orch key  (of musical instrument)  pinn(ul)a (tactilis);  (of typewriter, computer)  malleolus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 88)

.orch lute  lautus, i+ m. (Latham; Maigne), testûdo, inis f. (in antiquity, any arch-shaped string instrument; applied to lute specifically since Renaissance)

.orch organ  (musical instrument)  organum, i n. (Aug.; Cass.), organum mûsicum (Eg. R.A. 61

.orch pianist  clavichordista, ae* m.  < plectrocymbalista* (Eg. S.L. 34)

.orch piano  clavichordum, i+ n.  < plectrocymbalum* (Eg. S.L. 33)

.orch sitar  cithara Indica

.orch strings: double-bass  contrabassus, i* m., fides statâria

.orch strings: violin  violînum, i* n., violîna, ae* f., fidicula, ae (*) f.  < fidicula violina (Eg. D.L. 45)

.orch winds: bassoon  fagottum, i* n., tibia gravísona (v. barýtona)

.orch winds: clarinet  clarinêta, ae* f., tibia unicalama 

.orch winds: flute  tibia obliqua

.orch winds: oboe  tibia Gallica (cf. LRL: tibia altisona Gallica), tibia bicalama* (cf. unicalamus)  ||  EB s.v. oboe: "Hautbois (French: 'high [i.e., loud] wood'), or oboe, was originally one of the names of the shawm, the violently powerful instrument of outdoor ceremonial.  The oboe proper (i.e., the orchestral instrument), however, was the mid-17th-century invention of two French court musicians."  EB s.v. bassoon: "The development of the bassoon, which is the bass voice of the woodwinds, is believed to have closely followed the reconstitution of the shawm as an oboe."

.orch winds: recorder  (musical instrument)  tibia recta (v. pristina)

.orch winds: reed (of wind instrument)  li(n)gula, ae f. (Plin. 16, 171)

.phlg archeological  angîologicus, a, um*, archaeologicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 17)

.phlg archeologist  angîologus, i* m., archaeologus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 23, 108)  < nonne "archaeologus" potius "classicist" sonare debet?)

.phlg archeology  angîologia, ae* f., archaeologia, ae* f.

.phlg classic, classical  classicus, a, um (Eg. L.D.I. 111: "praestantium auctorum, quos classicos dicimus"; Eg. R.A. 142: "Museum Gregorianum Profanum abundant artis operis, quae aetate 'classicâ,' quam dicunt, sunt fabre facta")

.phlg classicist  antiquarius, i m., antiquitatis studiosus (cf. Kopp 2: "Inter philologos etiam, aliosque qui antiquitatis studio tenentur, raro reperies veterum scripturarum curiosum"), palaeologus, i* m., antiquitatis studiosus (Eg. R.A. 48), rerum antiquarum perîtus (Eg. R.A. 57)

.phlg classics, classical studies  antiquitates (Graecae et Romanae) (f. pl.), philologia Graeca et Romana, palaeologia, ae* f.

.phlg excavate (archeology)  effodere (Eg. S.L. 93; Eg. R.A. 11: "in aedibus quarum parietinae sunt ex parte effossae")

.phlg excavations (archeologoical)  effosiones, um f. pl. (Eg. S.L. 23), fossiones, um f. pl. (Eg. R.A. 57 133)

.phlg literary studies  philologia, ae f.

.phlg paleographer  palaeographiae* perîtus (v. studiôsus), antiquarius, i m. (LS: "one that understands reading and copying ancient manuscripts, Cod. Th. 4, 8, 2; Aus. Ep. 16 al.")  < At antiquarius sonat etiam "one that is fond of or employs himself about antiquities" (LS), hoc est fere "classicist"; nescio igitur an hic sufficiat.  Palaeographus significare oportet "antiquus scriptor," vel "qui antiquo more scribit."

.phlg paleography  ars palaeographica*, palaeographia* critica (Kopp 3), ars antiquaria (LS: "the art of reading and copying ancient manuscripts, Hier. Ep. ad Flor. 5, 1"); cf. res diplomatica* (Mabillon, De re diplomatica; Kopp 3), diplomatica, ae* f. (Rabikauskas, Diplomatica pontificia)  < The term (res) diplomatica is often used as approximately synonymous with palaeographia; but when the terms are used precisely, diplomatica deals with official documents (such as deeds and charters), palaeographia with writings of all sorts.  ||  Palaeographia apud Montfauconium (qui videtur primum hoc vocabulo esse usus, OED s.v. palaeography) idem valet ac "vetus scriptura"; hoc videtur mihi vox palaeographia paene necessario significare, potius quam "veteris scripturae legendae disciplina."  Attamen vide huius vocabuli apud Kopp usum.  Kopp 2: "Neque enim ulla bonarum artium magis neglecta ... iacet quam palaeographia, cuius perexiguam partem vix emplectuntur necessitate coacti artis diplomaticae studiosi.  Inter philologos etiam, aliosque qui antiquitatis studio tenentur, raro reperies veterum scripturarum curiosum.  Quos tamen ipsos, si palaeographia non imbuti sunt, cum doctis analphabetis haud iniuria comparaveris."  Kopp 3: "Equidem ab initio rei diplomaticae tantum operam navavi ... Sed haecce palaestra cum nimis angusta mihi deinde videretur ... iam primum spatium minus actis circumscriptum finisbus quaesivi, maiora gravioraque amplexus.  Quo factum est u palaeographiae criticae condendae magnos susciperem labores, quaelibet excutiens scripta sive in marmore, sive in aere, sive in membrana, sive in papyro, sive in argilla, sive in quavis alia materia."  Everado Audrich, Institutiones antiquariae, quibus praesidia pro graecis latinisque scriptoribus, nummis et marmoribus facilius intelligendis proponuntur, ac plurima ad numerorum et vocum compendia ad chronologiam et palaeographiam spectantia accurate explicantur (Florentiae, 1756) [liber invenitur apud Univ. Cincinnati]

.phon dial  vb.

.phys air pressure, atmospheric pressure  aëris vis pressoria (Bonon. Acad. I, 311), aëris pression (Bonon. Acad. I, 312), atmosphaerae* pondus (Bonon. Acad. I, 311)

.phys atomic weight  pondus atomicum (Pharm. Austr. xx)

.phys big bang

.phys entropy

.phys equilibrium (physics)  aequilibrium, i n. (Gauss V, 35)

.phys gravity  (physics)  gravitas, âtis f. (Gauss V, 31; Eg. S.L. 81)

.phys magnet  magnês, êtis m.

.phys magnetic  magnêticus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 18)

.phys microwave  adj.  microcymaticus, a, um*

.phys neutron  neutrô, ônis* m. (Eg. D.L. 27)

.phys neutron bomb  pyrobolus* neutronicus* (Eg. D.L. 27)

.phys prism   adj.  prismaticus, a, um (Pharm. Austr. 10: "crystalli prismaticae")

.phys prismatic  prismaticus, a, um* (Gauss V, 34)

.phys quantum physics, quantum mechanics

.phys relativity  (physics)  relativitas, atis* f. (Eg. D.L. 45)

.plc curfew  ignitegium, i+ n., interdicta domuegressio* (Eg. D.L. 58), interdicta egressio e domo (Eg. D.L. 58);  a curfew was imposed  nocturna egressio e domibus vetita est (Eg. S.L. 30)

.plc detective  criminum vestigator, criminis detector (Eg. S.L. 64) [see also private investigator]

.plc electronic eavesdropping equipment, bug

.plc FBI  Corpus Vestigatorum Foederaticum;  FBI agent  foederaticus criminum vestigator  < Officium Foederatum Vestigatorium* (Eg. S.L. 26)

.plc national guard, Spanish guardia civil, Italian carabinieri, etc.  milites a publica tutela (Eg. D.L. 36; Eg. S.L. 109)

.plc plain-clothes policeman  tectus publicae securitatis custos (Eg. S.L. 82)

.plc policeman, police officer  publicae securitatis custos (Eg. D.L. 26, Eg. S.L. 72), biocôlŷta, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 26, Eg. S.L. 72)

.plc private investigator, private eye  privatus scelerum investigator (Eg. S.L. 64) [see also detective]

.plc security guard  securitatis custos (Eg. S.L. 106), securitatis tutor (Eg. S.L. 106)

.plc undercover officer, undercover police agent  tectus vigil (Eg. S.L. 108)

.plnt plant  planta, ae f., stirps, is f. (Eg. D.L. 34), vegetabile, is+ n., vegetale, is n.

.plnt plant kingdom  regnum vegetabile+ (Pharm. Austr. xvi)

.plnt sea-weed  alga, ae f.

.pol ballot  suffragium, i n., tabella, ae f.;  secret ballot  tacitum suffragium (Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 7);  place where ballots are counted  diribitorium (suffragiorum)

.pol ballot: rig ballots  suffragia consulto adulterare (Eg. S.L. 76)

.pol ballot-box  urna, ae f.

.pol ballot-counter  (suffragiorum) diribitor (Eg. S.L. 76)

.pol conservative  subst.  < rerum conservandarum fautor (Eg. D.L. 58)

.pol elect  eligere (Eg. D.L. 47)

.pol election  comitia (Eg. S.L. 41: "cum comitia habeantur creandis magistratibus"; Eg. S.L. 62: "civile imperium comitiis habitis recens est restitutum")

.pol election day  dies comitialis (Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3)

.pol electoral college  collêgium electôrum praesidialium  < Cf. use of elector in Latin for the electors of the Holy Roman Empire.

.pol extremist, radical  extremarum partium sectator (Eg. D.L. 26), extremarum partium fautor (Eg. S.L. 41)

.pol leftist  sinister (Eg. S.L. 67: "extremarum partium sinistrarum sectator")

.pol left-wing extremist  extremarum partium sinistrarum sectator (cf. Eg. D.L. 57: "extremarum partium dexterarum sectator")

.pol party (political)  partes, ium f. (Eg. D.L. 26), factio politica (Eg. D.L. 58), factio civica (Eg. S.L. 62)

.pol politician  cf. magistratus, ûs m.

.pol poll (public opinion)  dêmoscopia, ae* f.;  adj.  dêmoscopicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 76)

.pol presidential election  comitia praesidalia, comitia praesidi creando

.pol referendum  populi scitum

.pol right-wing extremist  extremarum partium dexterarum sectator (Eg. D.L. 57)

.pol suffrage, right to vote  suffragium, i n., ius suffragii, ius suffragii ferendi (Eg. S.L. 41)

.pol tabulate ballots, talley ballots  suffragia diribêre (Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1)

.pol vote  vb.  suffragium ferre (Eg. D.L. 47)

.pol voter  elector, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 41)

.pol voting  subst.  suffragii latio (Liv.; Eg. R.A. 41)

.pol voting machine 

.ppl black, negro  subst.  nigrîta, ae m., homo nigricolor (Eg. S.L. 61)

.ppl Freemason  Francomurarius, i m. (Eg. S.L. 54; Eg. R.A. 88)

.ppl Indian  (native habitant of the Americas)  Indus, i m. (Ducrue 222, 239: "nosto nauarcho, qui Indus erat Californicus"), Indus (Occidentalis v. Americâus), aborîgo (Americânus), autochton (Americânus) (Eg. D.L. 34: "authocthones, qui ea tenent loca et India solent appellari"; Eg. S.L. 20: "propter animos infestos et incursûs authocthonum advenae Norvegienses haud diu in regionibus illis manserunt")

.ppl Italian-American  Italamericanus, i m., Americanus origine Italus (cf. Eg. S.L. 7: "sunt autem maximam partem origine Scoti," of inhabitants of Falkland Islands)

.ppl native  subst. autochthôn, ônis m. (Eg. D.L. 7)

.ppl Sikh  Siccha, ae m.  < Sikiensis, is m. (Eg. S.L. 82).  Non quadrat -ensis, cum vox de loci nomine non derivetur.  EB: "The word Sikh is derived from the Pali sikkha or Sanskrit sisya, meaning "disciple.'"

.ppl white  subst.  (person of white race, Caucasian)  homo albicolor, homo albi coloris (Eg. D.L. 38)

.prim bronze age  aetas aenea (cf. Ov. M. 1, 89: aetas aurea; Ov. M. 1, 125: "aenea proles")

.prim golden age  aetas aurea (Ov. M. 1, 89)

.prim iron age  aetas ferrea (Eg. R.A. 11; cf. Ov. M. 1, 89 and 127)

.prim megalith  ? megalolithus, i* m.

.prim monolith  moles monolitha (Eg. R.A. 99, of an obelisk)

.prim neolithic  neolithus, a, um*, neolithicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 100: "aetatis neolithicae")

.prim paleolithic  palaeolithicus, a, um*

.prim stone age  aetas saxea (cf. aetas aurea, Ov. M. 1, 89)  [see also neolithic, paleolithic]

.pun condemn to death  capite damnare (Eg. S.L. 37)

.pun gas chamber  cella vaporis letalis  < venenato cella gasii plena (Eg. S.L. 70)

.pun hang (as means of death)  (aliquem) suspendio necare (Eg. S.L. 70)

.pun life imprisonment  vincula sempiterna (Eg. S.L. 37);  sentence to life imprisonment  vinculis sempiternis mandare (Eg. S.L. 37)

.pun lynch  vb. Lynchiano more supplicium sumere (Eg. S.L. 69), Lynchiano more trucidare (Eg. S.L. 83)

.punc exclamation point  signum exclamationis (Pharm. Austr. xxii)

.punc period  (punctuation mark)  punctum, i n.

.rac ghetto  (hist.: neighborhood to which Jewish were restricted in European cities)  saeptum Iudaeorum (v. Iudaicum), vîcus Iudaeorum (v. Iudaicum), vîcus clausus Iudaeorum (Eg. R.A. 105);  (U.S.: neighborhood of low-income blacks or immigrants)  vîcus nigritarum (v. convenarum v. pauperum)  [see also slum]

.rac minority  minor diversae stirpis plebs (Eg. D.L. 13)

.rac race  (classification of humans)  stirps, is f. (Eg. D.L. 10)

.rac racism  invidia (v. odium) (in alienas gentes, in nigritas, in Iudaeos, etc.)  < odium phyleticum* (Eg. D.L. 23)

.rac segregation, apartheid  nigrîtarum segregatio  < segregatio homninum coloratorum (Eg. S.L. 70)

.rac Semitic  Semiticus, a, um (Kopp 3: "modo ad litteratae scripturae familias cognatas, quarum stirpem Semiticam dicunt, spectent")

.rcrd album, disk, single

.rcrd speaker (stereo speaker, loudspeaker)  êchêa, orum (*) n. pl. (Vitr. 1, 1, 9 and 5, 5, 2 and 5, 5, 7 of metal sounding-plates used to amplify sound in theater; see Callebat Dict. 99; in modern sense: Lev.; Helf.), megalo­phô­num, i* n. (LRL; adjective megalofonoV, loud-sounding, is ancient Greek; cf. Mod. Gr. megafono, loudspeaker)  < LS: "êchêa, ôrum, n., vessels to increase the sound of the actors' voices in theatre, sounding-vessels, Vitr. 5, 5, 2 (1, 1, 9 written as Greek)."  Callebat Dict. 99: "caisse d'un instrument de musique; traduit par vasa aerea, il désigne les 'vases résonateurs.'"  Hilgers 177: echea are vasa aerea placed in theater for amplification of sound.  ||  Vitr. 1, 1, 9: "Item theatris vasa area ... quae Gracei echeia appellant, ad symphonias musicas sive concentûs componuntur ... uti vox scaenici ... aucta cum incremento clarior et suavior ad spectatorum perveniat aures."  Vitr. 5, 5, 7: "Cum autem ex solidis rebus theatra constituuntur, id est ex structura caementorum, lapide, marmore, quae sonare non possunt, tunc echeis hae rationes sunt explicandae.  Vitr. 5, 5, 8: "Multi etiam sollertes architecti, qui in oppidis non magnis theatra constituerunt, propter inopiam fictilibus doliis ita sonantibus electis hac ratiocinatione compositis perfecerunt utilissimos effectus."

.rel ecumenical  (of the entire Catholic Church)  oecûmenicus, a, um (esp. in phrase "concilium oecûmenicum");  (interfaith, promoting understanding and conversation between various faiths or denominations)  multarum (v. plurium v. diversarum) confessionum (v. sectarum) (gen. pl.), pluriconfessionalis, e*, qui ad confessiones (v. sectas) inter se conciliandas spectat, qui ad confessionum (v. sectarum) concordiam pertinet  < Oecumenicus (Eg. S.L. 10, of a meeting between Pope and Archbishop of Canterbury).  Concilium oecumenicum is one in which Roman Catholics from throughout the world participate, not one between representatives of various faiths.

.rel fundamentalist, fundamentalism

.rel pilgrim  sacer peregrînâtor, peregrînâtor religionis causâ (Eg. R.A. 119)

.rel pilgrimage  sacra peregrînatio (Eg. R.A. 106), peregrînâtio religionis erga (Erasmus)

.rel pray (religious)  (Deum v. Dominum) orare, Deum (v. Dominum) invocare, preces fundere (Eg. D.L. 33)

.rel save (eccl.)  salvâre (Vulg.; Hier.; Eg. L.D.I. 117)

.rel savior (eccl.)  salvâtor, ôris (Vulg.; Aug.; Eg. L.D.I. 117)

.rev assassin  sicarius, i m. (Eg. D.L. 7)

.rev coup d'état  subitanea rerum publicarum commutatio (Eg. D.L. 58), subitanea rerum conversio (Eg. S.L. 21), subitanea rerum mutatio (Eg. S.L. 60)

.rev demonstrate, engage in public protest  dissensionem demonstrare (Eg. S.L. 72); cf. concursum facere (Eg. S.L. 72: "nonnulli Libyes, dominationi tribuni militum Muammar Al-Ghedafi adversantes ... conglobati sunt ut dissensionem pacifice demonstrarent ... quo factum ut undecim Libyes, maximam partem scholastici, qui fecerant concursum, acciperent vulnere")

.rev demonstration, public protest  populi concursus (Ducrue 236: "ad evitandum populi concursum," on expulsion of the Jesuits)

.rev guerilla  bellator tectus (Eg. D.L. 48);  guerilla warfare  bellum tectum (Eg. D.L. 55)

.rev hijack (an airplane)  (aëronavem) vi abducere (Eg. D.L. 30)

.rev hijacker  pirata aërius (Eg. D.L. 30: "piraticam aeriam"), praedo aërius (Eg. S.L. 42)

.rev militant, rebel

.rev overturn  (political)  evertere (Eg. S.L. 30: "conglobati quidam milites ... rei publicae illius moderaturm everterunt")

.rev revolutionary, rebellious  seditiosus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 26), rerum evertendarum studiosus (Eg. D.L. 35), cupidus rerum commutandarum (Eg. S.L. 37)

.rev suicide bomber  tromocrata* sui interemptor (Eg. S.L. 59; cf. Eg. S.L. 109: "audaces manûs horum tromocratarum eo sunt periculosiores, quod ii sunt voluntarii sui interemptores, id est parati mortem sponte obire, quos sermone Iaponico kamikaze appellant")

.rev terrorist  tromocrata, ae* m. (Eg. D.L. 23);  terrorist attack  tromocratarum* ausus (Eg. D.L. 24)

.room bedroom  cubiculum (dormîtôrium), dormîtôrium, i n. (Plin. Ep.)

.room closet  cellula vestiaria

.room dining room for everyday use  triclinium cottidianum (Vitr. 6, 7, 2)

.room guest room  hospitale, is n. (Vitr. 6, 7, 4)

.room hallway, corridor, passageway  iter, itineris n. (Vitr. 6, 7, 1: "Graeci ... ab ianua introeuntibus itinera faciunt," tr. M.H. Morgan: "make passage-ways for people entering from the front door"; see Callebat Dict. 150, citing 11 uses of iter in this sense in Vitr.), andron, ônis m. (Vitr. 6, 7, 5; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 22: "interiacens andron parietem cubiculi hortique distinguit atque ita omnem sonum mediâ inanitate consumit"; Eg. S.L. 86; Eg. R.A. 143)  < For Vitruvius iter appears to be the ordinary and general term for a corridor or passageway, andron (which he uses only once) a special sort of passage corresponding to the the Greek mesauloV.  Vitr. 6, 7, 5: "Inter duo autem peristylia et hospitalia, itinera sunt, quae mesauloe dicuntur, quod inter duas aulas media sunt interposita; nostri autem eas andronas appellant.  Sed hoc valde est mirandum, nec enim graece nec latine potest id convenire.  Graeci enim andronas appellant oecus ubi convivia virilia solent esse, quod eo mulieres non accedunt." 

.room living room  exedrium, i n. (Cic.), oecus, i m. (Vitr.; Plin.), ? mediânum, i n. (Ulp., Dig. 9, 3, 5; Itala Luc. 22, 12; see PW Suppl. VI 386, ll. 30 et seq.)  < The word medianum was used in later antiquity (twice only, apparently) of a central room shared by a group of tenants on the same floor; it would thus be particularly appropriate of a living area shared by a group of roommates sharing an apartment.  ||  Ulp., Dig. 9, 3, 5: "Oportebit praetorem dare actionem in eum, ex cuius cubiculo vel exedra deiectum est, licet plures in eodem cenaculo habitent; quodsi ex mediano cenaculi quid deiectum sit, verius est omnes teneri."  Trans. Alan Watson (The Digest of Justinian): "Occasionally, however, provided it can be done without injustice to the plaintiff, the praetor acting in fairness ought rather to grant the action against the person from whose bedroom or sleeping quarters the thing was thrown, even though a number of people share the same lodging.  But if something is thrown from the middle of a lodging house, the better view is that all are liable."  ||  Forc. s.v. medianus: "Medianum ... absolute, substantivorum more, est media pars ... [affert locum Ulpani]  Al. leg. menianum."  ||  ThLL s.v. medianus, col. 525, ll. 23 et seq.: "nota de medio habitaculo, quod compluribus unam habitationem un privata domo in commune conducentibus pro communi cenaculo erat (cf. Herdlitczka, RE Suppl. VI 386, 30): Ulp dig 9, 3, 5, 2 quod si ex -o (F, apo tou mesou Bas.; cenaculi vel cenaculo add. cett.; 'al. meniano' Dirksen s.v.) quid deiectum, ... omnes teneri.  inde de cenaculo in deversorio publico: Itala Luc. 22, 12 (cod. a) ipse vobis ostendet maedianum stratum magnum (anagaion; cenaculum Vulg.  Gloss. media[ma]n[u]um andrewn).  cf. Marc. 14, 15 (cod. a) ill vobis ostendet locum -um stratum in superioribus magnum (gr. et Vulg. ut supra).  ||  PW loc. cit. ll. 30 et seq.: "With poorer people it could happen several would lodge in the same room, or that several would rent an apartment [Wohnung] together, Dig. 9, 3, 1, 10, which they could if needed divide up by rooms, the 'medianum,' or middle room, remaining common to provide access, Dig. 9, 3, 5, 2."  ||  OLD s.v. medianus: "the central part, middle" [affertur locus Ulpani] ||  Souter appears to be mistaken in defining medianum as a "dining room"; he perhaps misunderstood "cenaculum" in Ulpian as "dining room" (the etymological meaning, very rare) rather than "upper floor."  ||  LS non recte sellâria per "sitting room," ut videtur, interpretatur; vide OLD, cuius finitiones s.v. toilet attuli.

.rstr bar  taberna pôtôria, caupôna, ae f.;  (primarily for drinking beer)  taberna cervisiaria, zythopolium, i* n.  < Thermopolium (Eg. L.D.I. 106) should logically apply to a place where hot drinks are taken, a café or tea-shop.  Caupôna in the classical period is an inn; in later antiquity it often refers to a tavern for drinking (cite). 

.rstr café  thermopôlium, i n. (Plaut.; Eg. Eg. S.L. 40; Eg. L.D.I. 106), taberna cafeâria*

.rstr menu  index escarum (Eg. L.D.I. 83), index ciborum, index escarius

.rstr restaurant  popîna, ae f.  < caupona, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 77)

.rstr tip  ? pretiolum, i n., corollarium, i n., auctarium, i n.

.schl assignment  pensum (scholasticum)

.schl class  (a meeting of students with teacher)  schola, ae f. (Eg. L.D.I. 5: "scholis, quas minus Latine lectiones vel praelectiones appellant"), lectio, onis f. (Gauss VI, 49, of math course), praelectio, onis f. (Gauss VI, 37, of math course), auditio, onis f. [see also seminar];  (a series of such meetings, a course)  cursus acadêmicus (v. schôlasticus), scholae, arum f. pl., scholarum series;  (group of students in the same year)  classis acadêmica (v. scholastica) (Quint. 1, 2, 23: "[praeceptores] pueros in classes distribuerant");  (social class)  ordo, inis m., classis, is f.  < Hoc coniungendum cum Terentii articulo; disserendum de usu vocum lectio, praelectio.

.schl classroom  audîtôrium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 8; Eg. L.D.I. 104)

.schl course  see class

.schl elementary school  schola primaria, paedagôgîum, i n., ludus litterarum (Eg. D.L. 21)

.schl exam  exâmen, inis n. (Eg. L.D.I. 104) [see also test, pass];  take an exam  examen subire; 

.schl fail: fail an exam  examen ? , in examine ? improbari;  fail a course  cursum (scholarum v. scholasticum) ? , in cursu (scholarum v. scholastico) ? improbari

.schl grade  (letter or number indicating quality of student's work, Br. mark)  nota (scholastica v. academica), existimatio (scholastica v. academica), puncta, orum n. pl.;  get a perfect grade  omne punctum ferre;  what grade did you get?  quot puncta tulisti?  (level in school, e.g. first grade)  classis, is f., annus, i m.

.schl homework  pensum (domi faciendum v. absolvendum)

.schl lecture  see class

.schl pass: pass an exam  examen superare (v. evincere), in examine ? probari;  pass a course  cursum (scholarum v. scholasticum) superare (v. evincere), in cursu (scholarum v. scholastico) ? probari

.schl prep school, (French) lycée, (German) gymnasium  gymnasium, i n.

.schl school: where do you go to school (or college)?  ubi studia exerces? (Eg. L.D.I. 100)

.schl semester (academic)  semestre, is n. (Gauss VI, 37; Gauss VI, 49: "in lectionibus, quas proximo semestri hiberno habiturus sum")

.schl student  schôlasticus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 8), alumnus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 8), audîtor, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 97), studiôsus, i m. (Ducrue 246: "comitantibus patres Franciscanorum studiosis"; but usually with genitive of subject studied, or in phrase such as "doctrinae studiosus")

.schl teacher  (elementary)  ludi magister (Eg. D.L. 27)

.schl test, quiz  probatio, onis f., perîculum, i n., experîmentum, i n. [see also exam, pass]

.sci laboratory  officina (Eg. S.L. 83: "ingens officina rebus physices atomicae vestigandis experiundis"), laboratorium (Eg. S.L. 84, "uti vocant")

.sci science  physicê, ês f. (Eg. D.L. 19), naturales disciplinae (Eg. D.L. 25; Eg. R.A. 143: "sedes constituta Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum, id est naturalium disciplinarum"), philosophia naturalis (Gauss V, 32), scientia naturalis

.sci scientific  (of the natural sciences)  (of rigorous or methodical study)  scientificus, a, um (Boethius, translating episthmonikoV; Pharm. Austr. ix: "in selectione medicaminum ... prae ceteris rationes scientificae et clinica experientia consulta fuerint"; Eg. S.L. 68: "vestigationem scientificam, quam dicunt"), histôricus, a, um; cf. criticus, a, um

.sci scientific investigation or study  histôria, ae f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 62: "cum multa sint quae quamvis cottidiana videntur et vulgaria, proprietates tamen habent historiâ dignas")

.sci scientific name (of plant, animal)  nomen systematicum (Pharm. Austr. xiv: "identitas commemoratione nominis systematici plante aut animalis ... declaratur")

.sci scientist  naturae historicus (Bonon. Acad. I, 62; cf. 70: "nusquam tamen ab historicis descripti sunt," of certain rare stones), naturae scrutator (Bonon. Acad. I, 72), naturae speculator (Eg. S.L. 88), physiologus, i m., physicus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 45; Eg. S.L. 72),

.sci test tube  tubulus probatorius (Pharm. Austr. xxiv et passim), tubus vitreus

.sex semen  semen genitâle (v. virîle), ûrîna (genitâlis)

.sex sex  (fact of being male or female)  sexus, ûs m.;  (sexual intercourse)  venus, eris f., concubitus, ûs m. (Cels. 1, 1: "concubitus vero neque nimis concupiscendus, neque nimis pertimescendus est"), coitus, ûs m.

.sick AIDS  morbus AIDS, morbus litteris AIDS signatus, deficientis immunitatis morbus, syndromê* comparati defectûs immunitatis (Eg. S.L. 104)

.sick cancer  cancer, cri m. (Eg. D.L. 33), carcinôma, atis n., cancri morbus (Eg. S.L. 22)

.sick chicken pox  varicellae, arum* f. (in 19th c. medical treatises; see WC)

.sick diabetes  diabêtês, ae* m. (Anc. Gr. with this meaning)

.sick diarrhea  ventris fluor (Eg. D.L. 16)

.sick epidemic  epidêmia, ae f.;  a flu epidemic is reported to be sweeping Asia  Febris catarrhalis in Asia epidemice grassari dicitur  < Vide dissertationum titulos s.v. flu laudatos.

.sick flu  febris catarrhalis (epidêmica+), catarrha febrilis (epidêmica+), catarrhus epidêmicus+ (all in 18th- and 19th-cent. medical treatises; Helf.); (less precisely) febris, is f.  < Febris refers not only to elevated body temperature, but to febrile diseases generally.  ||  Dissertationum medicarum tituli: Bökel, Johann, Synopsis novi morbi quem plerique medicorum catarrhum febrilem, vel febrem catarrhosam vocant qui non solum Germaniam, sed poene universam Europam gravissime adflixit (Helmestadii, 1580).  Hahn, Johann Gottfried von, Febrium continuarum quae anno 1729 Vratislaviae populariter grassatae sunt recensio: occasione catarrhi febrilis per Europam epidemici adornata (Lipsiae, 1731).  Dern, Ludwig Christian, Disputatio inauguralis medica de febre catarrhali petechizante superioribus aliquot annis hic, in vicinia aliisque locis infesta atque epidemica (Giessae, 1732).  Juch, Hermann Paul, De febre catarrhali epidemia cum tussi et coryza complicata, mensibus vernalibus anni praeteriti in pluribus germaniae provinciis grassante (Erfordiae, 1743).  Bugnicourt, Jérôme Joseph, Dissertatio medica de affectu catarrhali epidemico anni 1775, quem Galli vulgo appellant la grippe (Montpellier, 1776).  Huggan, Andrew, Disputatio medica inauguralis, de catarrho epidemico, vel influenza, uti vulgo appellatur, prout, in India Occidentali, sese ostendit (Edinburgi, 1793).  Jancovius, Eduard Hermann, De febri catarrhali epidemica quae nomine influenze sub finem veris anni 1831 Lipsiam tenuit (Lipsiae, 1831).  Hubatka, Georg, Dissertatio ... catarrhi epidemici conspectum historicum (Wien, 1837).

.sick flue  febris epidêmia

.sick heart attack 

.sick heart trouble, heart problem, heart condition  cordis incommodum (Eg. S.L. 22, 76);  having heart trouble  cardiacus, a, um  < At vide LS s.v. cardiacus: "one who has heart-burn or stomach-ache."

.sick HIV  deficientis immunitatis pathogonum*, pathogonum* litteris HIV signatum

.sick malaria  febris palustris (LRL), helonosia, ae* f. (Mod. Gr., from eloV, marsh, and nosoV, disease), malaria, ae* f. (Helfer)  < malus aër (Eg. S.L. 28)  ||  < Febris intermittens (v. periodica) (saepe in librorum titulis, vide WC) est fortasse idem ac malaria.  Exstabat hic morbus antiquitus; sciendum quid audierit apud Hippocraten, alios.  EB s.v. malaria: "Malaria is one of the most ancient infections known. It was noted in some of the West's earliest medical records in the 5th century BC, when Hippocrates differentiated malarial fevers into three types according to their time cycles. It is not known when malaria first made its appearance in the Americas, but it is highly probable that it was a post-Columbian importation; some rather severe epidemics were first noted in 1493." ||  Haec ex interrete: "There was some malaria, however, and Hippocrates also mentions mumps, influenza, diptheria, and tuberculosis, but not measles, smallpox, or bubonic plague."  "Recurring fevers (usually malaria) were thought to be the result of some unresolved ailment or due to fatigue or a long journey."  "The ancient Greeks reasoned that bad smelling air caused disease.  They also identified the non-contagious mosquito-borne disease malaria ('bad air') and correctly associated it with foul-smelling swamps.  Thus, in many ways, the miasmatic theory was a way of classifying disease on the basis of non-causal phenomena."  "Many Latin writers attest that the disease malaria was widespread in ancient Italy.  It was believed to be caused by 'bad air' near swamps and marshes ... Accounts of travelers through the area of Lugnano, like that of the wealthy Gallic ambassador Sidonius Apollinaris who passed through this area in the summer of A.D. 467, describe difficulties with bad air, fevers, chills, sweats and thirst, all of which suggest malaria was present."  "In Epidemics [Hippocrates] observed pneumonia, pleurisy, tuberculosis, malaria and many other diseases."

.sick measles  morbilli, orum+ m. pl., rubeola, ae* f. (both terms in many 19th c. medical treatises; see WC)  < Variolae and morbilli are found in medical texts from as early as the 13th century (MLBS s.v. "morbilli" for cites containing both words); the words are normally used in the plural because they properly describe the pustules, etc., characteristic of these diseases.  MLBS quotes Bacon IX, 124: "aegritudines multae, scilicet ... variolae et morbilli."

.sick measles, German  rubella, ae* f.  < not in WC titles

.sick mumps  parotiditis, is* f.  < not in WC titles

.sick polio (disease)  poliomyelîtis, is (or idis)* f.

.sick rash  exanthêma, atis n.

.sick scarlet fever  scarlatîna, ae* f. (in many 18th and 19th c. medical treatises; see WC)

.sick smallpox  variolae, arum+ f. (in many 18th and 19th c. medical treatises; see WC)

.sick stroke  ictus cerebri, ictus sanguinis (Eg. S.L. 80)

.sick tuberculosis, consumption  phthisis, is f.

.sick virus  germen virosum, morbus virosus, pathogonum, i* n. (Mod. Gr. paqogonon)  < virus (Eg. S.L. 104)

.sick yellow fever  febris flava (in many 18th and 19th c. medical treatises; see WC)

.sing boys' choir

.sing choir  (group of singers)  (sacer) canentium chorus;  (section of church)  chorus, i (Goezler citing Isid.)

.sing chorus  canentium chorus (Eg. D.L. 15; Eg. S.L. 99)

.soc gang member  grassator gregarius

.soc homeless  subst.  tecto carentes (Eg. S.L. 86: "amplius ducenti homines, praesertim tecto carentes, intolerabili frigore mortui");  be homeless  tecto carêre (Eg. D.L. 32)

.soc homeless shelter, home for the indigent  hospitium pauperum, ptôchotrophium, i* n.

.soc society  hominum (v. humanus) convictus, societas humana, hominum consortio (Eg. S.L. 29; cf. Eg. S.L. 86: "propter horridem tempestatem ... pagi montani a ceterorum civium consortio sunt segregati")

.spic nutmeg  nux muscata (MLBS)

.spic oregano  origanum, i n. (Pharm. Austr. 210)

.spic peppermint  menta piperata (Pharm. Austr. 3; Pharm. Nosocom. 13)

.spic rosemary  ros marînus (Hor.; Col.; Pharm. Austr. 3: "foliorum rosmarini")

.spic sage  salvia, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 3)

.spic spearmint  menta spicâta

.spic spice  arôma, atis n. (Eg. S.L. 91)

.spic vanilla  vanilla, ae* f. (Pharm. Austr. 185)

.sprt Olympic  adj.  Olympicus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 77)

.sprt Olympic champion or victor  Olympionîces, ae m. (Eg. S.L. 18)

.sprt Olympics, Olympic Games  ludi Olympia, Olympia n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 12)

.sprt race-car

.sprt race-car: race-track, motor speedway

.stor clothing store  taberna vestiaria (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.stor drive-through (window)

.stor liquor store  ? têmêti taberna

.stor shopping cart, push-cart  chîromaxium, i n.

.stor store  taberna mercatoria (Eg. S.L. 48; Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.stor wine store  oenopolium, i n.

.store antique store  palaeopolium, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 105) [see also second-hand store]

.store delicatessen, grocery store selling delicacies  taberna cuppêdinâria

.store department store  pantopolium, i* n.  < Ampla rerum venalium domus (Eg. S.L. 103), amplissimae aedes mercatoriae (Eg. L.D.I. 105).  Licetne vocabula domus et aedes adhibere ubi de domicilio non agitur?

.store groceries  obsonia, orum n. pl.;  go grocery shopping  obsonare (or obsonari), obsonatum ire

.store grocery store, supermarket  macellum, i n. (Ter.; Cic.; Eg. R.A. 145: "macellum erat locus saeptus ... ubi pisces, carnes, omnis generis obsonia vendebantur")

.swet candy: a piece of candy  ? saccharidium, i* n., ? tragêma saccharinum* (v. saccharaceum*)

.swet halvah  sêsamîtês (or a), ae* (Anc. Gr., of a cake made of sesame seeds)

.swet candy bar  laterculus (mulsus v. dulcis)

.swet ice cream  glacies (dulcis v. mulsa v. edûlis v. esculenta), nix (dulcis v. mulsa v. edûlis v. esculenta);  chocolate (or vanilla or strawberry) ice cream  glacies e socolâta (v. vanilla v. fragis)

.food felafel  cicer frictum, insicium ciceris

.swet caramel  saccharum tostum (Pharm. Austr. 19)

.swet molasses  mellaceum, i (*) n. (LRL)  < Mellaceum occurs in late antiquity as a synonym for sapa, the sweet syrup obtained by boiling down new wine.   Romance derivatives of mellaceum (melassa, melaza, mélasse) were applied to molasses from at least the 17th century (see Littré s.v. mélasse).  ThLL: "i.q. sapa: Non. p. 551, 18 sapa, quod nunc ­-um dicitur, mustum ad mediam partem decoctum.  P.S. Soran, epist. 89 nutrix -um bibat."

.tbc cigar  sigârum, i* n., volûmen tabâci  < bacillum nicotianum (Eg. S.L. 107)

.tbc cigarette  sigarellum, i* n., bacillum tabâci  < fistula nicotiana (Eg. D.L. 56; Eg. S.L. 94).  The defining quality of fistula is its hollowness; the word is thus appropriate rather for a smoking pipe (in which sense fistula is found in 18th c.).

.tbc non-smoking section  pars ubi fumus hauriri vetatur (Eg. S.L. 107)

.tbc pipe (for smoking)  fumisugium, i* n., fistula (tabacaria*) (fistula of smoking-pipe in18th-century sources; tabacarius in Bartal);  (water)  fistula aquaria (Eg. D.L. 21)

.thtr act  (in play, film)  vb.  partem agere, scenicum agere (Eg. S.L. 22)

.thtr actor  actor (scenicus v. cinematographicus), scenicus, i m., histrio, ônis m., artifex scenicus (Cic. Arch. 5, 10)

.thtr actress  scênica, ae f., actrix scênica (Eg. S.L. 37), actrix (cinematographia)

.thtr decor (theater, opera)  apparatus scenicus (Eg. S.L. 39)

.thtr play  fabula scenica, fabula scênica, drâma, atis n. (Aus. Ep. 18, 15; Eg. R.A. 39)

.thtr supernumerary, extra  (film or theater)  muta persôna (Eg. S.L. 101)

.time o'clock:  it's seven o'clock  est hora septima (cf. Ducrue 249: "die 4 Aprilis post horam sextam matutinam cum viginti minutis tota terra per septem fere minuta ita contremuit...")

.time week  hebdomada, ae f. (Hier., Eg. S.L. 20), hebdomas, adis f., septimâna, ae f.

.time weekend  exiens hebdomada (v. hebdomas v. septimana), finiens hebdomada (Eg. S.L. 20), feriatum biduum

.trfc rush hour

.trfc traffic jam, traffic congestion, bottleneck

.trvl passport  commeatûs diplôma (Eg. S.L. 54; Eg. L.D.I. 108), liberi commeatûs diplôma (Eg. S.L. 89)

.tv television: Americans watch too much television

.tv video (clip)

.univ alumnus  quondam audîtor, olim audîtor (Eg. D.L. 18: "quidam olim auditores Universitatis studiorum Nihonianae")  < Such expressions must be used appositively.

.univ campus (college)  area acadêmica, (studiorum universitatis) campus (Eg. D.L. 8)

.univ college  acadêmia, ae f.  < Collegium appears to be name for community of Jesuits (usually including school).  "In hunc finem summo mane in omnibus civitatibus ubi Societas nostra collegium habebat, omnes calles quae ad calles quae ad collegium ducebant a numeroso milite occupatae fuere ... tum demum patres omnes ad sacellum domesticum vel ad triclinium convocabantur" (Ducrue 218 -- no mention of students in succeeding narrative)

.univ college (US: small institution offering university-level education)  acadêmia, ae f., athênaeum, i n.

.univ department (within college or university)  facultas, âtis (Rabikauskas, title page: "Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, Facultas Historiae Ecclesiasticae")

.univ freshman, first-year university or high-school student  tîrô acadêmicus (v. scholasticus) 

.univ professor  professor, ôris m., doctor, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 44)

.univ seminar

.univ university  acadêmia, ae f., studiorum universitas (Eg. D.L. 8), litterarum universitas (Schlegel, etc.), athênaeum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 22)

.utns appliances  instrumentum domesticum electricum (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

.utns bread-pan, cake-pan  artopta, ae f. (Plaut.)

.utns chopper (food)

.utns cooker: bread-maker  machina panifica

.utns cooker: microwave oven  clîbanus microcymaticus*  < The furnus of the ancients was a massive oven, similar to our pizza ovens; the clibanus was in contrast a small, portable oven (most often, but not always, used for bread).

.utns cooker: rice-cooker  coctorium (v. authepsa) oryzae (for coctorium see Souter)  < An authepsa (Cic.) is a "self-cooker" -- a cooking vessel that contains its own heating element and so does need to be set on a stove (Hilgers 118).

.utns cooker: samovar  authepsa Russica (Helf.; LRL), authepsa theâria

.utns cooker: slow-cooker, crockpot  coctorium tardum (v. lentum) (for coctorium see Souter), authepsa tarda (v. lenta), olla lentae cocturae destinata, bradyepsa, ae* f.  < An authepsa (Cic.) is a "self-cooker" -- a cooking vessel that contains its own heating element and so does need to be set on a stove (Hilgers 118).

.utns cooker: toaster  machina tostôria* (v. panis torrendi), tostôrium, i* n.

.utns cooker: toaster-oven  clîbanus tostorius*  < The furnus of the ancients was a massive oven much like our pizza ovens; the clibanus was in contrast a small, portable oven (most often, but not always, used for bread).

.utns cutlery, flatware, eating utensils (knives, forks and spoons)  ferramenta escaria (n. pl.)  < Escaria instrumenta (Bacci; Helf.) should logically extend to plates and dishes as well as cutlery.  Note that ferramentum may refer to steel as well as iron (see PW s.v. Stahl, ser. 2, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 2126, noting that ferrum often refers to steel).

.utns cutlery: fork  fuscinula, ae f. (Vulg. Exod. 27, 3 and several other times in Vulg., of an implement for altar; Eramus, of dinner fork; Helf.)

.utns cutlery: knife  culter, tri m., cultellus, i m.  < Culter is appropriate for a large knife, such as a butcher knife, the diminutive cultellus for a table knife.

.utns cutlery: knife: pocket knife  culter plicâtilis (Helf.)

.utns cutlery: spoon  li(n)gula, ae f., cochlear, âris n.  < The ancient cochlear appears to have been a very small spoon; as a measuring unit it was about one-third of our teaspoonful.

.utns cutlery: spoon: slotted spoon  trulla perforata (Lev.; Helf.), li(n)gula perforata 

.utns cutlery: spoon: spoonful  li(n)gula, ae f., cochlear, ris n., cochleârium, i n., li(n)gulae (v. cochleâris) mensûra (Plin. 20, 36: "duarum aut trium lingularum mensura");  heaping spoonful  cochlear cumulatum (Helf.), li(n)gula cumulata

.utns cutlery: spoon: tablespoon, soupspoon  coclear capâcius (Helf. citing Bauer), cochlear maius, li(n)gula maior (v. capâcior)

.utns cutlery: spoon: teaspoon  cochlear theârium* (Helf. citing Haas), cochlear minus, li(n)gula theâria (v. minor)

.utns food press  pressorium, i n.

.utns funnel  infundibulum, i n.

.utns grinder, food mill  mola, ae f. (with adj. or gen. of thing ground: cf. mola olearia, Varr. R.R. 1, 55)

.utns juicer, juice-maker  machina sucum pomis exprimendi

.utns sieve, strainer (wire-mesh)  côlum (reticulatum)  < The colum is for straining liquids, the cribrum for sifting solids (Hilgers 150 and 159).

.utns sieve: colander (for draining pasta, etc.)  côlum maius (v. statârium v. pastae sectili aptum)

.utns sieve: sifter (for flour, sugar)  crîbrum, i n., crîbrum farinarium (Cato, R.R. 76, 3; Plin. 18, 115: "cribro farinario subcernunt");  sift flour  farinam cribro cernere  < The colum is for straining liquids, the cribrum for sifting solids (Hilgers 150 and 159).

.veg pepper  (condiment)  piper, eris n.;  (vegetable)  piperîtis, is (or idis) f., capsicum, i* n.

.veg potato  batâta, ae* (16th and 17th cent., various spellings), mâlum (v. pomum) terrestre (v. terrae)  < tuber solani (Eg. S.L. 77)

.wear try on (garment)  experiri (Eg. L.D.I. 105: "velim experiri haec calceamenta")

.wpn aircraft carrier  navis aeroplanorum vectrix (Eg. D.L. 53)

.wpn anti-aircraft gun  tormentum bellicum contra aërios incursûs (Eg. S.L. 85)

.wpn bayonet  mucro Baionensis (Eg. S.L. 9), sica sclopetum praefixa (Ducrue 253: "viginti sex circiter milites, sicis sclopetis praefixis, nos exspectabant")

.wpn blow up, destroy (by bombs, dynamite)  delere (pyrobolis, dynamite), delere displosione* (Eg. S.L. 42: "dixerunt se aëronavem una cum insessoribus displosione deleturos")  < displodere (Eg. D.L. 50: "necesse fuit ut tria milia metrorum cubicorum saxei montis ope dynamitis disploderentur")

.wpn bullet  glans metallica (Eg. D.L. 26), glans plumbea (Eg. S.L. 65)

.wpn bulletproof glass  vitrum infragile (Eg. R.A. 130)

.wpn cannon (weapon)  bombarda, ae* f. (Valla; Erasmus), tormentum bellicum (Eg. D.L. 15; Eg. R.A. 80), tormentum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 12)

.wpn detonate, set off (a bomb, an explosive)  v.t.  displôdere (Eg. D.L. 40, 47)

.wpn explode, blow up  v.i. displôdi (Eg. D.L. 24: "pyrobolus erat displosus"; Eg. D.L. 30 "displosis subito pyrobolis ... flammae exarseurnt"; Eg. D.L. 47: "pyroboli hic et illic sunt displosi"), dirumpi (Eg. D.L. 48)

.wpn explosion  diruptio, ônis f. (Eg. S.L. 29: "autocinetum ... et automatarius currus exceptorius inter se sunt collisa: diruptio et fragor ingens sunt subsecuta")

.wpn explosive  adj.  < dirumpens (Eg. D.L. 29);  subst.  pulvis pyrius* (Eg. D.L. 31)  < materia displodens (Eg. D.L. 36; Eg. S.L. 59)

.wpn fire (gun)  explodere (Ducrue 259: "ut Beatissimam Virginem ... salutaturi, ea [sclopeta] non nisi admoto fomite explodere potuerimus")

.wpn grenade: hand grenade  pyrobolus manualis (Eg. S.L. 18)

.wpn gun  sclopêtum, i* n. (Ducrue 222), manuballista ignivoma (Eg. D.L. 36)

.wpn gunman, rifleman  manuballistârius (Eg. D.L. 27)

.wpn gunpowder  pulvis pyrius* (Ducrue 222; Bonon. Acad. I, 311; Eg. D.L. 31)

.wpn machine gun  polýbolus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 36; Eg. S.L. 29), manuballista autómata (Eg. S.L. 77  < arma automataria n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 27),)

.wpn mine  (place where minerals are extracted)  metallum, i n., fodîna, ae f.;  (explosive)  pyrobolus subaquaneus (v. subterraneus v. occultus v. sepultus v. terrâ obrutus)  land mine  pyrobolus subterraneus (v. terrâ obrutus)  < Cf. Eg. S.L. 8: "campi globis igniferis consiti, ubi nempe genus armorum est conditum quae incurrentium transitu disploduntur, haud paucis fatales fuerunt"; Eg. S.L. 78: "globis ignivomis sub aqua natantibus."

.wpn mine sweeper  navis globorum igniferorum everratrix (Eg. S.L. 78: "transeuntes, globis ignivomis sub aqua natantibus, haud levi damna ceperunt ... quam ob rem naves horum globorum everratrices ... eo sunt missae")

.wpn missile  missile, is n. (Eg. S.L. 56)

.wpn pistol, handgun, revolver  sclopêtum minus (Busbecq), manuballistula ignivoma (Eg. S.L. 52; Eg. R.A. 126)

.wpn rifle: hunting rifle  sclopêtum* venatorium, manuballista venatoria (Eg. S.L. 77)

.wpn shoot  v.t.  (with firearm)  glande metallicâ confodere (Eg. D.L. 26; Eg. S.L. 29), armis displosis perfodere (Eg. D.L. 31), manuballistis ignovomis perfodere (Eg. D.L. 36), plumbeâ glande interficere (Eg. S.L. 65), plumbeâ glande perfodere (Eg. S.L. 70); cf. plumbeâ glande petere (Eg. S.L. 77)

.wpn tank  (military vehicle)  currus cataphractus, currus loricatus (Eg. D.L. 58)

.wpn tear gas  vapor lacrimatorius (v. lacrimificus*)  < gasium lacrimogenum* (Eg. D.L. 26)

.writ ball-point pen  calamus praepilâtus  < graphium sphaeralis (Eg. S.L. 105)

.writ code, coded writing  cryptographia, ae* f. (Kopp 12: "cavendum est ne eorum decipiamur opinione qui notas Tironianas genus esse cryptographiae docent"; Rabikauskas 150), scriptura occulta (Rabikauskas 150), cifrae, arum+ f. pl. (Rabikauskas 151; Maigne; Latham s.v. cifra, noting this meaning under spelling zifera)  < Rabikauskas 150-151: "De usu cryptographiae in curia pontificia notitiae copiosiores tantum a saeculo XIV habentur.  In cancellaria Ioannis XXII usus scripturae occultae sat extensus erat.  Signa numeris sic dictis arabicis expressa non adhibebantur; [p. 151] potius ad permutationem diversimodam ipsarum litterararum alphabeti recurrebatur.  Postea ... evolutio systematum 'cifrae' valde increbruit, quae etiam in curia pontificia large applicabantur.  Iam saeculo XV cura litterarum 'cifratarum' uni e secratariis papae commissa est, qui a saeculo XVI cifarista appellabatur ... Opus principale de 'cifris,' in quo plurimae 'claves' cifrarum in curia pontificia saeculo XVI usitataturm evulgatae habentur, est A. Meister, Die Geheimschrift ... Auctor monet investigatores de erroribus qui in transcriptione e minuta in formam originalem cifratam et postea in eiusdem decifratione occurrere possunt."  ||  Maigne s.v. cifrae: "characteres occulti quibus arcana et quae ab aliis ignorari interest solent perscribi ac significari: chiffres, écriture secrète."

.writ coded document  scriptum furtivum (Eg. S.L. 60), scriptum cryptographicum*, scriptum cifratum* (for the adjective cifratus, see Rabikauskas 151)  < cryptogramma, atis* n. (Eg. S.L. 60)

.writ crayon

.writ cuneiform writing, cuneiform characters  litterae cuneatae (Kopp 2), litterae Persepolitânae (Kopp 2: "neque felicius cesserunt eorum studia qui in explicandis litteris Persepolitanis (cuneatas vocant) operam collocarunt"), litterae cuneiformes*  < The site of ancient Persepolis was perhaps the most important source of cuneiform inscriptions.

.writ hieroglyphic  nota hieroglyphica (Amm.), littera hieroglyphica (Macr.), hieroglypha, ae* f. (Kopp 2: "quae hieroglyphis involuta significavit ... prisca Aegyptus, ea tot saeculorum decursu vel nunc quidem manent, sed vim et potestatem eorum ne ullo quidem modo vel doctissimi adhuc perspicere valuerunt")

.writ illiterate  analphabetus, a, um* (Kopp 2)

.writ notebook  pugillâres, ium m. pl., adversaria, orum n. pl. (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

.writ pen-stroke  calami ductus (Kopp 12: "paucissimis calami ductibus ut scriptio absolveretur sine ulla dubitatione primus harum notarum (sc. Tironianarum) finis fuit")

.writ stenographer, one who writes in shorthand  tachygraphus, i* m. (Kopp 15 et passim)

.writ stenography, shorthand  tachygrahia, ae* f. (Kopp 3 et passim)

.ww2 fascist  subst.  Fascalis, is m. (Eg. R.A. 65: "tempore Fascalium"), qui fascibus restituendis favent (Eg. D.L. 57);  adj.  fascalis, e (Eg. S.L. 28: "Benedictus Mussolini, fascalis factionis dux")

.ww2 Nazi  Hitleriânus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 45; Eg. R.A. 112: "Hitleriani perperam hanc crucem usurparunt," of the swastika)

.ww2 swastika  crux uncinâta (Eg. R.A. 112)

.ww2 world war  bellum universale, bellum pancosmium* (Eg. S.L. 58: "in altero bello pancosmio"), bellum mundanum (Eg. R.A. 117, 65: "post alterum bellum mundanum")

.yard walkway, promenade, sidewalk (not right next to street)  ambulatio, onis f. (Eg. R.A. 93: "ambulatio arboribus opacata fert ad ecclesiam Trinitatis"), ambulacrum, i n., xystum, i n. (Vitr. 5, 11, 4 and 6, 7, 5; Cic.; Sen.: "in xysto maternorum hortorum inambulans"; Plin. Ep.; see Callebat Dict. 171), semita strata  < Xystum in Latin, as Vitruvius explains, is an uncovered walkway (though English translations often have "colon­nade," perhaps because of the definition in LS); the fairly numerous classical cites present the xystum as a feature of the landscaping around a wealthy Roman's villa, a promenade embellished with greenery and benches.  ||  Vitr. 5, 11, 4: "Haec autem porticus xystos apud Graecos vocitatur, quod athletae per hiberna tem­pora in tectis stadiis exercentur.  Proxime autem xystum et duplicem porticum, desig­nen­tur hypaethroe [hoc est, subdiales] ambulationes, quas Graeci paradromidas, nostri xysta appellant, in quas per hiemem ex xysto, sereno caelo, athletae prodeuntes exercentur.  Faciunda autem xysta sic videntur, ut sint inter duas porticus silvae aut platanones, et in his perficiantur inter arbores ambulationes ibique ex opere signino stationes."  Vitr. 6, 7, 5: "Xystos enim est graecâ appellatione porticus amplâ latitudine, in qua athletae per hiberna tempora exercentur; nostri autem hypaethrus ambulationes xysta appellant, quas Graeci paradromidas dicunt."  ||  Sen. Ira 3, 18, 4: "deinde [Caligula] adeo inpatiens fuit differendae voluptatis ... ut in xysto maternorum hortorum (qui porticum a ripa separat) inambulans quosdam ex illis cum matronis atque aliis senatoribus ad lucernam decollaret."

.yard watering-can  nassiterna (Cato; Plaut.; see Hilgers 230)  < Hilgers (230): "Gefäss für Wasser; gehört zum Gartengerät."

==Confucius  Confucius, i m.; Confucian  Confuciânus  < Confutsiânus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 10)

==Dante Alighieri  Dantes Alagherius (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

==Hitler  Hitlerus, i m. (C.S. Lewis);  adj.  Hitleriânus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 112)

==Leonardo da Vinci  Leonardus Vincius (Eg. R.A. 141)

==Maoist  Maotsetunganus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 37)

==Marxist  Marxianus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 26)

==Medici  (Florentine ruling family)  Medicês, is (acc. -ên) m.;  adj.  Medicêus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 132)

==Michelangelo  (Renaissance artist) Michaël Angelus Bonarrotius (Eg. D.L. 42);  adj.  Bonarrotianus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 60)

==Napoleon  Napoleon, ônis m. (Eg. R.A. 43, 73)

==Newton  Isaacus Neotonius (Eg. S.L. 40);  adj.  Neotonianus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 41)

==Raphael (Renaissance artist)  Raphaêl Sanctius (Raphaêlis Sanctii) (Eg. D.L. 42; Eg. R.A. 73, 141)

==Titian  (Renaissance artist)  Titiânus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 42; Eg. R.A. 24)

==William the Conqueror  Guilelmus Conquestor (20th Latin inscription at his tomb in Norman church)

 

A.D.  post Christum natum, aevi Christiani (gen.) (Eg. R.A. 75: "saeculo quarto aevi christiani"), anno salutis nostrae (Ducrue 217: "annus agebatur salutis nostrae millesimus septingentesimus sexagesimus septimus")

abbreviate  (vocabulum) compendiose perhibere ((Eg. R.A. 147: "nomina scriptorum veterum Latinorum compendiose perhibentur secundum morem qui in libris (et lexicis) eruditorum obtinet")

abbreviation  compendiariae litterae (Eg. D.L. 16; Eg. S.L. 31), scribendi compendium ((Eg. R.A. 147)

accident, disaster, catastrophe  casus calamitosus (Eg. D.L. 24), casus gravis (Eg. D.L. 55), casus acerbus (Eg. S.L. 11), calamitosus casus (Eg. S.L. 22), sinister casus (Eg. S.L. 80), casus tristissimus (Eg. S.L. 94), casus adversus (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

accountant  ratiôncinâtor, ôris m.

acid rain  pluvia acida (Eg. S.L. 90)

address  inscriptio cursualis (Eg. S.L. 75; Eg. L.D.I. 102)

air travel  navigatio per aethera (Eg. D.L. 30)

air-conditioner  instrumentum aëris temperandi  < instrumentum aëri temperando (Eg. D.L. 29; Eg. S.L. 33)

air-conditioning  temperatio aëris

airline  societas aëronautica (Eg. D.L. 31)

airplane  aëronavis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 9; Eg. R.A. 117), linter aëria (Eg. D.L. 9), vehiculum aërium (Eg. S.L. 11), aëroplanum, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 104)

airplane accident, airplane crash  casus aeronauticus* (Eg. D.L. 24)

airport  aëroportus, ûs m. (Eg. D.L. 7);  adj.  aëroportuensis, e (Eg. D.L. 31)

airtight  aëri impervius (Pharm. Austr. 191: "ne dispensetur gossypium depuratum nisi ... in capsis optime obturatis, aeri imperviis")

alarm  (device warning of danger, burglary, etc.)  vasculum monitorium (Eg. S.L. 44: "'polipeta' ille etiam vasculum secum ferebat monitorium edens tinnitum, quo beluas illas fugaret"), signum monitorium (Eg. S.L. 46: "sedes illa alto cingitur muro et instructa est ... signis monitoriis summo artificio confectis"), mêchanêma electroncium monitorium (Eg. S.L. 61);  (sound produced by such a device, by an alarm clock, etc.)  tinnîtus, ûs m.

alarm clock  horologium excitatorium* (16th cent. in Latham), excitabulum, i* n. (Budé in Hoven); cf. Eg. L.D.I. 100: "tintinnabulum insonuit, quod mihi somnum ademit"

alcove, niche, recess  zôthêca, ae f., aedicula, ae f. (Eg. R.A. 73

alley, narrow street  angiportus, ûs m. [see also side-street]

amateur  (alicuius rei) cultor voluptarius (Eg. D.L. 17: "rei archaeologicae cultor voluptarius"; Eg. D.L. 19: "physices cultor voluptarius"), voluptatis causâ (Eg. S.L. 23: "archaeologus voluptatis causâ")

ambulance  arcera (automata)  < arcera automataria (Eg. D.L. 10)

amphitheater (outdoor theater)  theâtrum subdiale, theâtrum Graecanicum

amusement park

anachronistically  ratione temporis neglectâ (abl. abs.) ((Eg. R.A. 137: "adiunctus est [imagini Leonis IV papae], ratione tempore neglectâ, Aeneas patrem Anchisen humeris portantem")

anchor, newscaster  locutor televisificus* (Eg. S.L. 36)

animal hospital, veterinarian's office

animal shelter

answering machine  machina responsoria

anthology  florilegium, i* n. (Hoven citing Erasmus)

aphrodisiac: have an aphrodisiac effect  venerem ciere (Plin. 20, 34: "sister ... urinam ciet, ut Ophion credit, et venerem")

apprentice  tiro, onis m (Eg. S.L. 45)

architrave  epistylium, i n.

archive  archîvum, i n., tabularium, i n. (especially of public archives or records office; Kopp 2: "cum peregrinas regiones perlustrarem, in tabulariorum custodes incidi quibus ne legere quidem per imperitiam liceret chartas curis ipsorum commissas")

archives (public), public records office  tabularium, i n., archîvum publicum

article  opusculum, i n., commentatio, onis f., symbola, ae f.

artificial  artificiosus, a, um (Eg. D.L. 55: "crus"; Eg. S.L. 74: "sermo"), arte factus (Eg. S.L. 32: "cor"), structilis (Eg. S.L. 50: "in structili lacu Nasseriano"), commenticius (Eg. S.L. 74: "sermo")

artificial heart  cor e re plastica (Eg. S.L. 32, cor arte facum (Eg. S.L. 32)

artificial lake  lacus structilis (Eg. D.L. 54)

artificial leg, prosthetic leg   prothesis cruralis, crus artificiosum (Eg. D.L. 55)

artist  pingendi (et scalpendi) artifex (cf. Eg. R.A. 78: "Ioannes Laurentius Bernini ... filius Petri, qui et ispe statuarius et pingendi artifex fuit"), ? artifex, icis m. (Eg. D.L. 11)

asphalt  bitûmen, inis n. (Eg. R.A. 83);  asphalt road or highway  via bitûmine illita (Eg. R.A. 83), via bitûminata

astronaut, cosmonaut  astronauta, ae* m. (Eg. S.L. 65), nauta sideralis (Eg. S.L. 14), cosmonauta, ae* m. (Eg. S.L. 81)

astronomer  astronomus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 20)

athlete  athleta, ae (Eg. D.L. 13);  (as participant in competition) agonista, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 14, Eg. S.L. 66)

athletic supporter, jockstrap  campestre, is n.

athletic, sports (adj.)  campester, ris, e; athlêticus, a, um; gymnicus, a, um

atmosphere  atmosphaera, ae* f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 293), aër terrae circumiectus (Eg. D.L. 48)

atoll  insula corallina, atollus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 39)  < insula corallica* (LRL)

attic  < Subtegulaneus, an adjective apparently used only once (Plin. 36, 185: "pavimenta"), is of uncertain meaning.

auction house  atrium auctionarium (Cic.), taberna (v. societas) auctionaria  < domus auctionaria (Eg. S.L. 92)

audience  theatrum, corona, auditores

audiovisual  < audivisificus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 57)

auditorium  audîtôrium maius, audîtôrium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 22)

autobiographer  vitae suae scriptor

autobiography, write one's  vitam suam scribere

autograph  autographa nominis scriptio (Eg. S.L. 56)

automobile accident, highway accident, car wreck  gravis casus autocineticus* (Eg. S.L. 20), sinister casus viarius (Eg. S.L. 80   )

avalanche  labîna, ae f. (Aug.; Souter)

avenue, boulevard  platea, ae f.

aviator  aëronauta, ae* m. (Eg. S.L. 33)

B.C.  ante Christum natum (Eg. R.A. 75)

babysitter  gerula, ae f., cunabularia, ae+ f.

backpack, rucksack  saccus dorsualis  < sacciperium dorsuale (Eg. D.L. 56; Eg. S.L. 65).  There is no reason to prefer here to saccus the hapax sacciperium (Plaut.), whose precise meaning is unclear (LS: "a pocket for carrying a purse"; or perhaps a pera made of sackcloth).

bad breath, halitosis  animae gravitas (Plin. 20, 91)

bad word, foul language  turpiloquium, i n.; cf. innupta verba (words not appropriate for polite company)

bag  bulga, ae f. (Eg. L.D.I. 104, of student's book bag)

baker  pistor, ôris m., furnarius, i m.

bakery  pistrîna, ae f.

balcony  maeniânum, i n., podium, i n.

banister, balustrade, railing with its supports (as along a staircase or balcony)  pluteus, i m. (Vitr. 4, 4, 1; Eg. R.A. 23: "a latere scalarum area [Capitolina] pluteis clauditur")

bank  argentaria, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 39; Eg. S.L. 54), mensa argentaria (Eg. D.L. 29)

barometer  barometrum, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 101)

barometric  barometricus, a, um* (Bonon. Acad. I, 309: "observationes meas barometricas")

bartender  caupo (or côpô), ônis, m., puer caupônius, caupôna, ae f., côpa, ae f.  < puer cauponarius (Eg. L.D.I. 83)

basement  hypogêum, i n.

battery  pyxis electrica (v. Voltaica), apparatus Voltaicus (Dissertatio physica de theoria elementi apparatus Voltaici, Groningae, 1835)  < pîla electrica (LRL; Helfer; Eg. S.L. 48), pîla Voltiana (Helfer), pîlarum series (Eg. S.L. 26).  Nineteenth-century Latin writers called the battery "columna Voltaica," "apparatus Voltaicus," after Volta, its inventor, or "columna electrica."  Volta himself apparently gave the battery the Italian name "pila" ("pile, stack"), to describe the "stack" of metal plates forming early batteries (see Grande Dizzionario della lingua italiana s.v. pila).  In Latin, however, pîla and columna (both meaning "column" or "pillar") do not describe well the variety of forms of contemporary batteries.  19th-century treatises: De conditione columnae Voltaicae electrostatica (Kiliae, 1840); Quae est origo verisimilior electricitatis in columna electrica, et qua ratione compositio decompositio corporum hujus ope obtinentur (Bruxellis, 1822); Utrum aqua per electricitatem columnae a celeberrimo Volta inventae in elementa sua dissolvatur? (Wittembergae, 1802); De electricitatis Galvanicae apparatu celeberrimi Volta excitae in corpora organica effectu (Upsala, 1802); Dissertatio physica de theoria elementi apparatus Voltaici (Groningae, 1835); De origine electricitatis Voltaicæ (Trajecti ad Mosam, 1836).

beach  acta, ae f. (Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 25: "in acta cum mulierculis iacebat ebrius"; Eg. D.L.  21), arenae litorales (Eg. D.L. 21), arena (maris v. litoris)

bed, go to  cubitum ire, dormîtum ire

bedspread

beginner, apprentice, recruit, rookie  tîrô, ônis m., tîrunculus, i m., tîruncula, ae f.

bell  campâna, ae f. (Dig. 41, 1, 12; Ducrue 218: "campanam pulsare"), aes sonans (cf. Eg. R.A. 23: "turris cuius aes tinnit perraro"), aes sacrum (church bell) (Eg. R.A. 128: "dum sacra aera omnium concinunt Urbis ecclesiarum"), tintinnabulum, i n. (small bell)

bet  sponsio

biased  cf. cupide (adv.), iudicio iam inclinato (abl. abs.) (Bonon. Acad. I, 294)

bibliography  bibliographia, ae* f. (Rabikauskas 3), index bibliographicus* (Rabikauskas 152)

bicycle  birota, ae f.

bill  (received monthy by mail)  menstrua ratio

billboard 

billionaire  miliardarius, i m. (Eg. D.L. 33)

binoculars, field glasses, opera glasses  perspicillum, i* n. (for citations, see telescope), geminatum perspicillum* (Eg. R.A. 58

biographer  vitarum (aliorum) scriptor, qui vitas aliorum scribit (Capitol. Macr. 1, 2: "sed eius qui vitas aliorum scribere orditur officium est digna cognitione perscribere")

bird-feeder 

birth-mark  genetiva nota (Suet. Aug. 80)

black-out  (large-scale power outage) electricitatis defectus;  New York suffered a black-out for several hours  vis electrica Novi Eboraci horas aliquot defecit;  (as during air raids)  luminum obscuratio (Eg. D.L. 60)

blacksmith  faber ferrarius (Plaut.)

blanket  strâgulum (laneum v. lecti), vestis stragula (lecti), lôdix, îcis f.  < Mart. 4, 148: "Lodices: Nudo stragula ne toro paterent, / Iunctae nos tibi venimus sorores"; trans. Shackleton Bailey (Loeb series, 1993): "Small bedspreads (lodices): Lest the blankets on your bare bed show, we have come to you; sisters joined in one"; note ad loc.: "the lodix was a small shaggy blanket"; trans. Giuseppe Norcio ("Classici latini" series, 1980: "coperte da letto [blankets]: Affinche le coperte non fossere stese sul nudo letto, siamo venute per te noi, sorelle unite"; note ad loc.: "Gli stragula erano grosse coperte di lana, che si stendevano sul letto; le lodice erano coperte piu leggere.  Augusto, per non prendere freddo, talvolta soleva coprirsi con una lodicula (cf. Suetonio, Aug. 83)."  Mart. 4, 147: "stragula villosa," translated by Shackleton Bailey "your shaggy blankets," by Norcio "le tue coperte da letto felpate."  

block letter, block capital  litttera quadrata (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

blood flow  sanguinis cursus (Eg. S.L. 32)

blood vessel  sanguinis vasculum (cf. Bonon. Acad. I, 310: "sanguinis circulum per tenuissima peripheriae vascula ... peragi")

boarding pass  scidula (aëronplani) conscendendi  < scidula conscensionalis* (Eg. S.L. 109: "ibi scidulas 'conscencionales,' id est quibus facultas datur aëronavem conscendendi, exspectabant")

bobsleigh, bobsled  trahea gubernabilis (Eg. D.L. 12)

bond  syngrapha, ae f. (Cic.)

bookbinder  bibliopegus, i m., libri (v. librorum) compactor

bookstore  bibliopolium, i n., taberna libraria

booth  tabernula, ae f.  < tabernaculum (Eg. S.L. 25: "tabernaculum exhibitorium," of booth at book fair); sed videtur semper tentorium significare: "licet ex pellibus tentoriis fiant" (Fest. p. 38)

borough (New York), arrondissement (Paris), Bezirk (Vienna), etc.  regio (urbis)

botanical garden  hortus botanicus (Eg. D.L. 34)

bouquet  (bunch of flowers)  florum fasciculus;  (characteristic aroma of wine)  flos vini (Plaut.; Lucr.)

box  (one of set of compartments for receving mail)  loculus, i m., loculamentum, i n.;  set of compartments or boxes  columbarium, i n.

boycott  vb.  (alicui) Boycotianâ ratione reniti (Eg. D.L. 52)

brakes  sufflamen, inis n. (Eg. S.L. 36; Eg. S.L. 43: "laxa sufflamen manuale")

brass  orichalcum, i n.

breakwater, (solid stone or earthen) pier  môles (v. agger v. aggeratio) portûs

bridegroom   nymphos, i m. (Souter citing Hier.)

broadcast  per aetheris undas dimittere (v. emittere)  < per aetheris undas transmittere (Eg. S.L. 72).  L.S.: "dimitto ... litteras per omnes provincias, Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 4; with which cf.: nuntios per agros, id. B. G. 6, 31, 2: librum per totam Italiam, Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 2: edicta per provincias, Suet. Galb. 10: certos per litora, Verg. A. 1, 577 et saep.: nuntios tota civitate Aeduorum, Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 9: nuntios in omnes partes, id. ib. 4, 19, 2 ; 4, 34, 5; cf. ib. 5, 49, 8."

bulldozer  currus propulsorius* (v. praelaminatus*)  < automatarius chamulcus fossorius (Eg. D.L. 20); chamulcus automatarius (Eg. D.L. 28)

bulletin board 

bull-fight  tauromachia, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 51: "spectatores ... ardentes tauromachiae, ad quam edendam plures tauromachi voluntarii in arenam descenderunt")

bull-fighter  tauromachus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 51)

burn: be burned (of person)  ustione sauciari (Eg. S.L. 83);  be burned to death  igne absumi (Eg. S.L. 83)

bus  currus publicus, currus longus, laophorium, i* n., leôphorîum, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 69)  < publica raeda (Eg. D.L. 16), vehiculum Pullmanianum (Eg. S.L. 17), longum vehiculum Pullmanianum (Eg. S.L. 20), autocinêtum Pullmanianum (Eg. S.L. 32)

business district  regio mercatoria (urbis) (Eg. D.L. 11)

bust  (sculpture)  effigies dimidiata (Eg. R.A. 24), facies marmorea (v. e gypso expresso) (Cic. cited by Goezler s.v. buste). ? herma, ae (*), superioris corporis effigies (v. signum)

busybody, pest  ardelio, onis m.

caesarean section  sectio caesarea (Eg. S.L. 79)

calculation, means of calculating, determination (of quantity or number)  calculus, i m. (Gauss VI, 27: "cum nonnullis adnotationibus circa calculum orbitarum parabolicarum"), computus, i m.

calculator  machina arithmetica (Leibniz), mechanema calculatorium (Eg. S.L. 88)

camera  (for still pictures)  machinula photographica (Eg. D.L. 49), instrumentum photographicum (Eg. S.L. 85)

cameraman  < rei cinematograhicae artifex (Eg. S.L. 101)

camp  (of hikers, trekkers, mountain-climbers)  stativa, orum n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 37)

camp, summer  rusticatio puerilis, castra (puerilia) aestiva, aestiva n. pl., colonia aestiva (Eg. S.L. 20: "ut vocant")

camper

campground  castra feriatica (v. feriatorum v. rusticantium)  < campus tentorius (Eg. D.L. 54).  A campground is not necessarily a flat and open space (campus).  Further, tentorius, which appears to be found only in the expression "pelles tentoriae" (Val. ap. Treb. Claud. 14; Fest. p. 38), is best understood to mean "which can be extended," or "used in extending (a tent)" -- the meaning to be expected for an adjective in -orius from tendere -- rather than "relating to a tentorium or tent."  Finally, campgrounds today generally host more camping vehicles than tents.  For castra in a non-military context, cf. its use in the Vulgate (and a tradition stemming from that use, e.g., Spinoza 308) of the camps of the wandering Hebrews, and in Livy (3, 52, 3) of the camp of the seceding plebs.

cancel  abrogare

candelabrum  candêlâbrum multiplex, lychnûchus multiplex

candlestick  candêlâbrum, i n.

capital  (architecture: of column)  capitulum, i n., capitellum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 21);  (city)  mêtropolis, is f., urbs caput, urbs princeps (Eg. D.L. 52), urbs regia (capital of kingdom) (Ducrue 221)

capital letter  grandis littera (Eg. R.A. 123)

capitalism  capitalismus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 84: "ratio opum 'capitalium,' id est 'capitalismus,' quem dicunt")  < ratio opium capitalium (Eg. S.L. 84)

capitol  (building in which U.S. Congress or state legislature meets)  cûria, ae f., parlamenti+ sedes, capitolium, i (*) n.

capsule  (medicine)  capsula, ae f. (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 83)

captain, skipper  (commander of ship)  nauclêrus, i m., navarchus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 19; Eg. R.A. 27), nauarchus, i m. (Ducrue 239), magister navis (Eg. S.L. 7)

car, automobile  autocinêtum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 7), raeda (automata), vehiculum, i n.;  (in train)  currus (hamaxostichi) (Eg. D.L. 20)  < automatarius currus (Eg. S.L. 26, Eg. S.L. 43); autoraeda. 

cardboard  charta densata (Eg. S.L. 69)

carpenter  faber tignarius (Cic.), artifex lignarius (Vulg. Isa. 44, 13)

carpet  tapete, peristroma

case (container, covering)  thêca, ae f.

cash register  arca, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 103)  < adiectivum addendum

casino  taberna aleatoria (Eg. S.L. 94), aleatorium, i (Sid.; Eg. S.L. 39)

cassette  capsella magnêtophônica* (Eg. S.L. 52)

caterer  cuppêdinârius, i m.

caverns  (long passages)  syringes, um, f. (LS: "caverns or subterraneous passages, Amm. 22, 15, 30; 17, 7, 11 al.")

ceiling  tectum, i n. (Cic.; Hor.; Eg. R.A. 27)

cement  (often used inexactly for concrete)  see concrete;  (as used properly, a powder mixed with aggregate to form concrete)  lithocolla, ae* f. (Anc. Gr.);  (any strong binding agent or glue, e.g., airplane cement)  ferrûmen, inis n.

centigrade temperature scale  cf. thermometrum centigradum (Pharm. Helv. [1872] vi: "thermometrum centigradum adhibuimus")

ceremony  sollemnitas, atis f., sollemne, is n. (Eg. S.L. 98: "sollemne est actum, cui Ioannes Carolus, res Hispaniae, praeerat")

championship  certamen ad principatum consequendum (Eg. S.L. 14: "certamina folle pedibusque ludentium ad principatum huius ludicrae exercitationis in orbe terrarum consequendum sunt edita")

chandelier  lychnûchus pensilis (Plin. 34, 14)

chapter  (division of book)  caput, itis n., capitulum, i n.

chassis, fuselage

chateau, castle

check-in counter, registration desk  < mensa ministrorum (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

cheerleader  ? celeustes, celeustria*

chess  scacci, orum+ m. pl., latrunculi, orum m. pl. (Eg. S.L. 55)

chessboard  tabula latruncularia (Eg. S.L. 55)

child prodigy  < puer perquam admirabilis (Eg. R.A. 26

child support, alimony  alimenta ...

chimney, smokestack  fumarium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 21)  < haec significatio antiqua?  quid de caminus?

chronicle  chronographia, ae* f. (Niermeyer; Latham)

chronicler, annalist  chronographus, i m. (Sid.; Eg. R.A. 106)

circumlocution  periphrasis, is f., circumlocutio, onis f.

circus 

city (as commercial center)  emporium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 10)

climate  (of entire region)  clima, atis n. (Ducrue 240: "neque alias domûs clima illud calidissimum permittit")

clock  horologium, i n., horae, arum f. pl.

coach, (athletic) trainer  magister palaestricus (Quint. 2, 8, 7: "sic discernet haec dicendi magister, quo modo palaestricus ille cursorem faciet aut pugilem aut luctatorem aliudve ex iis quae sunt sacrorum certaminum"), doctor palaestricus (Quint. 12, 2, 12), paedotriba, ae m.

cockpit

Coliseum  (ancient amphitheater in Rome)  amphitheatrum Flavium (Eg. R.A. 13), amphitheatrum Caesareum (Mart. Spect. 1, 6; Eg. R.A. 13), colisêum, i+ (Pseudo-Bede, P.L. 94, 543; Eg. R.A. 13);  (of other large stadiums or arenas)  see stadium, arena

collection  corpus, oris n. (Eg. L.D.I. 102: "corpus pittaciorum cursualium"), thesaurus, i m. (Goelzer)

collide, hit (each other)  (Eg. S.L. 29: "autocinetum ... et automatarius currus exceptorius inter se sunt collisa: diruptio et fragor ingens sunt subsecuta")

collision  collisus, ûs m. (Eg. D.L. 24: "collisu duarum aëronavium quingenti septuaginti septem vectores necopinata morte sunt interempti"), collisio, ônis f. ("collisione, ut videtur, unum ex autocinetis illis ignem concepit")

colony: a former French colony  regio olim sub dicione Gallica

color televsion  instrumentum têlevîsificum versicolor (Eg. L.D.I. 105)  < instrumentum televisificum coloratum (Eg. S.L. 15-16)

commando squad, special forces unit  manus audax (Eg. D.L. 27; Eg. D.L. 53: "mense Aprili hoc anno [1980] audax manus Americana clam petivit Iraniam, ut obsides, cives suos, Teherani detentos liberaret")

communist  coenônista, ae* m. (Nikitinski), communista, ae* m. (Eg. D.L. 55)

commuter train  hamaxostichus* suburbanus (Eg. D.L. 20)

company, corporation  societas mercatoria (Eg. D.L. 48)

compass  pyxis nautica, magnetica acus nautica (Eg. S.L. 102)

competitor  (athletic)  agonista, ae (Eg. D.L. 14, Eg. S.L. 66)

composition, paper (school)  scriptio, onis f. (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

computer  computatorium, i+ (Maigne: of place where computations are made), instrumentum computatorium* (Eg. D.L. 39), ? computorium+, ? computarium+, informaculum, i* n., ? logisterium (electronicum);  adj.  ? informacularis, e*, ? informaticus, a, um*  < computatrum, ordinatrum

conclusions (logical), inferences  consectaria, orum n. pl. (Cic.)

concrete  caementicium, i n., structura caementicia (meaning not "a concrete structure," but "concrete masonry"), ? structura caementorum (Vitr. 5, 3, 7);  reinforced concrete  caementicium ferratum  < Lithocolla (Eg. D.L. 50) is appropriate not for concrete, but for cement in its proper sense, a powder which, when mixed with aggregate (usually gravel and sand), forms concrete.  Coagmentum structile, (Eg. R.A. 65); calcestrum (Helfer).

conference room, seminar room  exedra, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 22)

congeal  in gelatinam coire (Pharm. Austr. 26)

contagious  contagiosus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 103: "morbi contagiosi")

context  adiuncta, orum n. pl., contextus, ûs m.  < Sed contextus paulo aliud significat.

continent  continens terra (Eg. D.L. 52)

contradict oneself  secum pugnare (Cic.; Hor.), pugnantia loqui (Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 13)

contradictory:  there were two contradictory accounts  duo sunt tradita inter se pugnantia (Eg. R.A. 32)

contribution  (of money, as to charity)  collecta, ae f., symbola, ae f.

control tower (airport)  turris inspectoria (Eg. D.L. 24)

cosmetics  faciei medicamenta (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

cost:  how much does it cost?  quanti constat (v. stat)? 

courier  verêdârius, i m.

crane  tollênô, ônis m. (Eg. D.L. 20)

crater  (volcanco)  crâtêr, êris m. (Plin., Ov., 23(Eg. S.L. )

credit card  lamella creditoria

crew  (flight crew)  aëronautae, arum m. pl. (Eg. S.L. 13)

cruise  circumvectare (Eg. S.L. 105)

culture  cultus humanus (Eg. D.L. 10; Eg. S.L. 34: "humano cultu perpolitus, elegans," of Arthur Rubinstein)

current, electric  fluxus electricus* (Eg. S.L. 33; fluor electricus* (Eg. S.L. 33)

curriculum vitae, c.v., résumé  curriculum vitae (Schopenhauer)  < The term means in Latin "the course of one's life and career"; it has been used since at least the early 19th-century in Latin of accounts of one's education and professional life, especially those submitted by job candidates.

customer  adventor, ôris m. [see also shopper]

customs  (office or check-point)  telônium, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

customs official  telônarius, i m.

cyclist  birotarius, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 45)

dam  obex (v. môles) lacûs, agger lacûs (Eg. S.L. 100: "rupto aggere lacûs structilis")

day-care center, child-care center  see nursery

dead-end street, cul-de-sac  fundula, ae f. (Varr. L.L. 5, 145)

decade  decennium, i n.

decathlon  decathlon, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 77)

deep, dark (of color)  intense (Pharm. Austr. 5: "colorem intense rubrum induit")

degree  (temperature measure)  (caloris) gradus (Eg. D.L. 18: "cum ergo dicimus hieme frigus esse trium graduum subtus zerum vel aestate calorem triginta gradus attingere"; Eg. D.L. 21: "thermometrum quinque gradûs subtus zerum numerum exhibuit"; Eg. S.L. 53: "mense Iulio 37 gradus supra zerum sunt numerati"; Eg. S.L. 86: "triginta septem gradûs subter zerum sunt numerati")

deliver (a letter)  (epistulam) perferre (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

delta  (alluvial land at mouth of river)  regio alluvia (ad fluminis ostium), trigônum alluvium (ad fluminis ostium), regio alluvie (v. alluvione) effecta, delta n. indecl. (in antiquity, only of Nile delta)  < Cf. Plin. 3, 121: "His se Padus miscet ac per haec effunditur, plerisque, ut in Aegypto Nilus quod vocant delta, triquetram figuram inter Alpes atque oram maris facere proditus."  Inveniam sine dubio aliquid apud geographos recentiores.

desert  plaga arida (Eg. S.L. 30: "plaga arida Saheliana")

design  vb.  describere (Eg. R.A. 128: "tholus ... descriptus est a Michaele Angelo")

detergent  lomentum vestiarium (v. textilibus aptum)  < smegma

diaphanous  diaphanus, a, um (Pharm. Austr. 19)

diary  acta diurna n. pl. (Eg. S.L. 46)

diesel oil  oleum Diselianum (Eg. S.L. 26)

digital  (opp. analog) 

dike, levee, embankment  agger fluminis (Eg. D.L. 24), agger maritimus (Busbecq), agger iuxta mare (v. flumen) exstructus, chôma, atis n., môles fluctibus opposita (Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14; LRL)

dining car (on train)  currus cenatorius (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

dining room  cenatio, onis f., triclinium, i n. (Ducrue 218, of refectory in Jesuit college)  < cenabulum

discipline (e.g., lack of discipline in schools)

display case  armarium vitreum (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

display, exhibit  vb.  propalam collocare (Cic. de Or. 1, 161: "et tamquam in aliquam locupletem ac refertam domum venerim, non explicatâ veste neque proposito argento neque tabulis et signis propalam collocatis"; Eg. R.A. 141)

diver  ûrînâtor, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 18)

dizziness  vertîgo, inis f.

dock, quay  crepîdo (maris v. fluminis)

doctrine  dogma, atis n., placitum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 55)

dome  hemisphaerium, i n. (Vitr. 5, 10, 5), tholus, i (Eg. S.L. 99; Eg. R.A. 73: "Moles formâ cylindratâ excrescit in tholum peramplum," of Pantheon)

door-to-door  ostiatim

downtown area, city center  media urbs, umbilîcus urbis

draft  adumbratio, onis f., litûrârii, orum m. pl., adumbratum exemplum (Eg. S.L. 67)

drawer  loculus (reciprocus)

drinkable  potabilis, e, potu saluber (Eg. S.L. 63)

driver  (of car)  autocinêtista, ae* m. (Eg. D.L. 60; Eg. S.L. 86), raedarius, i m. (Eg. S.L. 29, of driver of military general's car), vehiculi (v. autocinêti v. raedae) rector

drivers license  diplôma autocinêti regendi, diplôma gubernandi

driveway

dropper  ? tubulus defluctorius (Pharm. Austr. xxiv: "ad dinumerationem guttarum aliquid adhibeatur apparatus proprius ... tubulo defluctorio instructus ... ita ut praebeat temperatura 15 graduum guttas viginti respondetes grammati aquae destillatae")

drought  siccitas, atis f. (Eg. S.L. 53), aquarum penuria (Eg. S.L. 53)

duty (tax on export or import of goods)  portorium, i n.

duty-free  immûnis portoriorum (Liv. 38, 14), immûnis (Eg. L.D.I. 108: "in ampla taberna mercatoria aëroportuensi res immunes coemi possunt")

dynamite  dynamites, is* (Eg. D.L. 29)

early  (of an early historical period)  prîmaevus, a, um (Niermayer, citing the meaning "primitive, primordial" as late ancient; Eg. R.A. 52: "altare in quo ... primaevi pontifices sacris litaverunt")

earplug  auris obturamentum

earthquake: epicenter  epicentrum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 40)

earthquake: there was an earthquake, an earthquake occurred  terra contremuit (Ducrue 249), terra movit (v. tremuit)

eaves, roof overhang  suggrunda, ae f.

ecological, environmental  oecologicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 31); cf. geôcosmius, a, um*

ecologist  oecologus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 21)

ecology  [see also environment]  oecologia, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 41; Eg. S.L. 33)

ecology: environment  ? naturalis ambitus (Eg. S.L. 90), ? circumiecta nâtûra (Eg. R.A. 110); ? cf. alma terra (Lucr. 2, 992), (haec v. hominum v. humani generis) terraquea* sedes (v. mansio), (hoc v. hominum v. humani generis) tellustre habitaculum, geôcosmus* (17th cent.; for formation, cf. Anc. Gr. pagkosmoV)

ecology: nature  (the non-man-made physical world, the earth and its features as contrasted with man's works)  ? rerum natura (Eg. S.L. 21: "qui non suffragetur oecologis, qui strenue conituntur ut rerum natura ab interitu servetur?")   I love nature   iuvat rusticari, libenter in silvis ac campis versor

ecstasy, euphoria  elatio voluptaria (Cic. Fin. 3, 10, 35)

electric (generating) plant  ergasterium electridi* gignendae (Eg. D.L. 54)

electrician  faber electricus

electricity  electris, idis* f. (Eg. D.L. 35), electricitas, atis* f., vis electrica* (Eg. D.L. 35)

electricity: generate electricity  electridem gignere (Eg. D.L. 35)

electricity: generating plant, power plant  sedes electridi gignendae (Eg. S.L. 31)

electrocute  ictu electrico* exanimare (Eg. S.L. 94)

electronic  electrônicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 38)

elevated  (e.g., railway, house on stilts)  suspensus, a, um, pensilis, e

elevator, lift  cella scansoria (Eg. S.L. 33)  < Anabathrum (Eg. D.L. 22; Eg. R.A. 14), as would be expected from other derivatives of the verb anabanein, refers to a raised seat or platform, not a device for raising.  It is defined specifically as "a raised seat or chair" in ancient Greek (Lidell-Scott), as "an elevated place for beholding public games" in classical Latin (Juv. 7, 46), and as a platform or an elevated situation in medieval and modern Latin (Ducange; Bartal).  Ducange: "anabathrum, gradus, dignitas."

embalmer  [see also undertaker]  pollictor, ôris m.

embroidered  acu pictus (Eg. S.L. 51)

emerald  smaragdus, i m.

encyclopedia  libri encyclopaedici*, encyclopaedia, ae* f.

endorse (check)  ... opisthographus

energetic  vegetus, alacer, ardens

energy  (vigor, power displayed or latent)  vis, vis f., vires, um f. pl., vigor, ôris m., alacritas, âtis f., ardor, ôris m.  I hardly have the energy to walk up a flight of stairs  vix vires mihi ad scalas enitendas suppetunt;  I don't have any energy  langueo;  (physics: a body's power to do work)  energîa, ae f.;  (energy-producing fuels) see FUEL;  conserve energy  machinarum alimoniae parcere;   energy shortage  machinarum alimoniae inopia    < alimentum energiae (Eg. S.L. 17), copiae energiae (Eg. S.L. 68)

engineer  ? mechanicus  < doctor machinarius (Eg. D.L. 42; Eg. S.L. 42)

engraving, print (from metal plate), plate (in book)  tabula aeri incîsa (Schlegel, etc.; frequent from 18th cent.)  < scalptura (Eg. R.A. 142)

entertainer, performer  âcroâma, atis n.

envelope  involûcrum, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

epitaph  (inscription on tombstone)  elogium, i n. (Cic.; Eg. R.A. 132)

erupt  (of volcano)  flammas evomere (Eg. S.L. 40; Eg. S.L. 48: "Aetna ignium rivos evomens vix potest domari")

eruption  (of volcano)  ignium eruptio (Eg. S.L. 107: "propter ignium eruptionem in vicino vulcano")

essay  tractatio, onis f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 311)

etymology  etymologia, ae f., (verborum) originatio (Quint. 1, 6, 28; Eg. R.A. 67: "non est qui has probet originationes"), verborum (v. verbi alicuius) origo (Quint. loc. cit.), nominum (v. nominis alicuius) origo (Isid. Etym. 10, 1);  What's the etymology of lucus?  Unde lucus originem ducit?   Isidore gives caelo beatus as the etymology of caelebs  Isidorus caelebs a verbis caelo beatus derivat  < Quintilian (1, 6, 28) lists Latin terms for etymology: "Etymologia, quae verborum originem inquirit, a Cicerone dicta est 'notatio,' quia nomen eius apud Aristotelen invenitur sumbolon, quod est 'nota.'  Nam verbum ex verbo ductum, id est 'veriloquium,' ipse Cicero qui finxit reformidat.  Sunt qui vim potius intuiti 'originationem' vocent."  Cic. Top. 2, 10: "tum notatio, cum ex vi verbi argumentum aliquid elicitur."  Cic. Top. 8, 35: "multa etiam ex notatione sumuntur.  Ea est autem, cum ex vi nominis argumentum elicitur: quam Graeci etumologian vocant, id est verbum e verbo, 'veriloquium.'"  Isid. Etym. 10, 1: "Origo quorundam nominum, id est unde veniant, non paene omnibus patet."

eulogy, funeral oration  epitaphium, i n.

euphoria  < euphoria, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 16)

exaggerate  amplificare (Bonon. Acad. I, 291-292: "verendum est ne homines ... consternati sua sibi pericula amplificaverint")

exhibit (in museum)  exhibitio, onis f. (Eg. S.L. 57)

exotic

expensive  carus;  it's expensive  magno constat (v. stat)

eye: with the naked eye  nudis oculis (abl.) (Gauss VI, 27: "cometa nudis quoque oculis valde conspicuus fuit")

factory  ergastêrium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 16), fabrica, ae f.  < sedes bonis gignendis (Eg. R.A. 20)

fair  subst.  (periodic gathering of buyer and sellers)  nundinae, arum f. (Leibnitz, of Frankfurt book fair), mercatus, ûs m. (Eg. S.L. 24: "mercatus librarius internationlis," also of Frankfurt book fair);  (exhibition of products or art, industry, science or agriculture, often with entertainment, as state fair, world's fair)

fairground  campus nundinarius, area nundinaria

fake  commenticius, a, um

fan  (admirer)  admirator studiosissimus (Eg. S.L. 34), fautor (Eg. S.L. 96)

fan  (hand-held fanning device)  (mechanical fanning device)

fare  (price of travel by boat or plane)  naulum, i n., vectûra, ae f.

farmers' market, open-air fruit and vegetable market  forum olitorium

fax  exemplar teletypicum*

fence  vb.  battuere (Suet. Calig. 54)

fence: sit on the fence  duabus sellis sedêre (Laber. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 18)

fencing, escrime  ars battuendi, battualia, ium n. pl., ars gladiatoria (Eg. S.L. 18)

fencing: foil  (fencing)  rudis, gladius praepilatus

fiber, filament  fibrilla, ae* f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 304)

figure skating  certamen ferrearum solearum artificiosum (Eg. D.L. 15), ludus artificiosus solearum ferratarum (Eg. S.L. 66)

film, movie  spectaculum cinematographicum (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

fire extinguisher: cf. materia chemica* exstinctoria (Eg. S.L. 33)

fire hydrant  sîpho, ônis m.

firecracker  < parvus pyrobolus chartaceus (Eg. R.A. 128)

fireman, firefighter  siphonarius, i m. (Eg. D.L. 26)

fireworks display  spectaculum pyrotechnicum* (Eg. D.L. 48)

first place: win first place  primas ferre (Eg. D.L. 14)

fiscal year  annus rationarius (see Souter for adj. rationarius)

fit: these shoes fit  hi calcei sunt apti ad pedes (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

fizzy  spumans, spumosus, a, um

flaky  flocculosus (Pharm. Austr. 19 et passim)

flashlight  manuale lampadium electricum (Eg. D.L. 29)

flea market  forum scrûtârium (Eg. R.A. 120), mercatus scrûtârius (v. scrûtôrum)

fleet of airplanes  classis aëronautica* (cf. classicula aëronautica, Eg. S.L. 106)

flight  (airplane)  volatus, ûs m. (Eg. D.L. 10), cursus aërius (Eg. D.L. 31)

flight attendant, stewardess  hospes aëronauticus, hospita aëronautica (Eg. D.L. 32), minister aëronauticus (Eg. D.L. 35), adiutrix vectorum (Eg. S.L. 99)

floor, story  tabulatum, i n., contignatio, ônis f. (Eg. D.L. 59)  < tabulamentum (Eg. D.L. 59)

flying, air travel  aërium iter (Eg. L.D.I. 107: "aërium iter multos delectat")

fly-swatter  muscarium, i n. (Mart.)

folding chair  sellula plicatilis (Eg. S.L. 85-86)

font  (type font)  typorum (v. formularum) series (v. genus)

foot: set foot  vestigium facere

foreign  exoticus, a, um (esp. of food, goods) 

foreman  (in charge of workers)  opificum praefectus (v. magister);  (of jury)  iuratorum praefectus, iurator primarius

form (document with blanks to fill in)  formula, ae f. (Eg. L.D.I. 102), schida formularia*;  (grammatical form of word)  figura, ae f. (Varr.; Quint.)

formal, dressy (of clothes)  lautus, a, um

formaldehyde  formaldehydum, i* n. (Pharm. Austr. 172)

former  olim (with a noun used appositively) (Eg. D.L. 30: "Bertholdus Ohlin, olim Regni Suetici ab oeconomicis negotiis administer"; Eg. S.L. 37: "Zhang Chin-qiao, praedicti praesidis olim vicarium")

former: ex-wife, ex-president, etc.  < cf. alumnus

fortunately  (applying to entire thought or sentence)  accidit (v. contigit v. factum est) feliciter ut ..., ? forte fortunâ (Eg. R.A. 58: "cuius musiva sunt forte fortunâ servata")  < Feliciter modifies the verb directly, not the thought generally; thus, "feliciter enixa est prolem masculam" means: "she successfully gave birth to a boy," not: "fortunately, she give birth to a boy."

fortunately: unfortunately  (applying to entire thought or sentence)  accidit (v. factum est) infeliciter ut ..., fato dolendo (abl.), quod dolet (v. dolendum est), (e)heu (Plaut.; Ter.), pro(h) dolor (Stat., Theb. 1, 76-78; Cypr.; Aus.; Hier.).  < Infeliciter modifies the verb directly, not the thought generally; thus, "infeliciter iter faciam cras" means: "I'll make an ill-starred trip tomorrow, not: "unfortunately, I'll be travelling tomorrow." ||  Note that pro dolor is an interjection, conveying an intensity of emotion not generally present in our "unfortunately."  In ThLL (s.v. dolor, col. 1846 ll. 3 et seq.), the only classical citation for the experssion "pro dolor" is Stat. Theb. 1, 77 [neque alium locum ullum inveni perquisitione informatica]; ten post-classical authors are given (including Cyprian, Ausonius, Jerome, Sidonius, and Cassiodorus).  In the PL database, "pro dolor" is very frequent, from the ancient Church Fathers on.  The context usually suggests a real outburst of emotion, as the following examples indicate.  ||  Stat. Theb. 1, 76-78: "quin ecce superbo, / pro dolor! et nostro iamdudum funere reges / insultant tenebris gemitusque odere paternos."  ||  Hier., Ep., PL 22, 597 (on the death of a young Christian woman): "Ubi nunc decora illa facies, ubi totius corporis dignitas, quo veluti pulchro indumento, pulchritudo animae vestiebatur?  Marcescebat, proh dolor, flante austro lilium, et purpura violae in pallorem sensim migrabat."  || Aug., Serm., PL 39, 1836: "Interea crescunt cum vitiis augmenta famis, et peccata matrum cadavera appetunt filiorum, et alternis vicibus mulieres duae suos natos devorare disponunt.  Proh dolor!  In cibum pietas vertitur, in pabulum suscepta soboles commutatur." ||  Beda, Hist. Eccl. ch. 1, PL 95, 80-81: "Dicunt .... ipsum Gregorium inter alios advenisse, ac vidisse inter alia pueros venales positos, candidi corporis, ac venusti vultus, capillorum quoque forma egregia.  Quos cum aspiceret, interrogavit, ut aiunt, de qua regione vel terra essent adlati.  Dictumque est quod de Brittania insula, cujus incolae talis essent aspectus.  Rursus interrogavit utrum iidem insulani, Christiani, an paganis adhuc erroribus essent implicati.  Dictumque est quod essent pagani.  At ille intimo ex corde longa trahens suspiria: 'Heu, proh dolor! inquit, quod tam lucidi vultus homines tenebrarum auctor possidet, tantaque gratia frontispicii mentem ab interna gratia vacuam gestat!'" ||  Liutprandus, Hist. Gestorum, PL 136, 792: "Sed oculto, et quoniam secus esse non potest justo Dei juditio, viginti tantum Saraceni lintre parvula ex Hispania egressi, nolentes istuc vento delati sunt.  Qui piratae noctu egressi, villamque clam ingressi, christicolas, pro dolor! jugulant, locumque sibi proprium vendicant." ||  Carolingian Capitularies, PL 97, 486: "Incestuosi, parricidae, homicidae multi apud nos, heu pro dolor! repperiuntur, sed aliqui ex illis sacerdotum nolunt admonitionibus aurem accommodare, volentes in pristinis perdurare criminibus."  ||  For an example of "pro dolor" with somewhat weakened force, see comment by 17th- or 18th-century editor, PL 80, 327 note a: "Caeterum hunc tractatum, proh dolor! imperfectum, transsumpsimus ex vetustissimo manuscripti codices."

foundation  (institution)  opus fundatum (Eg. D.L. 29);  (of building)  substructiones, um f. pl.

fountain (ornamental fountain or pool)   fons, ntis m. (Eg. R.A. 78: "Fons Fluminum in medio, opus eximium Ioannis Laurentii Bernini," of fountain in Piazza Navona; Eg. R.A. 126: "duo fontes, unde uberes saliunt aquae"), nymphêum, i (Eg. R.A. 26), salientes, ium m. pl.;  (drinking fountain)  fonticulus (potôrius); silânus, i m. (Lucr.; Cels.)  < Lewis and Short are mistaken in noting salientes as feminine.  The passages where silanus is used make clear it was a man-made fountain for drinking; it presumably got its name from a head of Silenus, but the passages do not mention this.  ||  Cod. Just. 11, 43, 5: "maluimus etenim praedictum aquaeductum nostri palatii publicarum thermarum ac nymphaeorum commoditatibus inservire."  Hilgers (279) silanum vocat "(Spring)brünnen."

freckle  lenticula, ae f., lentîgo, inis f.

free time, leisure  tempus subsicivum, horae inertes (Eg. L.D.I. 100), otium, i n.

freeway, expressway, interstate highway  via cursûs expedîti, via expedîta  < via autocinetica (Eg. D.L. 34; Eg. S.L. 20: "in Via Autocinetica a Sole appellata (Autouroute du soleil)")

fresco  pictura udo inducta (Eg. S.L. 68), imago udo illita (Eg. R.A. 48)

Freudian slip  lapsus Freudianus

fuel  machinarum alimonia (v. fomenta v. alimenta), machinaria alimonia (v. fomenta v. alimenta) (cf. "fomenta ignium varia," Amm. 20, 7, 12), liquor propulsorius* (Eg. D.L. 53; Eg. S.L. 42), alimenta n. pl. (Eg. S.L. 35: "Satelles artificiosus ... secum ferebat 40 chiliogrammata uranii, quod instrumento detectorio aliisque machinamentis suppeditaret alimenta")

funicular railway  via currûs funalis (Eg. D.L. 50);  funicular railway car, cable car  currus funalis (Eg. D.L. 50).  < Any vehicle carrying passengers up a mountain or steep slope may be called a "vehiculum scansorium" (Eg. S.L. 21)

gallery (art)  pinacotêca, ae f. (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

game  (sports event, as in Olympics)  agôn, ônis m. (Eg. D.L. 14), agôn gymnicus (Plin. Ep. 4, 22)

garage  stabulum autocinêticum*, receptaculum curruum automatariorum (Eg. S.L. 60), receptaculum autocinêtorum* (Eg. S.L. 27; both of parking garage for many vehicles)

garbage can, trash can, rubbish bin  excipulum purgamentarium (Eg. D.L. 57)

gas station, filling station, service station  benzinopôlium, i* n. (cf. benzinopola, (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

gasoline  benzina, ae* f., benzinum, i* n. (Eg. S.L. 90)  < benzinium (Eg. D.L. 60)

gasoline: lead-free gasoline  benzinum* plumbo vacuum (Eg. S.L. 90)

gelatin  gelatina, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 26), gelatinum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 29)

gelatinous  gelatinosus (Pharm. Austr. 20)

gem, precious stone  gemma, ae f.

genetic  geneticus, a, um, genitalis, e (Eg. D.L. 33: "genetalis haec gossypii mutatio facta est conspirante actione radiorum lasericorum")

geocentric  geocentricus, a, um* (Gauss VI, 30)

geocentric: heliocentric  hêliocentricus, a, um* (Gauss VI, 33)

glacier  moles glaciata (Eg. D.L. 25)

glider, sailplane  aeroplanum* (v. aeronavis*) machinâ motoriâ carens, anemoplanum, i* n. (Mod. Gr.; LRL; Eg. S.L. 101: "ope aeronavis veliferae, seu, ut Graeci qui nunc sunt appellant, anemoplani")  < Aeronavis velifera (LRL; Eg. S.L. 101), aeronavis velifica (LRL; Eg. S.L. 102).  The glider or sailplane has rigid wings, not sails.

go bad (food, etc.)  corrumpi

go too far  modum excedere

granite  < "e granite" (Eg. R.A. 57), "e lapide granite" (Eg. R.A. 73

gravestone, tombstone  cippus, i m. (Hor.; Pers.; Eg. R.A. 39), lapis sepulcralis

gray, grey  cinereus, a, um, râvus, a, um

groove, flute (of column)  stria, ae f., canaliculus, i m.

grooved  canaliculatus, a, um  (Pharm. Austr. 26)

ground floor  pedeplana, orum n. pl. (Eg. R.A. 78)  < Semel usurpatum, ut videtur: "devotissimos milites ex procinctu redeuntes vel proficiscentes ad bella muri novi sacratissimae urbis singulae turres in pedeplanis suis suscipiant" (Cod. Th. 7, 8, 13).

guest (at hotel)  deversitor, ôris m. (Petr. 79, 6, and 95, 1)

guide, tour guide  itineris ductor (Liv. 7, 41; Eg. D.L. 56: "peritissimi itinerum montanorum ductores"), monstrâtor, ôris m. (Eg. R.A. 7: "visum est librum conficere, qui ... ad 'mirabilia urbis' visenda Romam petituris quasi monstrator sit, seu mystagogus," (Eg. R.A. 73: "ut quidam dictitant Urbis monstratores"), mystagôgus, i m. (Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 132; Eg. R.A. 7), ? periêgêta (or a), ae* m. (Anc. Gr.)  < Mystagogus is best reserved for guides to temples, churches, or other holy places; it is in this context that the word is used by Cicero and by Renaissance writers.  Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 132: "Iam illa quae leviora videbuntur praeteribo, quod mensas Delphicas ... ex omnibus aedibus sacris abstulit Syracusis.  Itaque, iudices, ii qui hospites ad ea quae visenda sunt solent ducere et unum quidque ostendere, quos ill mystagogos vocant, conversam iam habent demonstrationem suam; nam ut ante demonstrabant quid ubique essent, item nunc quid undique ablatum sit ostendunt."  "Tour guide" graece perihghthV audit (non "tourist," ut in lingua Graeca vulgari); fortasse hic scribendum periegetes.

guidebook  liber periêgêticus

guild, chamber of commerce  corpus mercatorum (Ambros. Ep. 20, 6)

gutter  (as along street or roof)  canaliculus, i m.

gym  (building for indoor sports, health club)  palaestra, ae f., gymnasium, i n.;  (large room for indoor sports, esp. basketball)  sphaeristêrium, i n.

half: it's half past eight  est hora octava cum dimidio (v. cum semihora) (Eg. L.D.I. 100)

hammock  grabâtus pensilis (v. suspensus)

handicapped  membris captus (Eg. S.L. 88)

hang-glider  < LRL (s.v. deltaplano) easdem voces ac pro "glider" praebet.

haze  vapôres, um m. pl. (Gauss VI,40: "sol parum ultra vapores horizontis exsurgit")

headlights  faces electricae* (Eg. S.L. 43)

headquarters  sedes, is f. (Eg. D.L. 22), primaria sedes (Eg. D.L. 36)

hearing aid   < cf. tubus acûsticus (Kircher)

hearse  carpentum funebre

heart  adj.  cardiacus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 80)

heat, heating  (of building)  calefactio (Eg. D.L. 21: "suasum est ut thermostata ita disponerent ne calefactio duodevicesimum gradum supra zerum numerum egrederetur")

heater (for heating house)  instrumentum calefactorium (Eg. D.L. 21), apparatus calorificus (Eg. R.A. 11), fornax, âcis f. (Eg. L.D.I. 101), camînus, i m. (Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 19; Suet. Vit. 8), hypocausis, is f. (strictly, a furnace heating from below)

helicopter  helicopterum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 11); adj. helicoptericus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 11)

hibernation  veternus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 44)

high-rise building, skyscraper  turris, is f., domus altissima (Eg. D.L. 29), caeliscalpium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 29), domus polystega*  < Cf. Eg. R.A. 55: "Nero ... incendium e turri Maecenatiana, id est ex altis aedibus Maecenatis 'prospectans ... decantavit,'" and note ad loc.: "in lingua Latina optima turris potest etiam significare aedes altas et lautas; cfr. Hor., Carm. 1, 4, 1, 14: 'pauperum tabernas regumque turres.'"

high-tension power line  filum altâ tensûrâ praeditum (Eg. D.L. 28)

hold one's breath  animam continere (Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261 et passim)

hold one's nose  nares comprimere (Ducrue 251)

homesickness  patriae desiderium, nostalgia, ae* f. (extreme homesickness; strictly, a disease; Bonon. Acad. I, 307: "morbus est ... quo in exteras regiones delatos nos patriae desiderium ardens in lectum conicit")  < The word nostalgia appears to have been coined by Johann Jacob Harder for his medical treatise De Nostalgia (Basil, 1678).

homosexual  amôris (v. libîdinis) in proprium sexum prônior (Suet. Galb. 22: "libidinis in mares pronior"; Suet. Virg: "[Virgilius fuit] libidinis in pueros pronioris"), ? proprii (v. sui) sexûs amator, homosexuâlis, e* (Eg. S.L. 104)  < Homosexualis should mean "of the same sex (as another)."  The ancient terms cinaedus and pathicus refer specifically to passive homosexual conduct and are highly derogatory.

homosexual man, gay man  vir amôris (v. libîdinis) in mares pronior (Suet. Galb. 22: "libidinis in mares pronior"), marium amator, andrerasta, ae* m.

homosexual woman, lesbian  mulier amôris (v. libîdinis) in feminas pronior, feminarum amatrix, gynerastria, ae* f., lesbiastria, ae* f., lesbiâna, ae* f.

horizon  horîzon, ontis m.

horn (automobile)  bûcina autoncinêtica*;  blow the horn  bûcinare

horoscope, astrology  cf. Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89: "qui haec Chaldaeorum natalicia praedicta defendunt"

hotel, motel  deversorium, i n., hospitium, i n., stabulum, i n. (no pejorative connotation), caupôna, ae f.

huge, gigantic  colossêus, a, um (esp. of statues), decumanus, a, um, gigantêus, a, um

humanist  hûmânista, ae* m. (Hoven, citing Lispius and the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum, of a student in a humanities course of studies; in the current sense, C.S. Lewis; Eg. D.L. 5; Eg. L.D.I. 124)

humanistic  hûmânisticus, a, um* (Eg. L.D.I. 127, quoting Vat. II, Decretum de institutione sacerdotali, num. 13)

hunger strike: be on a hunger strike  dissensionis causâ inediam sustinere (v. durare)  < voluntaria esuritio (Eg. S.L. 73: "dicitur ... voluntariam esuritionem coepisse ut dissensionem suam palam ostenderet").  Cf. inediâ vitam finire, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 1; absinentiâ vitam finire, Tac. A. 4, 35, Sen. Ep. 70, 9 ("Socrates potuit abstinentiâ finire vitam et inediâ potius quam veneno mori"); "quibus inedia mori consilium est," Gell. 3, 10, 15; inediam sustinere, Cels. 1, 3; inediam durare, Plin. 11, 283.)

hunger:  I'm dying of hunger, I'm starving  fame crucior, fame enecor

hurricane, typhoon, cyclone  typhôn, ônis (marînus v. aequinoctialis)  < turbo (Eg. S.L. 95)

hypnosis  hypnôsis, is (or eos)* (Eg. R.A. 88)

hypnotic  hypnôticus, a, um (Souter)

hypnotist  hypnôseos* artifex (Eg. R.A. 88), hypnôtês (or a), ae* m.

ice floe  glacies pontivaga (Eg. S.L. 44)

ice-breaker (ship)  navis glacifraga (Eg. D.L. 21)

ice-skate  solea ferrea (Eg. D.L. 12)

ice-skater  solea ferrea ludens (Eg. D.L. 12)

ice-skating rink (with stands for spectators)  stadium glaciale (Eg. D.L. 12), curriculum glaciale

identity  identitas, atis+ f. (Eg. D.L. 25, 59: "homo quidam, de cuius identitate non constat")

illumination, miniature, small image in manuscript  minuta pictura (Eg. R.A. 61), miniâtûra, ae+ (OED s.v. miniature, citing 15th-century source; Bartal)

illuminator of manuscrpts, miniaturist, miniator  minutarum picturarum effector (Eg. R.A. 61), miniâtor, ôris+ (Latham; Maigne)

implicitly  tacite (Gauss V, 33: "tacite subintellexisse," implicitly assumed)

improvise  ex tempore fundere (v. dicere v. scribere) (Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194: "versûs ex tempore fundere")

inaugurate  inaugurare (Eg. S.L. 62: "Radulfus Alfonsín sollemni ritu est praeses inauguratus")

incunabula  specimina artis typographicae primordialis (v. primaevae v. primigeniae), primordialia (v. primaeva v. primigenia) artis typographicae specimina, artis typographicae velut incunabulorum specimina  < Cf. Eg. R.A. 142: "huc accedunt amplius octo milia 'incunabulorum' artis typographicae."

index  index rerum principalium (Rabikauskas 3), index rerum notabilium (Rabikauskas 159)

index: table of contents  rerum conspectus, index synopticus*

industry  < industria quaestuosa (Eg. D.L. 21; Eg. S.L. 69: "ad quaestuosam industriam petroleariam-chemicam pertinentia"), machinalis industria (Eg. S.L. 28)

inflation  pecuniae vilitas (Eg. S.L. 35)  < nummorum inflatio (Eg. D.L. 58)

information

information office  sedes nuntiationum (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

ingredients  constituentia, ium n. pl. (Pharm. Austr. xvi)

insomnia  vigilia, ae f. (Cels.; Bonon. Acad. I, 308: "[morbi signa sunt] somnus perturbatus, vel vigiliae, etiam continuae")

instant, second (loosely)  punctum temporis

insurance:  life insurance  vitae cautio (Eg. D.L. 33);  insurance company  societas cautionae exercendae (Eg. D.L. 33)

intelligence  (mental acuity)  acre ingenium, etc.;  (information gathered by intelligence agency)

inventor  commentator (Sol. 5: commentator machinarius)

italics  obliqui typi m. pl. (Pharm. Austr. xxii)

jet airplane  aëronavis* anticinêtica*; aëronavis* retroversus impulsa (Eg. D.L. 9; Eg. S.L.  104), aëronavis* invera vi propulsa (Eg. S.L. 104  < pyraulocinêtum* (Eg. D.L. 9), aëronavis* pyraulocinêticua* (Eg. S.L. 42); purauloV est potius "rocket."  Licetne participium "impulsa" ita adhibere, ut habeat vim praesentis?

jet fighter, bomber  bellica aëronavis* (Eg. D.L. 59)

jetway, passenger boarding bridge  forus aëronauticus (v. aëroplani)

jewelry store  taberna gemmaria (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

jewelry, jewels  iocalia, um+ n. pl. (DuCange; Aeneas Silvius)

jockey  celêtîzon, ntis m.

jog, go jogging  cursitare, ? tolûtim ire

journalist  diurnarius, i m. (Eg. D.L. 33)

jubilee (year)  iûbelaeus, i m. (Hier.; Eg. R.A. 7), annus iûbelaei (Eg. S.L. 71)

judge  (of sporting event, as in Olympics)  agônotheta, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 15); brabeuta, ae m.)

juice  sûcus, i m. [see also orange juice, grape juice]

jumbo jet  capacissima aëronavis* (Eg. D.L. 24)

jungle  abdita silva tropica (Eg. D.L. 41), silva tropica (Eg. S.L. 102), iungala, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 40: "est qui novum nomen iungala, ae, proponit")  < Dubito sitne "tropicus" accipiendum pro "tropical."

kennel

kerosene  cêroleum, i* n.

kite  < cf. "hang-glider"

knob  (on appliance, television, etc.)  bulla versatilis

lacuna  (missing portion in text, manuscript)  lacuna, ae f. ((Eg. R.A. 144: "litterati quidem conati sunt lacunas implere, sed coniecturali tantum ratione")

land  (of airplane)  vb.  in terram delabi (Eg. D.L. 10), devolare (Eg. D.L. 34)

landscape  (as subject of landscape painting)  topia, orum n. pl. (Vitr.)

landscape architect, garden designer  topiarius, i m. (Cic.)

landscape architecture, art of garden design  topiaria, ae f. (Cic.; Eg. R.A. 143: "sunt pulchre compositi secundum topiariam Italicam, quae saeculis 16 et 17 viguisse cognoscitur," of Vatican gardens)

landslide  terrae lapsus (Eg. D.L. 19), terrae labes (Eg. S.L. 43)

laser (beam)  radius lasericus* (Eg. D.L. 33)

last  (week, year)  anno proxime praeterito (Eg. D.L. 17)

late  (of deceased)  piae memoriae, felicis recordationis, beatus

launch  (a spacecraft)  vb.  in inane infinitum emittere (Eg. D.L. 48), in aethera emittere (Eg. S.L. 13), in sublime emittere (Eg. S.L. 35; cf. Eg. S.L. 13: "sideralis navis ... directe ad perpendiculum augescente velocitate aethera scandit")

lava  ignita materia fluens (Eg. S.L. 48; lava, ae* f. (Eg. S.L. 48: "saxa liquefacta, torrentis instar devoluta -- lava vulgo appellantur videturque hoc verbum origine Neapolitanum in Latinum recipi posse, ne res per longisculam circuitionem significetur")

lavender  lavandula, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. 3)

leg (of piece of furniture)  fulcrum, i n.

lei  torques floreus (Eg. D.L. 9)

lens  lens, ntis (*) f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 302: "lentem ex utroque parte convexam"), lenticula, ae (*) f. (Bonon. Acad. I, 303)

license plate  notaculum, i n. (Helfer), brattea, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 36)

life-guard  < balneator (Bad.). EL: surveillant de plage (ou de baignade), bagnino

light (of color): light yellow  subflavus, a, um (Pharm. Austr. 7)

lighter  ignitabulum, i n., igniarium, i n.

lighter fluid  liquor igniarium (Eg. S.L. 63)

line, stand in, wait in line  ordinem habere (Eg. S.L. 103: "emptores, qui ante arcam ordinem habebant"), ordine consistere (Eg. L.D.I. 107: "ante mensas ministrorum alius post alium ordine consistunt, tesserae viatoriae confirmandae causâ")

linoleum

linseed  lini semen (Pharm. Austr. 338)

linseed oil  oleum lini (Pharm. Austr. 268)

lipstick  cf. "ceratum labiale ... pommade pour les lèvres" (Pharm. Helv. [1907] 89)

literalist, literalism

loan-shark

lobby, vestibule  atrium, i n.

locker room  apodytêrium, i n.

locomotive  currus tractorius (Eg. R.A. 65)  < Sed hoc competit et in tractor.

log cabin  casa caudicaria, tugurium caudicarium

logger, lumberjack, lumberman  lignicîda, ae m. (Eg. D.L. 34)

lollipop, sucker

loose: these shoes are too loose  hi calcei sunt pede maiores (Eg. L.D.I. 105)

loot  vb.  compilare (Eg. D.L. 29; Eg. S.L. 22: "praedones tabernas compilaverunt et cives impudenter exspoliarunt")

love-potion  amatorium, i n.

lozenge, breath mint  pastillus, i m.

machine  machina, ae f., autómatum, i n.

magazine, periodical, journal  commentarii periodici (m. pl.), commentarium periodicum (Eg. S.L. 101), periodicum, i n., ephemeris, idis f. (Eg. S.L. 46: "ephemeris Germanica imaginibus ornata, cui titulis 'Stella' (Stern)"), ephemerides, um f. pl. (Gauss V, 32: "in ephemeridibus Ticinensibus (Giornale di fisica et. T. 9)", of scientific journal)

mail  vb.  (epistulam) mittere (Eg. L.D.I. 102), (epistulam) cursui publico tradere (Eg. L.D.I. 102);  how much does it cost to mail a post card?  quanti stat missio chartulae cursualis? (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

mail box  cursûs publici capsula (Eg. L.D.I. 102), arca (v. capsa) cursualis

mail, post  subst.  cursus publicus (Cod. Just. 12, 50; Eg. L.D.I. 102);  adj.  curusalis, e

mailman, postal deliverer  tabellarius, i m. (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

maintain (a building), keep in good repair  (aedificium) sartum tectum tueri (Eg. R.A. 75), sartum et tectum conservare (Cic. Fam. 13, 50, 2)

manager, director  praepositus, i m. (Eg. L.D.I. 109: "ab eidem sedi praeposito quaerunt")

manufacturer  domus fabricatoria (Eg. S.L. 48)  < Estne "domus"?

manuscript  liber (v. codex) manu scriptus, manuscriptum, i* n. (Ducrue 255)

map  tabula geographica (Eg. R.A. 142), tabula chôrographica*, chôrographia, ae f., mappa geographica, mappa, ae f. (Ducrue 234)

marionette  neurospastum, i n. (Gell.; Eg. R.A. 90: "theatrum neurospastorum seu parvorum simulacrorum ligneorum, quae nervis agitantur")

market: put on the market  (aliquid) venale producere (Eg. S.L. 42)

martial law  lex militaris (Eg. S.L. 17)

mascot  < cf. totem

mason  [see also freemason]  caementarius, i (Eg. D.L. 38), structor, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 38)

mat  storea, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 9), teges, etis, f., tegeticula, ae f.

matador  tauricîda, ae* m., tauromachus* primarius

mechanic, repairman  faber machinarius (v. mechanicus), machinarius, i m. (Eg. D.L. 54; Eg. S.L. 38)

medal (gold, silver, bronze)  aurisma (aureum, argenteum, aeneum) (Eg. D.L. 14)

media, news media  nuntiorum divulgatio, nuntiorum divulgatores, societates (v. sedes) nuntiorum divulgatrices  < instrumenta communicationis socialis (Vat. II; Eg. S.L. 60), communicatio socialis (Eg. D.L. 44) 

megaphone  megaphônium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 27)

megawatt  mensura megavattiana* (Eg. D.L. 54)

member  socius, i m., membrum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 98: "Hispania et Lusitania membra Communitatis Europaeae effectae")

meridian  circulus meridianus terrestris (Eg. S.L. 41)

merry-go-round, carrousel

metal  metallum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 25)

meteorology, weather forecasting  meteôrologia, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 18);  adj.  meteôrologicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 53)

metropolis, huge city  megalopolis, is* f. (Eg. D.L. 29)

mica  lapis speculâris

microphone  microphônum, i* n., apparatus micriphônicus* (Eg. S.L. 44)

microscope  microscopium, i* n. (Bonon. Acad. I, 302Eg. D.L. 26)

milennium  millenarium, i+ n. (Niermayer), millennium, i+ n. (OED s.v. millennium)

miles per hour, kilometers per hour  cf. Veg. Mil. 1, 9: "viginti milia passuum horis quinque duntaxat aestivis conficienda sunt"; Eg. D.L. 21: "tanta vis procellae ferebatur ut eius velocitas 120 chiliometra unâ horâ conficeret"; Eg. D.L. 32: "ventus saeviit, 160 chiliometra unâ conficiens horâ"; Eg. S.L. 86-87: "venti gelidi vehentissime se effundebant, 180 chiliometra spatio horali conficientes"

mine: gold mine  auri fodina (Ducrue 233)

miner  fossor, ôris m., metallarius, i m. (Eg. S.L. 25)

mineral  minerale, is+ n., fossile, is* n. (both usually in plural)

miniature  adj.  minûtus, a, um (Eg. S.L. 48)

minor  subst.  (not yet of legal age)  minor natu, minor annis, nondum sui iuris (v. suae tutelae v. suae potestatis), minorennis, e+  

mint  menta, ae f.;  mint tea  mentae infûsum*

minute  minûtum, i n. (Ducrue 249; Gauss VI, 40; Pharm. Austr. 10 et passim; Eg. D.L. 10), minûtum prîmum (Gauss VI, 40), temporis minûtum (Bonon. Acad. I, 286), hôrae minûtum (Bonon. Acad. I, 289);  ten minutes  sextans horae (Pharm. Austr. 5);  fifteen minutes  quadrans horae (Pharm. Austr. 7)

mistral, maestrale  (strong winds from north or northwest in France, Italy)  ventus magister (Bonon. Acad. I, 288: "boreas, qui Italis ventus magister dicitur")

mobile home, motor home, trailer  domus mobilis (v. ambulatoria), aedicula mobilis (v. ambulatoria)

monsoon  (seasonal wind of southern Asia)  ventus hippalus (Plin. N.H. 6, 104: "inde vento Hippalo navigant diebus quadraginta ad primum emporium Indiae"; Eg. D.L. 56), ventus monsonius* (Eg. D.L. 56);  (resulting rainy season)  hippali (v. monsonii*) tempestas, hippali (v. monsonii*) imbres

moped  < Quo modo a motorcycle distinguendum?

mosaic  opus tessellatum (Eg. R.A. 52, 119), lithostrôtum, i n. (Varr.; Plin.), asarôtum, i n. (Stat.; Plin.), mûsîvum, i n. (Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 8: "musivo picta sunt"; Eg. R.A. 57, 52: "vetus musivum ad antiquum exemplum restitui ... iussit," quoting 19th-century inscription in Lateran basilica);  floor mosaic  pavimentum lithostrôtum (Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 10), pavimentum tessellatum (Suet. Caes. 46)  < opus musivum (Eg. L.D.I. 109).  EB (s.v. "mosaic"): "miniature mosaic work (called opus vermiculatum, meaning 'wormlike work' because of the close-set, undulating rows of small tesserae)."

motor speedway, stock-car racing

motor, engine  machina motoria, motorium machinamentum (Eg. D.L. 18)

motorboat, speed-boat  actuari(ol)um, scapha (v. cymba) automata  < actuariola automataria (Eg. D.L. 9), actuariolum automatarium (Eg. S.L. 18), navis automataria (Eg. S.L. 18), navicula automataria (Eg. S.L. 27)

motorcycle  birota automata  < birota automataria (Eg. S.L. 29)

mountain-climber  montium ascensor (Eg. D.L. 56), oribates, ae* m. (Eg. D.L. 37; Eg. S.L. 44)

mouse-trap  muscipula, ae f. (Sen.), muscipulum, i n. (Phaedr.)

moustache  mystax, acis* m. (Hier., in Greek; DuCange), grani, orum m. pl. (Isid.), superioris labri barba (Eg. R.A. 24)  < Subium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 66), found only in a word-list in the grammarian Charisius.  ThLL: "mystacia, granae (anglosax.) Gloss.L corp. M. 334, cf. gr. mustax."

mouth or opening of bottle or other vessel  epistomium, i n. (Pharm. Austr. 22: "in lagenula completa epistomio vitreo clausa"; ibid. 422: "in lagenam epistomio vitreo munitam")

movie camera  < instrumentum cinematographicum* (Eg. S.L. 88)

movie theater, cinema  theatrum cinematographicum* (v. cinesigraphicum*)  < Cinematographeum (Eg. D.L. 40) should refer to a place where movies are made, -graph- retaining its verbal force in accord with the norms governing such Greek compounds; typographeum, for example, is a place where books are printed, not where they are displayed or sold.

movie, film  cinematographia, ae* f., cinesigraphia, ae* f., fabula cinematographica* (v. cinesigraphica*), spectaculum cinematographicum* (v. cinesigraphicum*), pellicula cinematographica* (Eg. S.L. 69  < taeniola cinematographica* (Eg. D.L. 40)

movie, film, cinematographic  adj.  cinesigraphicus, a, um*, cinematographicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 22; Eg. R.A. 94)

mummy  mortui corpus medicatum (Eg. S.L. 100; Eg. R.A. 138)

mural  pictûra parietâria (cf. pictor parietarius, Edict. Diocl. p. 19)

museum  mûsêum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 25: "Musaea Vaticana"; Eg. S.L. 39; Eg. S.L. 40: "sedes musaei disciplinarum naturalium");  art museum  pinacothêca, ae f. (if containing chiefly paintings) (Eg. L.D.I. 109; Eg. R.A. 23, 140)  < Museum in antiquity referred to a sort of university and research center (as at Alexandria); since the Renaissance it has also referred to a scholar's study or office.

nap  somnus insitîcius (Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 5) [see also siesta]

national debt  debitum publicum (Eg. S.L. 35)

necessarily:  not necessarily  non continuo, non statim

neighborhood  vîcus, i m., regio (urbis)

Nobel Prize  Praemium Nobelianum (Eg. D.L. 29)

normal, customary, ordinary  tra(ns)laticius, a, um

nostalgia  temporis praeteriti desiderium

nursery  (child-care center)  brephotrophium, i* n. (Bartal), paedotrophium, i* n. (Bartal);  (plants)  seminarium, i n., plantarium, i n. (Eg. D.L. 34)

oil field  campus oleifer*  (Eg. D.L. 29)

oil refinery  ergasterium oleo terrigeno* purgando (Eg. D.L. 60)

oil tanker  navis petrolearia* (Eg. S.L. 73)

one-way street  monodromus, i* m. (Eg. R.A. 106; Mod. Gr.)

opaque  impellucidus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. xxvi), luci impervius (Pharm. Austr. 16)

optimist

organizer  apparitor, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 10)

original  subst.  (work of art, document, etc. from which copies or imitations are made)  archetypum, i n. (Varr.; Plin. Ep.; Eg. R.A. 66, 138: "statua est conformata ad archetypum Lysippi"), opus primigenium (Eg. R.A. 66: "statua ... est, raro exemplo, ipsum opus primigenium Graecum");  adj.  archetypus, a, um (Juv.; Mart.), primigenius, a, um (Varr.; Eg. S.L. 93), prôtotypus, a, um (Mar. Vict.)

Oscar Award  praemium Ansgarianum (Eg. S.L. 22)

outline  lineamenta, orum n. pl. (Rabikauskas, title page: "praelectionum lineamenta")

oval  adj.  ôvâtus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 13: "Caesareum, quod formâ ovatâ a Vespasiano est incohatum"; Eg. R.A. 78: "huic areae [Piazza Navona] est species ovata, id est ex longo rotunda"), oblongus, a, um;  subst.  ellipsis, is f. (*) (Eg. R.A. 126)

overlook (scenic), belvedere  apopsis, is (or eos) f. (Fronto), podium unde patet prospectus (cf. Eg. R.A. 91: "amplum podium laudatur, unde omnium consensu est iucundissimus prospectus in Urbem")

overtime  (sports)  tempus additicium (Eg. S.L. 15, 74)

oxygen tank  instrumentum oxigenicum (Eg. D.L. 37), vas oxygenium suppeditans (Eg. D.L. 37), vas quod oxygenium suppeditat (Eg. D.L. 55) (all three cites of oxygen tank for Himalayan mountain-climbers)

pacifier (for baby)

pack  (small box, as for cigarettes)  capsella, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 56)

package  fasciculus, i m. (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

pad  (cushion)  pulvînus, i m.;  (mass of soft material, stuffing, padding)  tômentum, i n.;  (of paper)  paginarum fasciculus (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

painting  tabula picta, pictûra, ae f.

palace  (royal residence)  rêgia, ae f., aula, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 10: "in Aula Buchingamiensi"), aula rêgia (Eg. R.A. 11), regis sedes (Eg. S.L. 92), rêgia domus (Eg. S.L. 98), palatium, i n. (Eg. R.A. 10: "nomini palatii primo a poetis, deinde a posterioris aetatis scriptoribus vis aedium lautarum est subiecta");  (magnificent house, not necessarily of royalty)  palatium, i n.; aedes lautae

palm: read (someone's) palm  fortûnam e manûs incîsûris praenuntiare (Eg. R.A. 24)  [see also palm-reader]

palm-reader  chîromantis, is* m. (Hoven citing Erasmus and Pico)

palm-reading  chîromantîa, ae+ f. (Latham; Niermeyer)

panorama  circumspectus (in omnes partes patens) (cf. Liv. 10, 34 10: "eo se progressos, unde in omnes partes circumspectus esset"), prospectus circumcirca patens (cf. Sulpicius in Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4: "coepi regiones circumcirca prospicere")

papyrus  papyrus, i m. and f. (Eg. R.A. 138: "in museo Aegyptio ... vide sis ... papyros")  < Non invenio papyri numero plurali (ut apud Eg.) pro monumentis in charta papyracea conscriptis.

parachute  umbella descensoria (Eg. D.L. 59);  v.i.  umbellâ descensoriâ delabi (Eg. D.L. 59)

parade  pompa, ae (Eg. S.L. 49)

parallel  adj.  parallêlus, a, um (Plin.; De Bononiensi scientiarum et artium Instituto atque Academia commentarii, 1731, p. 287: "erat fere horizonti parallelus")

parchment  membrâna, ae f., folium membrânâceum (Eg. R.A. 142), pergamêna, ae f. (Hier.; Isid.)

park  viridarium, hortus publicus, horti publici m. pl.

particle, granule  corpusculum, i n., particula, ae f., granulum, i n.

passenger  insessor, ôris m., vector, ôris m.

patent  inventionis diplôma (Eg. D.L. 29), diplôma inventi (v. commenti) (cf. Pharm. Austr. xix: "praeparata diplomate commerciali inventori addicta non sunt recepta in codicem")

patio, terrace, deck (of house)  sôlârium, i n., subdiâle, is n.

pave a road  viam sternere (v. munire)

pawnbroker  creditor pigneraticius (Dig. 39, 2, 15), oppignerâtor, ôris m. (Aug. Ep. 215)

pawnshop  taberna pigneratoria*

pearl-diver  piscator margaritarum (Ducrue 229)

pedestrian  pedes, itis m. (Eg. S.L. 44)

pen  calamus (scriptorius)  < calamus stilographicus (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

pencil  < lapis scriptorius (Eg. L.D.I. 104)

pencil-sharpener  côticula, ae f.

pendulum  (of clock)  pendulum, i* n. (Huygens);  pendulum clock  hôrologium oscillâtôrium* (Huygens; for oscillatorius see also Newton in Latham)  < Perpendiculum (Eg. L.D.I. 100).  Latin pendulum in this sense was introduced in the 17th century (OED), and is used notably by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, inventor of the pendulum clock, in his Horologium oscillatorium, sive de motu pendulorum ad horologia aptato demonstrationes geometricae (Paris, 1673).

percent: 30 percent  triginta partes centesimae (cf. Pharm. Austr. xviii: "cum partibus centesimis 100 producti")  < Cf. "pars quadragesima secunda e centum" (Eg. S.L. 74); itane dici potest?

perfectionist

pessimist

petroleum  petroleum, i+ n. (Niermeyer; Ducange; Pharm. Austr. 7), petrelaeum, i* n., oleum terrigenum* (Eg. D.L. 21), oleum bituminosum (Eg. D.L. 28), naphtha, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 34);  adj.  petrolearius, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 69)

phenomenon  phaenomenon, i n. (an appearance, esp. in the sky, such as of aurora borealis or a comet) (Eg. D.L. 42: "naturae phaenomena")  < alia proponenda quoque, quia vox Anglica multo latius patet

photograph   vb.  (take a photograph or picture of )  (alicuius rei) imaginem luce imprimere (Eg. D.L. 25), (aliquid) luce imprimere (Eg. S.L. 85), photographice reddere (Eg. D.L. 37: "amoenitates iugorum Imai photographice reddiderunt"), imaginem photographice exprimere (Eg. D.L. 49)

photographer  photographus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 25, 43)

picador  (mounted bullfighter who prods bull with lance)  taurocenta, ae m.

picnic, picnic table, picnic shelter

pier (built on piles, extending into river or sea as a pleasure promenade or a landing-place)  ? ambulacrum sublicium, ? ambulacrum in flumen (v. in mare) porrectum

pilot  (of airplane)  aëronavis gubernator (Eg. D.L. 18)

pimp  leno, ônis m.

pimple, zit  pustula, ae f.

pin, stud, ring, piercing

pink  roseus, a, um (Eg. R.A. 73: "columnae ... e lapid granite ravi roseique coloris"), subruber (Pharm. Austr. 424)

pipeline  (natural gas)  methani* ductus (Eg. S.L. 51), gasii* ductus (Eg. D.L. 21);  (oil, petroleum)  petrolei ductus, olei terrigeni ductus (Eg. D.L. 28), olei ductus (Eg. S.L. 92)

plan (architectural)  (aedificii v. domûs) forma [see also floor-plan]

plaster  gypsum, i n. (Eg. R.A. 75)

plastic  subst.  ? euplasticum, i* n.;  adj.  ? euplasticus, a, um*  < Plastica vis (Bonon. Acad. I, 68, of form-changing ability); plasticus hoc fere pacto adhibitum non raro vidi apud recentiores auctores.  Res plastica (Eg. D.L. 26); e re plastica (Eg. D.L. 26; Eg. S.L. 32: "cor e re plastica").

platform  suggestum, i m.;  (in train station)  crepîdo (ferriviaria v. traminum) (Eg. L.D.I. 107: "hamaxostichus ... a crepidine quinta abibit")

player  (sports)  lusor, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 15)

playground  campus lusorius, pratum lusorium

playing field  (in stadium)  arêna, ae f., campus lusorius, campus agonalis (cf. Eg. R.A. 78: "area agonalis ... appellatur et agonalis, id esst ad agonem seu certamen pertinens," of the stadium Domitiani), pratum lusorium (if turf-covered)

plumber  faber hydraulicus

pluralism  < pluralismus* (Eg. S.L. 98)

political  (concerning elections and election campaigns)  campester, ris, e

politics  ambitio, onis f.

pollute  inquinare (Eg. S.L. 69: "Cutabanum est una ex urbibus maxime inquinatis totius orbis terrarum")

pollution  inquinatio, ônis f. (Eg. R.A. 22: "hoc vero signum ... inquinatione aëris, quae metropolim vexat, in haud modicum est adductum discrimen")

popular: be popular  gaudere auris popularibus

porch (of house)  porticus, ûs (with columns or posts), pergula, ae f. (projecting from main body of house)

porch swing, glider

porter, bellhop  baiulus, i m., gerulus, i m.

post  vb.  (on wall, bulletin board)  affigere (Eg. S.L. 103: "qui nuntia publica affigebat")

post office  cursûs publici diribitorium (Eg. S.L. 40; Eg. L.D.I. 102), diribitorium cursuale

post, mail  subst.  cursus publicus (Eg. S.L. 31)

postcard  chartula cursualis (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

poster  libellus parieti affixus, libellus (Eg. R.A. 80

pour: it's pouring (of rain)  effunditur imber (Eg. L.D.I. 101), catervatim pluit (Eg. L.D.I. 101), urceatim pluit (Petr. 44, 18)

powder:  fine powder  pulvis subtilis (Pharm. Austr. xxvi);  coarse powder  pulvis grossus  (Pharm. Austr. xxvi)

predecessor  decessor, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 28)

print (e.g., book)  typis (v. formulis) imprimere (v. excûdere) (Erasmus, etc.)

private  subst.  (military)  miles gregarius

prize  (in sporting event)  brabêum

production of goods, industrial production  bonorum effectio (Eg. D.L. 54)

professional photographer  artifex photographus (Eg. D.L. 49)

promise, keep a  stare promissis

property tax  glêba, ae f. (Cod. Th. 6, 2, 10; Symm. Ep. 4, 61), collatio glêbâlis (Cod. Th. 6, 2, 3; 4, 8, 11 et saep.)

proposition, phrase  enuntiatum, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 5), enuntiatio, onis f.

psychic (subst.), seer  fatidicus, i m. (cf. Eg. R.A. 24: "mulier fatidica iuveni e manûs eius incisuris florentem fortuna praenuntiat"), sâga, ae f.

psychologist  psychologus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 49)

publisher, publishing house  taberna editoria (cf. Eg. S.L. 25: "taberna libraria editoria"), societas editoria (Eg. S.L. 24-25)  < domus editoria (Eg. S.L. 24-25.  Quid de hoc usu "domus" apud Vaticanos censendum (cf. domus cenatoria, domus auctionaria)?

pump  antlia, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 35)

put off  (de die in diem v. in crastinum) differre, prorogare, procrastinare

quarter: it's a quarter past seven  est hora septima cum quadrante (Eg. L.D.I. 100)

quarto  liber in forma quarta editus (Ducrue 220)

race (contest of speed)  curriculum, i n.;  horse races  curricula equorum (Liv. 45, 33, 5; Eg. R.A. 18), circenses, ium m. pl.;  auto races  curricula autocinêtôrum* (v. autocinêtica*)

race-car  autocinêtum cursorium (Eg. S.L. 11)

racecourse, racetrack  (horse)  hippódromus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 9), circus, i m.;  (auto)  autocinêtodromus, i* m. (Eg. S.L. 11), circus autocinêticus

radar  < radioëlectricum instrumentum detectorium (Eg. D.L. 53), instrumentum detectorium (Eg. S.L. 35)

radiation (ionizing), radioactivity  < radiationes, um f. pl. (Eg. D.L. 39)

radiator  calefacientis aquae ductus (Eg. L.D.I. 101)

radio  (abstract)  radiophônia, ae* f.;  (concrete)  radiophônum*, instrumentum radiophônicum* (Eg. S.L. 27);  adj.  radiophônicus, a, um* (Eg. L.D.I. 126)

radio station  sedes radiophonica* (Eg. D.L. 8), statio radiophonica* (Eg. D.L. 58, Eg. S.L. 72)

rail (of railroad)  ferratae viae ductus (Eg. S.L. 87)  < axis ferreus (Eg. S.L. 87: "est quidem memorandum latitudinem axium ferreorum, quibus via illa est constrata, sueto esse minorem")

railroad, railway  via ferrea, via ferrata (Eg. D.L. 24, 56);  adj.  ferriviarius, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 85), ferroviarius, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 55)

rainbow  arcus pluvis, arcus caelestis (Eg. S.L. 102)

rationing  (alicuius rei) demensa distributio (Eg. D.L. 60: "decreta est luminum obscuratio et benzinii demensa distributio")

rattle (toy, instrument)

razor  novacula, ae f., rasorium, i n. (Souter)

realistic  (of exact image)  îcônicus, a, um

really  (indeed, quite) sane, prorsus, valde;  (in fact, actually)  re verâ, reapse;  really? (in conversation, as response showing surprise, interest)  aín (vero)?  < The use of re verâ as a global translation for really should be avoided.  Thus, in this sentence: "Mensis Maius, quod ad agones folle pedibusque ludentium attinet, fuit revera funestus" (Eg. S.L. 96), an intensifier such as sane would perhaps be more appropriate, since a contrast between reality and non-reality is not implied.  Cf. "hic fuit eventus reapse historiâ dignus" (Eg. S.L. 98, of the admission of Spain into the European Union), where prorsus for reapse might be more appropriate.

receiver (telephone)  auscultabulum, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

recipe  formula, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. xiii: "elenchum adiungere formularum nonnullarum praeparatorum compositorum, quae a medicis saepe praescribuntur"), formula praeparandi (Pharm. Austr. xvi), formula parandi (Pharm. Austr. xi)

record, tape  vb.  imprimere (Eg. S.L. 52: "capsellam magnetophonicam inveniri in qua vos Emmanuelae esset impressa")

Red Cross  Societas a Cruce Rubra (Eg. S.L. 32)

refugee  prófugus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 39)

refugee camp  profugorum castra (v. mapalia v. asylum), campus exceptorius (Eg. D.L. 55), campus profugis excipiendis (Eg. D.L. 43), campus profugis recipiendis (Eg. S.L. 13), campus receptorius profugorum (Eg. S.L. 24)  < On non-military use of castra, see campground.  Dubito an campus hic aptum sit; cf. quae de campground scripsi.

relax (v.i.), take it easy  se relaxare (v. reficere) ex labore (Eg. L.D.I. 99), animum relaxare, otium (v. otio) peragere (v. ducere); cf. genio indulgêre, cuticulam curare

relief  (work executed in relief, objected carved in relief)  imago ectypa (Eg. R.A. 24: "sarcophagi ectypis imaginibus eximie sculptis"; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 26: "imaginem Caesaris habens ectypâ et eminente gemmâ," of a gem carved in relief; cf. also Eg. R.A. 52: "aenea tabula ectypa ... tegit sepulcrum"), scalptura ectypa (Plin.), ectypa, orum n. pl. (Plin. N.H.; Eg. S.L. 21), typus, i m., toreuma, atis n., opus (v. vas v. aurum v. argentum) caelatum;  low relief, bas-relief  imago (v. scalptura v. figura v. effigies) parum eminens (v. extans v. prominens), prostypum (Plin. N.H. 35, 152);  high-relief, haut-relief  imago (v. scalptura v. figura v. effigies) alte eminens (v. extans v. prominens)  < Toreuma and opus caelatum are used of relief work carved or engraved in metal or stone; typus appears to apply especially to relief work modeled or molded in clay.  According to Lidell and Scott, prostypum refers to bas-relief, ectypus to haut-relief; but given the confusion in other dictionaries on precisely how these Latin terms correspond to the notions of high and low relief, it will be clearest to use phrases such as "parum eminens," "alte eminens."

reporter  relator, ôris m. (Eg. S.L. 47; Eg. S.L. 94, of television reporter)

represent  (of agent, attorney, legislator, symbol)  (alicuius rei v. hominis) vicem (v. personam) gerere;  (of artistic representation)  (alicuius) imaginem exprimere (Eg. R.A. 79: "quod signum ... olim cum integrum esset ... Melelai au Aiacis imaginem expressit"), (aliquem v. aliquid) exprimere  (Eg. R.A. 130: "opere marmareo memoria celebratur Clementis XIII, qui pietate insignis, genibus nisus precesque fundens est expressus")

research: do scientific research  pervestigare physicên (Eg. D.L. 30)

restore  (a historic building, work of art, etc.)  in pristinum splendorem restituere (Eg. R.A. 45, citing CIL 6, 26152; Eg. R.A. 68: "ablatis rebus quae superpositae erant, basilica est ad pristinum splendorem restituta"), ad antiquum exemplum restituere(Eg. R.A. 52: "vetus musivum ad antiquum exemplum restitui ... iussit," quoting 19th-century inscription in Lateran basilica)

restroom  cella intima (Eg. D.L. 29), requista naturae (Eg. S.L. 38), latrîna, ae f., forica, ae f. (public restroom)

reunification:  The process of German reunification was not an easy one  Non sine molestiis Germania in unum corpus iterum redacta est 

reunify  in unum corpus iterum (v. denuo) redigere (cf. Eg. R.A. 81: "dicatum est Victoria Emmanueli II, primo regi Italiae in unum corpus redactae")

review  (repeated study)  recognitio, onis f. (Eg. L.D.I. 47)

Richter scale  Richteriana metiendi ratio (Eg. D.L. 40: "qui terrae motus secundum Richterianam metiendi rationem gradum septimum attigit")

rinse  eluere (Pharm. Austr. 423)

rise  (of prices)  augêri, exardescere (Suet. Tib. 34: "Corinthiorum vasorum pretia in immensum exarsisse"; Eg. S.L. 26: "cum pretium benzinii ... in immensum exardescat")

robot  robôtum, i* (Eg. D.L. 38)

rock-climber  petrobata, ae* m.

rocket   pyraulus, i* m. (Mod. Gr.), radius igniferus (Eg. D.L. 14), radius pyrius* (Bartal s.v. pyrotheca)

rocket-propelled  pyraulocinêticus, a, um*

rodent

roller-coaster

roller-skate, roller-blade  calceus subrotatus (v. rotalis)  < Subrotatus apud Vitr. (10, 13, 4: "utebatur ariete subrotato") invenitur; rotalis apud seriores.  Quo modo roller-skate et roller-blade distinguenda?

Romanesque  Romanensis, e, Romanicus, a, um

romantic  (of literary and artistic style)  romanticus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 42);  (relating to love, a love-affair, the process of falling in love, etc.)  amatorius, a, um;  romantic love;  a romantic dinner

rookie  (police)  tîro vigil;  (sports)  tîrô lûsor (v. pilîcrepa v. sphaerista)

room  conclave, is n. (strictly, a room that can be locked), (domûs) membrum

ruby  carbunculus, rubinus, i+ m.  < Carbunculus has been a term for the ruby since ML (see OED s.v. carbuncle, DuCange s.v. rubinus); in antiquity the term appears to have included sapphires and garnets as well (OED s.v. carbuncle).

ruins  parietinae, arum f. pl., rudera, um n. pl., ruînae, arum f. pl.

runway  curriculum (aëronauticum) (Eg. D.L. 34), curriculum aëronauticum

RV, recreational vehicle (camper or motor home)

safety belt  cingulum securitatis (cf. Eg. L.D.I. 107: "omnes vectores considunt et cingulis se muniunt")

safety pin  acus tûta

sale: it's for sale  venalis prostat

sapphire  sapphîrus, i m.

satellite  satelles artificiosus (Eg. D.L. 49)

sauna  (dry-heat steam room)  laconicum, i n. (Vitr.)

sawdust  limatura ligni  (cf. limatura ferri, Pharm. Nosocom. 31)

sawmill  officîna serrâtôria (Eg. S.L. 100)

scalp (tickets)  tesseras aucto pretio revendere, tesseras venditione furtivâ dare (Eg. S.L. 74: "tesserulae eius modi venditione furtivâ datae sunt pretio immensum aucto")

schedule

scoop  vatillum, i n.

scooter

screen (of television, computer)  album, i n. (Eg. S.L. 48), quadrum (visorium)

scroll

scuba diving, snorkeling

sea level  maris libra (Eg. D.L. 37: "Everstium montem, omnium culminum editissimum, quippe quod ad altitudinem octo milium metrorum et 888 supra maris libram pertingat ... ascenderunt"; Eg. D.L. 55: "verticem illum ad altitudinem 6780 metrorum supra maris libram pertingere"; cf. "sin autem locus ... pari libra cum aequore maris est," Col. 8, 17, 4)

seat (at theater, stadium)  locus, i m.

seat belt  balteum securitatis (Eg. S.L. 43)

second  subst. (time unit)  minûtum secundum (Bonon. Acad. I, 286; Gauss VI, 47; Eg. D.L. 18; Eg. S.L. 31)  < temporis secundum (Eg. S.L. 100: "paucis secundis temporis")

second home: spend time at second or vacation home  rusticari (Eg. S.L. 76)

second-hand store, vintage clothing store, antique store selling items of little value  taberna scrutaria

seismograph  sismometrum, i* m., instrumentum sismographicum* (Eg. S.L. 107)

seismographer  sismographus, i* m.

seismologist  sismologus, i* m.

seismology  sismologia, ae* f.

self-service  ministratio propria (Eg. R.A. 65)

semiconsonant  semiconsonans, ntis* f. (Eg. R.A. 47)

sensor  sensorium, i n. (Boethius and NL writers, of sensory organs in animals), instrumentum sensorium (Eg. S.L. 14)

set of dishes  synthesis, is f. (Mart. 4, 46, 15; Stat. S. 4, 9, 44)

shake hands  dextras iungere

sheet  (for bed)  ? linteamen (lecti), ? stragulum (linteum v. gossypinum)  < Comenium vide; stragulum videtur potius in blanket competere.

sheet-metal  lamina ferrea (Eg. S.L. 69)

shelf  pluteus, i m.

shelter, refuge  (place where shelter is offered free or cheaply, as for pilgrims)  xenodochîum, i (Bonon. Acad. I, 309)

shock, electric  ictus electricus* (Eg. S.L. 94)

shopper  empturiens, entis m. (Eg. L.D.I. 105: "in armario vitreo tuniculae manicatae ... exhibentur ut empturientes alliciantur"), emptor, ôris m. (Eg. L.D.I. 105) [see also customer]

shopping center  emporium, i n., vicus tabernarum, mercâtus, i m. [see also shopping mall]  < OLD s.v. emporium: "the business district in a city."

shopping mall  emporium (v. forum) tectum, mercâtus tectus, cryptoporticus, ûs f. (strictly, of the central passageway itself) [see also shopping center]

short circuit  contractus circuitus electricus* (Eg. S.L. 38)

short wave 

shoulder (of highway)  margo viae, margo stratae (Juvenc. 3, 656)  < limitanea pars viae autocineticae (Eg. S.L. 20)

shower  lavatio pluvia, nimbus  < Balneae pensiles (LRL) are not a "shower-bath" (a mistaken definition in LS), but baths built over a heating chamber (Forcellini s.v. pensilis, OLD s.v. balneum, ThLL s.v. pensilis, p. 1101, ll. 20 et seq.).

shrubs, shrubbery  arbusculae topiariae (cf. herba topiaria, used for borders in gardens, Plin. 21, 68)

side-street  dêverticulum, i n. [see also alley]

siesta  meridiatio, ônis f.;  take a siesta  meridiare, meridiari  [see also nap]

sightseer  [see also tourist]  < philotheôrus, i* m. (Miraglia)

sign  vb.  subscribere (alicui rei), subnotare (aliquid)  < rationibus subscribere, testamento subscribere, Dig. 40, 7, 40; nomina subnotare, Suet. Calig. 41; subnotare tabulas (Eg. D.L. 46); pacto subscribere (Eg. S.L. 68)

silky  sericeus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. 7: "crystalli ... nitoris sericei")

siren  sibilus (Bad.)  < Adiectivum aliquod addendum.  Cf. Eg. L.D.I. 109: "arcera automataria celerrime advenit, sonum reddens acutum."

skateboard  tabula subrotata (v. rotalis)

ski  subst. narta, ae+ f. (Eg. D.L. 12), solea oblonga (Eg. D.L. 14);  vb.  nartis+ uti, nartis+ prolâbi (Eg. S.L. 66; Eg. S.L. 75: "super nives montis Adamelli nartis prolâbitur"; cf. Eg. S.L. 101: "notum est homines illâ aetate iam nartis usos esse ad prolabendum super nives")

ski jump  suggestus desultorius (Eg. D.L. 12)

ski slope, ski run  < iter narticum* (Eg. S.L. 75)

ski: cross-country skiing  cursus campester (Eg. D.L. 12)

skier  nartâ+ utens (Eg. D.L. 12), nartis+ prolabens (Eg. S.L. 66), nartator, ôris* m. (Eg. S.L. 66)

ski-lift, chair-lift  cellula pendula (Eg. S.L. 38), via funalis (Eg. S.L. 38: "tres cellulae viae fualnis ... ex altitudine viginti metrorum in saxosa una cum vectoribus deciderunt")  < anabathrum* nartatorium* (Eg. S.L. 48)

skim (a book, article)  strictim legere

slalom  descensio flexuosa (Eg. D.L. 12), certamen descensionis flexuosae (Eg. D.L. 52), decursio flexuosa (Eg. S.L. 66)

sleeping coach (on train), couchette car, wagon-lit  currus dormitorius (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

slide  subst.  (small transparency for projection)  imaguncula pellucida, imaguncula translucida (Eg. S.L. 57)

sliding board

slip of the pen  lapsus calami, sphalma, atis* n.

slum, shanty-town, favela  mapalia pauperum, subitariae (pauperum) casulae (cf. Tac. A. 15, 39: aedificia subitaria), pauperum tuguria (Ducrue 244)  < tuguriopolis (Eg. S.L. 68)

smog  calîgo urbana (v. urbica)  < fumus et nebula (Eg. S.L. 21)

smoke  vb.  (cigarettes, etc.)  fumum haurire (Eg. S.L. 107)

snap one's fingers  digitis crepare

snowboard  tabula nivaria;  go snowboarding  tabulâ nivariâ prolabi, tabulâ super nives prolabi

snowmobile  currus nivarius

soap  sapo, onis m.

sold out  divenditus, a, um;  this book is sold out  omnia huius libri examplaria divendita sunt (cf. Eg. L.D.I. 6: "omnibus exemplaribus divenditis")

solidarity  < solida inter homines necessitudo (Eg. S.L. 83)

sound barrier  repagula soni (Eg. D.L. 48: "cum officina illa sideralis repagula soni perrumperet")

soundproof  sonis impervius (cf. airtight and cite); cf. Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 22: "tam alti abditique secreti illa ratio, quod interiacens andron parietem cubiculi hortique distinguit atque ita omnem sonum mediâ inanitate consumit"

space  inane infinitum (Eg. D.L. 46), inane spatium cosmicum (Eg. S.L. 63), spatium cosmicum (Eg. S.L. 81), spatium infinitum (Eg. S.L. 81)

space probe  astronavis* speculatoria, siderale instrumentum speculatorium (Eg. D.L. 46), siderale instrumentum exploratorium (Eg. S.L. 51)

space shuttle  astronavis* alata

space station, space lab  statio sideralis, officina sideralis (Eg. D.L. 48)

spacecraft, spaceship  astronavis, is* f., navis sideralis (Eg. D.L. 50), navigium siderale (Eg. S.L. 13; Eg. S.L. 64)

space-suit  < scaphandrum, i* (Eg. S.L. 65)

specific weight  pondus specificum (Pharm. Austr. xxv)

speech, lecture, address  âcroâsis, is f. (Eg. D.L. 22);  give a lecture  acroasim facere (Vitr., Suet.)

speedometer  tachometrum, i* n.

speedway  see race-track

spelling  orthographia, ae f. (norms of correct spelling);  I'm terrible at spelling  orthographiam haudquaquam calleo

sports  ludicrae exercitationes (Eg. D.L. 12), ludicrae corporis exercitationes (Eg. D.L. 51), ludicra exercendi (Eg. D.L. 51), corporis exercitationes (Eg. D.L. 52);  adj.  gymnicus, a, um, athlêticus, a, um

sports arena  amphitheâtrum (v. stadium) tectum

sports event  agôn, ônis m. (Eg. D.L. 14), agôn gymnicus (Plin. Ep. 4, 22), ludicrum certamen (Eg. S.L. 11)

spout, nozzle  sîpunculus, i m., sîpho, ônis m.

square, piazza  (open area in city)  area, ae f. (Eg. D.L. 25)  < Platea normally (always in antiquity, according to Real-encyclopädie) refers to an wide street, an avenue or boulevard.  (Eg. R.A. 125-6: "Area Petriana ... minus apte quidam 'forum Sancti Petri' appellant, siquidem forum mercaturae, rei iudiciariae, contionibus publicis erat destinatum")

stadium  amphitheâtrum, i n., stadium, i n. (Vitr. 5, 11, 4: "stadium ita figuratum, ut possint hominum copiae cum laxamento athletas certantes spectare"; Eg. D.L. 40)

staff  (group of employees)  officium, i n.

stage  (raised platform for actors, speakers)  scêna, ae f., proscênium, i n., pulpita, orum n. pl., suggestus, ûs m. (Eg. S.L. 9);  (phase in a process)  stadium, i (*) n.

stage-coach  raeda cursualis (Cod. Th. 12, 12, 9)

stained-glass (window)

stamp (postage)  pittacium cursuale (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

stands (seating for spectators), bleachers  cavea, ae f., spectacula, orum m. pl., cunei, orum m. pl. (Eg. D.L. 51)

station  (for train, bus)  statio, onis f. (Eg. D.L. 51; Eg. L.D.I. 107: "viae ferratae statio");  (radio, television)  statio (Eg. D.L. 58), sedes (Eg. D.L. 8)

stationer's (shop)  chartopôlium, i* (cf. chartopôla, Schol. Juv. 4, 27)

statistics  rationarium, i n. (Eg. S.L. 104: "duo milia hominum et ducenti septuaginta duo, secundum rationarium medicorum, eo morbo sunt mortui")

steam room  sudatio, ônis (Vitr.), sudatorium, i n. (Sen.)

steamboat  navis vaporaria*, pyroscapha, ae* f.

steam-powered  vaporarius, a, um* (cf. Eg. R.A. 65: "curru tractorio, qui aquâ vaporatâ movebatur")

steel  ferrum, i n. (iron or steel), ferrum durum (Vulg. Sirach 31, 31: "ignis probat ferrum durum"; Corp. Gloss. Lat. III 204, 14), acies ferri (Plin. 31, 145), adamas, antis m., chalybs, ybis m., aciarium, i+ n (Niermeyer, DLBS, Ducange, Corp. Gloss. Lat. III 325, 39);  adj.  ferreus, a, um, adamántinus, a, um, chalybêius, a, um (Eg. D.L. 50)  < Steel may be called simply ferrum, when the distinction between iron and steel is not essential (see PW s.v. Stahl, ser. 2, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 2126, noting that ferrum often refers to steel).  On the various Latin terms for steel (including all those listed above), see  PW s.v. Stahl, ser. 2, vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 2126-7.  ||  Plin. 34, 145: "neque alia genera ferri ex mera acie temperantur; ceteris enim admiscetur mollior complexus"; trans. Bonniec (série Budé) "sont les seules especes de fer dans la composition desquelles n'entre que l'acier pur; car toutes les autres contiennent un melange de fer plus doux; ed. in usum Delphini (1826) 34, ch. 42 (agitur de eodem loco), note a: "mera acies, quod merum 'aciarium' barbari glossaeque ... vocant."  ||  Ducange: "aciarium,  chalybs; ferri durissimi squama, seu indurata ferri acies, quam acier vulgo vocamus [glossaria citat]."  ||  PW, Stahl, ser. 2, vol. 3, pt. 2, pp. 2126-7 (summarizing): Since there was not a clear understanding of the difference between iron and steel in antiquity, in many passages sidhroV or ferrum are found when steel must be meant ... names for steel based on places that produced a hard sort of iron: chalybs (only in poets in Latin), ferrum Noricum (Ov. met 14, 712, Petr. 70, 3, Corp. Gloss. Lat.) ... names for steel based on idea of hardness: adamas (only in poets; elsewhere of diamond), [p. 2127] ferrum durum (Vulg. Sirach 31, 31; Corp. Gloss. Lat. III 204, 14 and 368, 77 [also Lucr. 2, 449; Vitr. 1, 4, 3], acies (Plin. 44, 145), aciarium (from 7th or 8th century: Corp. Gloss. Lat. III 325, 39).

steering wheel  rota moderatrix (Eg. S.L. 36), gubernâculum (autocînêti), rota gubernatoria*

stop up one's ears, plug one's ears  aures obturare

stopwatch  < chronometrum

storage house, garden shed

stratum, layer (geological)  strâtum (terrârum v. terrestris)  (Bonon. Acad. I, 73: "de variis terrarum stratis"; 73: "de ... terrestrium stratorum formis"; 63: "arena ... in strata quaedam distributa"; 69: "cum tam multa huius generis exigua testacea in arenosis stratis occurrant")

straw (drinking)  sîpho (potôrius), siphunculus (potôrius)  < LS s.v. sipho: "A little pipe to suck drinks through, a drinking-tube, Cels. 1, 8."

streetcar, trolley, tram  currus electricus

stress  (psychological)  nimia virium contentio (Eg. R.A. 68: "si quis in hac 'aula Dei,' a nimia virium contentione (stress) relaxatus, valet aliquamdiu ad se ipse revocare, veri nominis pace perfundetur")

strike  subst.  (work stoppage)  operistitium, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 47; Eg. S.L. 41);  vb.  operam sistere 

striker  operistes, itis* m.

structure  (of a speech, essay, literary work)  (sermonis v. orationis v. dicendi) contextus

style (architectural)  architecturae genus (Eg. S.L. 10), architectandi ratio (Eg. R.A. 48), structûrae genus (Eg. R.A. 51, 102: "ecclesia ... Gothico structurae genere ... est exstructa")

submarine  navigium subaquaneum (Eg. D.L. 28)

subscribe  (to a periodical)  < "subnotare commentarios periodicos" (LRL, etc.) should mean "write notes at end of a periodical," cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 9: "sedeo pro tribunali, subnoto libellos [I annotate petitions], conficio tabulas, scribo ... litteras."

substance  substantia, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. xiv: "praesentia substantiarum alienarum admixtarum"; et passim)

subtitle, caption, closed caption, dub

subtropical  subtropicus, a, um* (Eg. D.L. 21)

suburb  suburbium, i n., regio suburbâna (Eg. D.L. 9; Eg. S.L. 22)

subway  hamaxostichus subterraneus (Eg. D.L. 29)

suitcase  vidulus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 57)

summarize  paucis perstringere

summer Olympics  Olympia Aestiva n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 52)

sun-tanned  adustus, a, um, coloratus, a, um

superintendent  praefectus, i m., rector, ôris m., superintentor, ôris m. (Aug.; Eg. R.A. 100)

supersonic jet  sonum superans aëronavis (Eg. D.L. 31)

surf  vb.  super fluctûs prolâbi, tabulâ fluctivagâ prolâbi

surfboard  tabula fluctivaga

surfer  ? cymatódromus, i* (Anc. Gr.: "running over the waves")

surrealism  superrealismus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 42)

swimming pool  natâbulum, i n., natatio, onis f., piscîna, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 93)

swimming: back stroke (swimming)  natatio retrograda (v. resupina)

swimming: breast stroke (swimming)  natatio ranîna*, natatio in ranae modum (Eg. S.L. 93)

swimming: butterfly stroke (swimming)  natatio papilionis in modum

swimming: crawl (swimming)  natatio libera (cf. Ital. "stile libero")

swing (set)

symbol  typus, i m., symbolus, i m. (Eg. R.A. 42)

symbolize  (alicuius rei) typum gerere

table (in book)  tabula, ae f. (Pharm. Austr. xx)

take after:  you take after your father  patrem exprimis

take off  (airplane)  aethera petere (Eg. D.L. 24), avolare (Eg. D.L. 30; Eg. L.D.I. 108: "est iam hora avolandi")

talent, genius

tan  v.i.  (get a tan)  colorari (Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 60: "cum in sole ambulem, naturâ fit ut colorer")

tapestry  aulaeum picturatum (Erasmus), pictura textilis (Lucr.; Cic.; Eg. R.A. 141: "summa artificia Raphaelis Sanctii sunt propolam collocata, veluti decem picturae textilies, quarum ratione ab eo sunt descriptae quaeque in textrinis Belgicis sunt confectae")  < aulaeum acu pictum (Eg. S.L. 67)

tatoo  vb.  notis persignare (Eg. D.L. 9), notis compungere ((Eg. R.A. 17: "brachia sunt notis compuncta"; Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25: "barbarum ... compunctum notis Thraciis destricto gladio iubebat anteire")  < Cf. Amm. 31, 2, 14: "Gelonis Agathyrsi collimitant, interstincti colore caeruleo corpora simul et crines, et humiles quidem minutis atque raris, nobiles vero latis, fucatis et densioribus notis."

tax: exempt from taxes  vectigali levare (Cic. Brut. 36, 136)

tax-exempt, tax-free  vectigalium immûnis (cf. portoriorum immunis, Liv. 38, 14)

taxi, cab  autocinêtum meritôrium (Eg. L.D.I. 107), ? raeda taximetrica*

taximeter  ? taximetrum, i* n.

team  (sports, scientists)  manus, ûs f. (Eg. D.L. 20), turma, ae (Eg. S.L. 14, manipulus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 14)

technician  < technicus, i m. (Eg. S.L. 59)

technology  artes mechanicae (v. machinales v. fabriles)  < ars technica (Eg. D.L. 33), technica disciplina (Eg. D.L. 38)

telegram  nuntius telegraphicus* (Eg. D.L. 20; Eg. L.D.I. 102), têlegraphêma, atis* n.

telephone  têlephônum, i* n. (Eg. L.D.I. 102), instrumentum têlephônicum* (Eg. L.D.I. 102);  adj.  têlephônicus, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 22);  talk by telephone  têlephônicê* colloqui (Eg. L.D.I. 102);  the telephone is ringing  têlephônum tinnit (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

telephone booth  cellula têlephônica* (Eg. L.D.I. 102)

telephone message  nuntius têlephônicus

telephoto  adj.  telephotographicus* (Eg. D.L. 46);  telephoto lens  telelenticula, ae* f. (Eg. D.L. 37)

telescope  tubus opticus (Galileo, etc.), perspicillum, i* n. (Erasmus; Latham citing Newton), têlescopium, i* n. (Latham citing Newton; Eg. S.L. 78) [see also binoculars]

teletype machine, teleprinter  instrumentum têletypicum (Eg. D.L. 33)

television  (abstract)  televisio, onis* f., teleopsia, ae* f.;  (concrete)  instrumentum televisificum* (Eg. D.L. 46; Eg. L.D.I. 105), scrinium televisificum* (Eg. S.L. 48), instrumentum (v. scrinium) teleopticum*;  adj.  têlevîsificus, a, um* (Eg. L.D.I. 126)

television series  spectaculorum series (Eg. L.D.I. 105)  < teleorasis, is* f. (Eg. D.L. 21)

television station  statio televisifica* (Eg. D.L. 58), statio teleoptica*

temperature  calor, ôris m. (Eg. D.L. 18), frigus, oris n. (Eg. D.L. 18), caloris index (Eg. S.L. 53), caeli (v. aëris) temperies (v. temperatura) (cf. Pharm. Austr. xxv: "ad determinandam temperaturam thermometrum sic dictum Celsianum adhibeatur" Eg. D.L. 18) [see also degree]   < inspiciendi loci s.vv. temperies, temperatura, Humboldt

terminal  subst.  (train)  statio ferriviaria*;  (airport)  statio ? aëronautica* (v. aëroportuensis*);  adj.  (disease)  cf. insanabilis, e (Eg. S.L. 22: "Ingridis Bergman ... insanabili cancri morbo est exstincta")

text  contextus, ûs m. (Eg. R.A. 7: "ut narratiunculis et commentariolis verborum amplificetur contextus")

theory  theoria, ae f. (Hier., Cic. Att. 12, 6, 1 in Greek, Eg. D.L. 45)

thermometer  thermometrum, i* n. (Eg. D.L. 21; Eg. L.D.I. 101)

thermostat  thermostatum, i n. (Eg. D.L. 21)

third world  Tertius Mundus (Eg. S.L. 14)

throne  regium solium (Eg. R.A. 131)

thumbs-down: give someone the thumbs-down  pollicem (con)vertere  < inspiciendi loci a LS citati

ticket  (vecturae v. spectaculi) tessera, tesserula (Eg. S.L. 74: "tesserulae, quibus aditus ad spectaculum legitime comparabatur"), tesserula viatoria (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

tight: these shoes are too tight  hi calcei sunt pede minores (Eg. L.D.I. 105; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43: "calceus ... si pede minor, uret")

tight-rope walker  funambulus, us* (Eg. D.L. 59)

time zone  zôna temporâlis, circulus temporâlis (Eg. S.L. 43)

time: what time is it?  quota hora est? (Hor. S. 2, 6, 44: "hora quota est?")  qua hora est?  ask someone the time, ask what time it is  horas quaerere (Plin. 7, 182), horas requirere (Suet. Dom. 16)  [see also o'clock]

tin  plumbum album

tire  cantus, i m. (in antiquity, the outer iron covering of a tire), rota cummea, cummeum rotae involûcrum (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

token  tesserula, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 95, of tokens used in casino gambling)

toll (on toll road or toll bridge)  < portorium, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

toll-road, turnpike

toothbrush  penicillus dentarius

toothpaste  dentifricium, i n. (Eg. L.D.I. 105)  < cf. pulvis dentifricius (Pharm. Austr. 291-292)

tornado  turbô (terrênus)

totem  gentis autochthonis insigne  < insigne tribuale (Eg. R.A. 24)

tour (guided)  circumvectio et monstratio (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

Tour de France  Circuitus Galliae (Eg. S.L. 45)

tourism  voluptuaria lustratio (Eg. R.A. 72: "voluptuaria lustratio montium, quae nostris placet aequalibus, Romanis penitus erat ignota")  < res periegetica (Eg. S.L. 39) [see also vacation]

tourist  peregrinator voluptarius (Eg. S.L. 39) [see also sightseer]  < Periegetes (Eg. D.L. 12, iuxta Graecum sermonem vulgarem) valet potius "one who guides strangers, cicerone" (Lidell-Scott), "guide" (Bailly); vide quae s.v. guide scripsi.

tourist office  < sedes periegesis procurandae (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

towel  (generally)  linteum, i n. (Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 110: "linteum cape atque exterge tibi manûs"; Eg. R.A. 50: "eius corpus perfricabatur abstergebaturque redolentibus linteis"), sábanum, i n. (Pall.; Apic.);  (hand-towel)  mantêle, is n., manutergium, i n. (Isid.)  < Sabanum: "a linen cloth for wiping, wrapping up in, etc.; a towel, napkin, Pall. Jun. 7, 3; Veg. 5, 46, 11; Apic. 6, 2; Marc. Emp. 26" (LS); linge, serviette, peignoir" (Gaffiot); "linen cloth or towel" (Lidell-Scott).

track  stadium, i n.;  track and field  ? cursus ac saltus

tractor  currus tractorius  < Automatum tractorium (Eg. D.L. 41).  At currus tractorius et pro locomotive ponitur.

traditional  usitatus, a, um, (usu) receptus, a maioribus traditus

traffic signal, traffic light  ? laterna moderatoria (v. tricolor)  < semaphorus, i m. (Eg. D.L. 29)

trailer, caravan, RV  < currus remulcatus* (Eg. D.L. 41; Eg. S.L. 55)

train  hamaxostichus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 20; Eg. R.A. 143), curruum agmen (Eg. D.L. 20);  adj.  ferriviarius, a, um* (Eg. S.L. 85: "cum ... multi ... ferriviario se itinere committerent"; Eg. R.A. 65: "anno 1860, inter exordia convectionis ferriviariae")

train accident, railway accident, train wreck  gravissimus casus ferriviarius* (Eg. S.L. 87)

train schedule  index ferriviarius* (Eg. L.D.I. 107)

train station  statio viae ferratae (Eg. D.L. 57; Eg. R.A. 65), statio ferriviaria* (Eg. S.L. 10; Eg. R.A. 143)

train: express train  hamaxostichus* citatus (Eg. L.D.I. 107), tramen* citatum, hamaxostichus* citissimus (Eg. S.L. 85)

train: freight train  hamaxostichus* onerarius (Eg. R.A. 143), tramen* onerarium

translate literally, translate word for word  verbum e verbo exprimere (Cic. Ac. 2, 31; Eg. L.D.I. 121: "interpretes sacrorum Bibliorum saepe verbum e verbo exprimebant"), verbum pro verbo reddere (Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14)

transportation  res vectoria (Eg. S.L. 67)

travel book, account of a journey  hodoeporicon, i n. (Hier. Ep. 108, 8), itinerarium, i n. (Veg. Mil. 3, 6; Holberg)  [cf. guidebook]

triathlon  triathlon, i* n.

tribe  natio (indigena v. aborîginum v. autocthonum), gens (indigena v. aborîginum v. autocthonum)  < Tribus (Eg. S.L. 102).  Tribus is a division of a people (normally the Romans; the Hebrews in scripture).  LS (s.v. natio) note that gens and natio are often synonmous, but that natio is "usually applied by Cicero to distant and barbarous people."

tributary  subst.  (of river)  fluminis dêverticulum (Dig. 41, 3, 45)

triumphal arch  arcus triumphalis (Eg. R.A. 18), fornix triumphalis (Vulg. 1 Reg. 15, 12)

trophy  brabêum ?

tropical  aequinoctialis, e (Humboldt), intertropicus, a, um* (Pharm. Austr. 185: "in Mexico et in aliis regionibus intertropicis"), torridus, a, um  < tropicus (Pharm. Austr. 191: "plantae in regionibus tropicis et calidioribus fere ubique cultae"; Eg. S.L. 102)

truck  plaustrum (automatum), vehiculum onerarium, autocinêtum* onerarium (Eg. S.L. 37)

trunk  (of car)  receptaculum sarcinarium (Eg. D.L. 36);  (for storage or travel)  cista, ae f. (Ducrue 261);  (of elephant)  proboscis, idis f. (Plin.), manus, ûs f. (Cic.)

tsunami, tidal wave, storm surge  agger aquae ("consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem," Sen. Hippol. 1015; cf. Luc. 5, 674; mons aquae, Verg. A. 1, 105)

tunnel  cuniculus, i m.

turbine  phalanga turbinalis* (Eg. D.L. 35)

twenty-four-hour, all-night (of stores, restaurants)  adj.  semper patens, pervigil, is (Juv. 8, 158: "popinae pervigiles")

two-sided copy  exemplar opisthographum

typesetter  typotheta, ae* m. (Eg. L.D.I. 6)

typewriter  machina scriptoria  < machinula scriptoria (Eg. S.L. 88)

typographical error, typo  mendum typothetae (cf. Eg. L.D.I. 6: "[liber purgatus est] a nonnullis mendis, incuriae potissimum typothetarum tribuendis")

UFO  inexplicata res volans (Eg. D.L. 49)

umbilical cord  nervus umbilicaris (Tert.; Eg. S.L. 65)

umbrella  umbella, ae f. (in Mart. and Juv., of a parasol; Eg. L.D.I. 101)

umpire  brabeuta, ae m., dissignâtor, ôris m.

undertaker, funeral director, mortician  libitînârius, i m., funerarius, i m., dissignâtor, ôris m. [see also embalmer] ;  be an undertaker  libitînam exercêre  < funeribus celebrandis dominus (Eg. S.L. 90)

unemployed  operâ carens

unemployment  invita operis vacatio (Eg. D.L. 58 )

unify  in unum corpus redigere (Eg. R.A. 81: "dicatum est Victoria Emmanueli II, primo regi Italiae in unum corpus redactae")

union (labor)  opificum collegium (Eg. D.L. 26)  < cf. corpus mercatorum, fabrorum, etc. (Plin. 34, 1: "fabrum aerariorum collegium")

used  usu attritus (Eg. R.A. 12: "ingens colluvies rerum ... usu attritarum et novarum, utilium et inutilium, venalis proponitur," of a flea market)

vacation  commeatus, ûs m.; cf. iter recreatorium* (Bonon. Acad. I, 312: "me aliquando tamen recreatoria in alias regiones instituentem itinera") [see also tourism, tourist]

viaduct  pons continuus (v. perpetuus), via pensilis (v. suspensus)  < viae ductus (Eg. D.L. 20)

virgin forest  silva incaedua (Eg. D.L. 34)

visa  ingrediendi licentia

vocabulary  thesaurus verborum (Eg. L.D.I. 116)

voice mail 

volcano  mons ignivomus (Holberg; LRL), mons Vulcanius, vulcanus, i* m. (LRL; Eg. D.L. 53; Eg. S.L. 40)

volume  (sound)  sonus, i m., vocis quantitas (Quint. 11, 3, 14);  turn up (down) the volume  sonum augere (minuere);  (book)  tomus, i m., volûmen, inis n. (Eg. S.L. 24);  (space occupied)  volûmen, inis (*) n. (Pharm. Austr. 23: "volumen aquae cum aequali volumine aetheris acetici mixtum")

volunteer  vir voluntarius (Eg. S.L. 33)

waiting room  (train station)  oecus profectionem praestolantium (Eg. D.L. 57)

waste (of chemical or mechanical process), residue  retrimenta, orum n. pl.

waste basket  sirpiculus purgamentarius (Eg. D.L. 36)

watch  subst.  (timepiece)  horologium manuale, horologium brachiale (Eg. S.L. 48; Eg. L.D.I. 100);  my watch is slow (or fast)  horologium meum ... lentius (aut velocius) movetur (Eg. L.D.I. 100)

waterfall  cataracta, ae f. (Eg. S.L. 101), deiectus aquae (Sen. Ep. 56, 3)

water-line, water-main  aquarum ductus (Plin.; Vitr.), aquae ductus (Cic.; Eg. D.L. 19; Eg. S.L. 86)

watertight  aquae impervius  (cf. airtight and cite)

weather  caelum, i n., caeli status, caeli qualitas, tempestas, âtis f.;  what will the weather be today?  quae tempestas erit hodie? (Eg. L.D.I. 101)

weatherman, weather forecaster  nuntius meteorologicus* (Eg. L.D.I. 101), meteorologus, i* m., caeli vaticinator

weigh  pondo pendere (v. valere v. habere), pondo esse (Plaut. As. 299: "quot pondo te esse censes nudum? ... centum pondo es")

window: ticket window, teller window, etc.  ostiolum, i n. (Eg. S.L. 108: "in Romano aëroportu ... ante ostiolum societatis aëronauticae")

windowsill  ? pluteus fenestrae

winter Olympics  Olympia hiberna n. pl. (Eg. D.L. 12)

wire  filum (electricum) (Eg. D.L. 20)

wonder: the seven wonders of the world  septem omnium terrarum spectacula (Gell. 10, 18, 4; cf. Vitr. 2, 8, 11: "in septem spectaculis nominari")

work of art, artifact, handicraft  opus artificiôsus (Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; Eg. R.A. 66: "museum ... refertissimum antiquitatis artificiosis operibus")

work, job  opera cottidiana (Erasmus), opus cottidianum (Eg. R.A. 38), quaestus, ûs m., ars, artis f., artificium, i n.;  what (sort of work) do you do? what do you do for a living?  quod munus geris? (Eg. L.D.I.  99), qui tibi quaestus est? (Plaut.; Apul.), quam artem exerces? 

work, run  v.i.  (of machines, motor vehicles, etc.)  operâri, movêri, munere suo fungi

World Trade Center  turres geminae (Novae Eboracenses v. Novoëboracenses)  < Cf. Ital. i gemelli, Span. los gemelos, Fr. la double tour.

zoo  vivarium, i n.; thêrotrophîum, i n. (Varr. 3, 13, 2; Eg. L.D.I. 109); horti zôologici* m. pl. (Eg. L.D.I. 109)

zoologist  zoologus, i* m. (Eg. D.L. 19)

 

 

Auctores recentiores

 

Bonon. Acad. -- De Bononiensi scientiarum et artium Instituto atque Academia commentarii (1731)

Callebat, Louis and Philippe Fleury, Dictionnaire des termes technique du De architectura de Vitruve (Hildesheim, Olms-Weidmann, 1995)

Coles, A Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English (1679)

Ducrue, P. Benno Franciscus, Relatio expulsionis Societatis Iesu ex provinciae Mexicana, et maxime e California anno 1767, cum aliis scitu dignis notitiis, pp. 217-267, in Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, Journal zur Kunstgeschichte und zur allgemeinen Litteratur, zwölfter Theil (Nürnberg, 1784)

Gauss, Carl Friedrich, Werke, vols. 4-6 (Göttingen, 1863): Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae. Pars prior 1821 Febr. 15, Bd. 4;  Principia generalia theoriae figurae fluidorum in statu aequilibrii, 1829 Sept., Bd. 5, pp. 31-80; Methodus peculiaris elevationem poli determinandi, Werke, Bd. 6, pp. 37-50; Observationes cometae secundi a. 1813 in observatorio Grottingensi factae, adjectis nonnullis adnotationibus circa calculum orbitarum parabolicarum, Werke, Bd. 6, pp. 25-36;

Haas, Johann Gottfried, Vollständiges lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handwörterbuch (Ronneburg u. Leipzig 1808)

Hilgers, Werner, Lateinische Gefässnamen: Bezeichnungen Funktion und Form römischer Gefässe nach den antiken Schriftquellen (Düsseldorf, Rheinland-Verlag, 1969)

Kirsch, Cornu copiae linguae Latinae (1796)

Kopp, Ulricus Fridericus, Palaeographia critica (Mannheim, 1817-29)

Menge-Güthling, Enzyklopädisches Wörterbuch (1918)

Mercurialis, Hieronymus Foroliviensis, De Arte gymnastica libri sex (Amsterdam 1672; earliest edition appears to be Venice 1569)

Montfaucon, Bernard de, Palaeographica Graece, sive de ortu et progressu litterarum Graecarum (Paris, 1708)

Pharm. Austr. -- Pharmacopoea Nosocomiorum Civilium Argentinensium (Strasbourg, 1840)

Pharm. Helv. [1872] -- Pharmacopoea Helvetica (Bern, 1907)

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