People working for not-for-profit companies much happier than private sector employees, study finds
The study found people working in the private sector would have to earn an extra £27,000 per year to have the same happiness levels as people working for third sector companies, such as charities or social enterprises
Third sector workers report being happier and more satisfied with their pay
(
Corbis
)
Scientists have revealed one of the most effective ways to increase how happy you are and it’s much simpler than you might think. Working for a charity, social enterprise or other not-for-profit organisation increases your happiness levels sharply, research has found.
It found that not only were those in the third sector happier, but that a person working for a private company would have to earn another £27,000 per year to be as happy as their not-for-profit counterparts.
Join Independent Minds
For exclusive articles, events and an advertising-free read for just
£5.99€6.99$9.99
a month
Get the best of The Independent
With an Independent Minds subscription for just
£5.99€6.99$9.99
a month
Get the best of The Independent
Without the ads – for just
£5.99€6.99$9.99
a month
The study also found higher pay does not result in higher pay satisfaction, as third sector employees expressed similar satisfaction levels over how much they earn compared to private sector employees, despite having significantly lower salaries than them.
UK news in pictures
Show all 50
UK news in pictures
1/50 20 December 2018
A police helicopter flies over Gatwick airport in search of the person operating the drone that has caused the airport to be closed today
Getty
2/50 19 December 2018
There was controversy in the Commons today as Jeremy Corbyn allegedly called the Prime Minister a stupid woman under his breath after she made a joke at PMQs
AP
3/50 18 December 2018
Jose Mourinho after he was sacked by Manchester United with immediate effect. The Portuguese leaves United sixth in the table with the 3-1 defeat to Liverpool at Anfield on Sunday proving his final game in charge. A club statement read: "Manchester United announces that manager Jose Mourinho has left the club with immediate effect. The club would like to thank Jose for his work during his time at Manchester United and to wish him success in the future. A new caretaker manager will be appointed until the end of the current season, while the club conducts a thorough recruitment process for a new, full-time manager."
Reuters
4/50 17 December 2018
Firefighters and police officers attend a memorial service at the Harrods Bombing memorial in west London, on the 35th anniversary of the terrorist attack which left three police officers and three members of the public dead, on December 17, 1983
PA
5/50 16 December 2018
Theresa May has hit out at Mr Blair, accusing him of "insulting"the British people and the office of prime minister by "undermining" Brexit talks with calls in Brussels for a second referendum.
PA
6/50 15 December 2018
Chester Zoo after a fire broke out in the Monsoon Forest habitat area.
PA
7/50 14 December 2018
Fracking has been halted at the Preston Road site in Lancashire after a series of tremors peaking at 0.9 magnitude
Reuters
8/50 13 December 2018
Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar today told Theresa May that he expects assurances that there will be no hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
AP
9/50 12 December 2018
Theresa May announces that she is to face a vote of no confidence today
Reuters
10/50 11 December 2018
Armed police restrain a man inside the grounds of the Houses of Parliament in London
Reuters
11/50 10 December 2018
A demonstrator dressed as Theresa May sells Brexit Fudge in Old Palace Yard, Westminster
PA
12/50 9 December 2018
A pro-brexit demonstrator speaks into a megaphone at the "Brexit betrayal" march in London. Counter-demonstrators also staged a march in London today
Angela Christofilou/The Independent
13/50 8 December 2018
People in Santa costumes in Trafalgar Square, London, as they take part in Santacon
PA
14/50 7 December 2018
A large mural depicting one star being chipped away from the EU flag is seen in Dover. The work has been attributed to Banksy
Reuters
15/50 6 December 2018
A man wearing a storm trooper costume holds a sketchbook belonging to costume designer John Mollo, and showing illustrations for Star Wars costumes, during a photo-call ahead of an auction at Bonhams in central London
Reuters
16/50 5 December 2018
Demonstrators for and against Brexit protest opposite the Houses of Parliament
AFP/Getty
17/50 4 December 2018
Theresa May has suffered an unprecedented defeat after the government was found to be in contempt of parliament for refusing to publish key Brexit papers.
Labour and other opposition MPs, including Ms May's DUP allies, won a narrow victory on the emergency motion, which argued that ministers failed to comply with a binding Commons resolution to publish the full legal advice on the Brexit dea
Reuters
18/50 3 December 2018
The Independent's Final Say campaign and People's Vote delivering to 10 Downing Street their respective petitions calling for a public referendum on Theresa May's Brexit deal. The Independent editor Christian Broughton delivered over one million Final Say signatures and People's Vote spokesman Chuka Umunna delivered 300,000 People's Vote signatures at midday
The Independent/Lucy Young
19/50 2 December 2018
Competitors take part in the London Santa Run in London's Victoria Park
Reuters
20/50 1 December 2018
Britain will no longer have access to the EU's Galileo satellite system (pictured) following brexit
PA
21/50 30 November 2018
US President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Theresa May attend the G20 leaders summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Reuters
22/50 29 November 2018
Waves hit the British coast as Storm Diana approaches, in Portreath, Cornwall
StuCornell/Twitter/Reuters
23/50 28 November 2018
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge stand with Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha (left), the son of Leicester City's chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, and his mother Aimon watched by Leicester City players (right) as they pause after laying flowers during their visit to the King Power Stadium in Leicester, to pay tribute to those who lost their lives in the October 27 helicopter crash at the stadium. The chairman was among five people killed when his helicopter crashed in the side's stadium car park moments after taking off from the pitch
AFP/Getty
24/50 27 November 2018
A demonstrator wearing a mask of Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg poses outside Portcullis house to question the refusal of Zuckerberg to give evidence to the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee investigation into disinformation and fake news at the Houses of Parliament in London. Facebook boss Richard Allan is expected to be among a number of officials giving evidence to an "international grand committee" on disinformation and fake news
AFP/Getty
25/50 26 November 2018
Artist Joseph Hillier and his sculpture - Messenger, depicting "a young powerful woman", which will be unveiled next year for Theatre Royal Plymouth. The sculpture, spanning seven metres high and nine metres wide, is too large to be put together at Castle Fine Arts foundry, near Oswestry, so it's being made in sections with 30 master craftsmen to weld them together
PA
26/50 25 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May gives a press conference at the end of the European Council meeting in Brussels. The leaders of the 27 remaining EU member countries (EU27) have endorsed the draft Brexit withdrawal agreement and approved the draft political declaration on future EU-UK relations in a special meeting of the European Council on Britain leaving the EU under Article 50
EPA
27/50 24 November 2018
Environmental activists gather around a mock 'coffin', with "our future" written on it, on the green in Parliament Square during a demonstration organised by the movement Extinction Rebellion, calling on the British government to take action on climate and ecological issues. After a week of protest action disrupting the traffic on bridges in central London over the Thames, the social movement Extinction Rebellion, planned a 'funeral march' to highlight what they describe as a climate and ecological emergency. Extinction Rebellion demands that the UK government reduces to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025 and creates a citizens assembly to oversee changes in environmental policies
AFP/Getty
28/50 23 November 2018
England batsman Jonny Bairstow celebrates after reaching his century during Day One of the Third Test match against Sri Lanka at Sinhalese Sports Club in Colombo
Getty
29/50 22 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May joins a parent and baby group during a visit to the Kentish Town Health Centre in London
Reuters
30/50 21 November 2018
A crashed car, with an object protruding through the windscreen, sits abandoned on the A628 in the Peak District, as a blast of snow hit the north of England
PA
31/50 20 November 2018
Waves crash over Seaham lighthouse near Durham as the cold and wet weather continues
PA
32/50 19 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May speaking at the CBI annual conference at InterContinental Hotel. Ms May, speaking at the CBI conference, said it was “important” that the UK had escaped EU rules by the 2022 election, but did not give a guarantee
PA
33/50 18 November 2018
England's Harry Kane celebrates with team mate Jesse Lingard after he scored the winning goal against Croatia, after coming from 0-1 down during their Nations League match at Wembley Stadium. The win means that England process to the semi-finals of the new competition and relegate Croatia
AFP/Getty
34/50 17 November 2018
Demonstrators on Westminster Bridge in London for a protest called by Extinction Rebellion to raise awareness of the dangers posed by climate change
PA
35/50 16 November 2018
Environment Secretary Michael Gove speaking outside the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs offices. He confirmed he will remain in post and thinks it is important to continue working with Cabinet colleagues to ensure the best Brexit outcome for the country
PA
36/50 15 November 2018
Theresa May chuckles at a press conference in Downing Street after a tough day in which multiple cabinet members have resigned and a number of MPs have tabled votes of no confidence in her leadership
Reuters
37/50 14 November 2018
Pro-European Union, anti-Brexit demonstrators hold placards and wave Union and EU flags as they protest outside of the Houses of Parliament. British and European Union negotiators have reached a draft agreement on Brexit
AFP/Getty
38/50 13 November 2018
Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab leaves Downing Street. Prime Minister Theresa May today faced her divided ministers as negotiators scrambled to secure a divorce agreement with the European Union and anxiety mounted over the risk of a no-deal Brexit
PA
39/50 12 November 2018
Berlin Mayor Michael Mueller (centre) welcomes Madrid Mayor Manuela Carmena (left) and London Mayor Sadiq Khan at City Hall in Berlin. The three city leaders are meeting to discuss common challenges, including the consequences of Brexit, immigration and the growth of right-wing populism
Getty
40/50 11 November 2018
Prince Charles, and President of Germany, Frank-Walter Steinmeier face the Cenotaph during the Remembrance Sunday ceremony on Whitehall in London. On the 100th anniversary of the World War I armistice, the day's events mark the final First World War Centenary commemoration events hosted by the UK Government
AFP/Getty
41/50 10 November 2018
Fans, players and staff pay tribute inside of the King Power stadium as a silence is observed in memory of Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha prior to their Premier League match against Burnley. The first time a match has been played in the stadium since the owners helicopter crash
Getty
42/50 9 November 2018
Transport Minister Jo Johnson has resigned in protest of the Government's Brexit plan and called for a Final Say referendum
EPA
43/50 8 November 2018
Britain's Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt delivers a speech at the British embassy in Paris. Britain's foreign secretary says Brexit negotiations are in "the final phase" and that he is confident that an agreement will be reached with the European Union.
AP
44/50 7 November 2018
Captain James Pugh places a figure among artist Rob Heard's installation Shrouds of the Somme, which honours the dead of the First World War, at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London. 72,396 small shrouded figures, representing soldiers who died and were never recovered from the Somme battlefields, have been laid out by volunteers and members of 1 Royal Anglian Regiment
PA
45/50 6 November 2018
Adrian Lester, Sir Lenny Henry, Ade Adepitan, Nadine Marsh-Edwards, Marcus Ryder and Meera Syal, as they deliver a letter, signed by a string of stars, to 10 Downing Street, calling for tax breaks to effect change and boost diversity behind the camera
PA
46/50 5 November 2018
EU nationals, living in the UK take part in a demonstration along Whitehall. Three campaign groups, 'the3million', 'British in Europe', and UNISON came together to form a human chain from Downing Street to Parliament Square and lobby MPs
Getty
47/50 4 November 2018
The Leicester City team with Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha (centre in white uniform) son of Leicester City's Thai owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha while they pay their respects during the second day of the funeral ceremony at Wat Thepsirin Buddhist temple in Bangkok. Players and staff from the club arrived in Bangkok to attend a mourning rite for the club's chairman, whose death last week in a helicopter crash stunned the Premier League club
King Power/AFP/Getty
48/50 3 November 2018
The Edenbridge Bonfire Society celebrity guy, Boris Johnson, is set on fire in Kent
PA
49/50 2 November 2018
Wreaths reading 'THE BOSS', for Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, left by Leicester City players outside the King Power stadium. Chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, was among those to have tragically lost their lives on Saturday evening when a helicopter carrying him and four other people crashed outside the stadium
PA
50/50 1 November 2018
Google staff stage a walkout at the company's UK headquarters in London as part of a global campaign over the US tech giant's handling of sexual harassment. Hundreds of employees also walked out of their European headquarters in Dublin, as well as, other offices in different parts of the world
AFP/Getty
1/50 20 December 2018
A police helicopter flies over Gatwick airport in search of the person operating the drone that has caused the airport to be closed today
Getty
2/50 19 December 2018
There was controversy in the Commons today as Jeremy Corbyn allegedly called the Prime Minister a stupid woman under his breath after she made a joke at PMQs
AP
3/50 18 December 2018
Jose Mourinho after he was sacked by Manchester United with immediate effect. The Portuguese leaves United sixth in the table with the 3-1 defeat to Liverpool at Anfield on Sunday proving his final game in charge. A club statement read: "Manchester United announces that manager Jose Mourinho has left the club with immediate effect. The club would like to thank Jose for his work during his time at Manchester United and to wish him success in the future. A new caretaker manager will be appointed until the end of the current season, while the club conducts a thorough recruitment process for a new, full-time manager."
Reuters
4/50 17 December 2018
Firefighters and police officers attend a memorial service at the Harrods Bombing memorial in west London, on the 35th anniversary of the terrorist attack which left three police officers and three members of the public dead, on December 17, 1983
PA
5/50 16 December 2018
Theresa May has hit out at Mr Blair, accusing him of "insulting"the British people and the office of prime minister by "undermining" Brexit talks with calls in Brussels for a second referendum.
PA
6/50 15 December 2018
Chester Zoo after a fire broke out in the Monsoon Forest habitat area.
PA
7/50 14 December 2018
Fracking has been halted at the Preston Road site in Lancashire after a series of tremors peaking at 0.9 magnitude
Reuters
8/50 13 December 2018
Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar today told Theresa May that he expects assurances that there will be no hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
AP
9/50 12 December 2018
Theresa May announces that she is to face a vote of no confidence today
Reuters
10/50 11 December 2018
Armed police restrain a man inside the grounds of the Houses of Parliament in London
Reuters
11/50 10 December 2018
A demonstrator dressed as Theresa May sells Brexit Fudge in Old Palace Yard, Westminster
PA
12/50 9 December 2018
A pro-brexit demonstrator speaks into a megaphone at the "Brexit betrayal" march in London. Counter-demonstrators also staged a march in London today
Angela Christofilou/The Independent
13/50 8 December 2018
People in Santa costumes in Trafalgar Square, London, as they take part in Santacon
PA
14/50 7 December 2018
A large mural depicting one star being chipped away from the EU flag is seen in Dover. The work has been attributed to Banksy
Reuters
15/50 6 December 2018
A man wearing a storm trooper costume holds a sketchbook belonging to costume designer John Mollo, and showing illustrations for Star Wars costumes, during a photo-call ahead of an auction at Bonhams in central London
Reuters
16/50 5 December 2018
Demonstrators for and against Brexit protest opposite the Houses of Parliament
AFP/Getty
17/50 4 December 2018
Theresa May has suffered an unprecedented defeat after the government was found to be in contempt of parliament for refusing to publish key Brexit papers.
Labour and other opposition MPs, including Ms May's DUP allies, won a narrow victory on the emergency motion, which argued that ministers failed to comply with a binding Commons resolution to publish the full legal advice on the Brexit dea
Reuters
18/50 3 December 2018
The Independent's Final Say campaign and People's Vote delivering to 10 Downing Street their respective petitions calling for a public referendum on Theresa May's Brexit deal. The Independent editor Christian Broughton delivered over one million Final Say signatures and People's Vote spokesman Chuka Umunna delivered 300,000 People's Vote signatures at midday
The Independent/Lucy Young
19/50 2 December 2018
Competitors take part in the London Santa Run in London's Victoria Park
Reuters
20/50 1 December 2018
Britain will no longer have access to the EU's Galileo satellite system (pictured) following brexit
PA
21/50 30 November 2018
US President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Theresa May attend the G20 leaders summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Reuters
22/50 29 November 2018
Waves hit the British coast as Storm Diana approaches, in Portreath, Cornwall
StuCornell/Twitter/Reuters
23/50 28 November 2018
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge stand with Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha (left), the son of Leicester City's chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, and his mother Aimon watched by Leicester City players (right) as they pause after laying flowers during their visit to the King Power Stadium in Leicester, to pay tribute to those who lost their lives in the October 27 helicopter crash at the stadium. The chairman was among five people killed when his helicopter crashed in the side's stadium car park moments after taking off from the pitch
AFP/Getty
24/50 27 November 2018
A demonstrator wearing a mask of Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg poses outside Portcullis house to question the refusal of Zuckerberg to give evidence to the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee investigation into disinformation and fake news at the Houses of Parliament in London. Facebook boss Richard Allan is expected to be among a number of officials giving evidence to an "international grand committee" on disinformation and fake news
AFP/Getty
25/50 26 November 2018
Artist Joseph Hillier and his sculpture - Messenger, depicting "a young powerful woman", which will be unveiled next year for Theatre Royal Plymouth. The sculpture, spanning seven metres high and nine metres wide, is too large to be put together at Castle Fine Arts foundry, near Oswestry, so it's being made in sections with 30 master craftsmen to weld them together
PA
26/50 25 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May gives a press conference at the end of the European Council meeting in Brussels. The leaders of the 27 remaining EU member countries (EU27) have endorsed the draft Brexit withdrawal agreement and approved the draft political declaration on future EU-UK relations in a special meeting of the European Council on Britain leaving the EU under Article 50
EPA
27/50 24 November 2018
Environmental activists gather around a mock 'coffin', with "our future" written on it, on the green in Parliament Square during a demonstration organised by the movement Extinction Rebellion, calling on the British government to take action on climate and ecological issues. After a week of protest action disrupting the traffic on bridges in central London over the Thames, the social movement Extinction Rebellion, planned a 'funeral march' to highlight what they describe as a climate and ecological emergency. Extinction Rebellion demands that the UK government reduces to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025 and creates a citizens assembly to oversee changes in environmental policies
AFP/Getty
28/50 23 November 2018
England batsman Jonny Bairstow celebrates after reaching his century during Day One of the Third Test match against Sri Lanka at Sinhalese Sports Club in Colombo
Getty
29/50 22 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May joins a parent and baby group during a visit to the Kentish Town Health Centre in London
Reuters
30/50 21 November 2018
A crashed car, with an object protruding through the windscreen, sits abandoned on the A628 in the Peak District, as a blast of snow hit the north of England
PA
31/50 20 November 2018
Waves crash over Seaham lighthouse near Durham as the cold and wet weather continues
PA
32/50 19 November 2018
Prime Minister Theresa May speaking at the CBI annual conference at InterContinental Hotel. Ms May, speaking at the CBI conference, said it was “important” that the UK had escaped EU rules by the 2022 election, but did not give a guarantee
PA
33/50 18 November 2018
England's Harry Kane celebrates with team mate Jesse Lingard after he scored the winning goal against Croatia, after coming from 0-1 down during their Nations League match at Wembley Stadium. The win means that England process to the semi-finals of the new competition and relegate Croatia
AFP/Getty
34/50 17 November 2018
Demonstrators on Westminster Bridge in London for a protest called by Extinction Rebellion to raise awareness of the dangers posed by climate change
PA
35/50 16 November 2018
Environment Secretary Michael Gove speaking outside the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs offices. He confirmed he will remain in post and thinks it is important to continue working with Cabinet colleagues to ensure the best Brexit outcome for the country
PA
36/50 15 November 2018
Theresa May chuckles at a press conference in Downing Street after a tough day in which multiple cabinet members have resigned and a number of MPs have tabled votes of no confidence in her leadership
Reuters
37/50 14 November 2018
Pro-European Union, anti-Brexit demonstrators hold placards and wave Union and EU flags as they protest outside of the Houses of Parliament. British and European Union negotiators have reached a draft agreement on Brexit
AFP/Getty
38/50 13 November 2018
Brexit Secretary Dominic Raab leaves Downing Street. Prime Minister Theresa May today faced her divided ministers as negotiators scrambled to secure a divorce agreement with the European Union and anxiety mounted over the risk of a no-deal Brexit
PA
39/50 12 November 2018
Berlin Mayor Michael Mueller (centre) welcomes Madrid Mayor Manuela Carmena (left) and London Mayor Sadiq Khan at City Hall in Berlin. The three city leaders are meeting to discuss common challenges, including the consequences of Brexit, immigration and the growth of right-wing populism
Getty
40/50 11 November 2018
Prince Charles, and President of Germany, Frank-Walter Steinmeier face the Cenotaph during the Remembrance Sunday ceremony on Whitehall in London. On the 100th anniversary of the World War I armistice, the day's events mark the final First World War Centenary commemoration events hosted by the UK Government
AFP/Getty
41/50 10 November 2018
Fans, players and staff pay tribute inside of the King Power stadium as a silence is observed in memory of Leicester City chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha prior to their Premier League match against Burnley. The first time a match has been played in the stadium since the owners helicopter crash
Getty
42/50 9 November 2018
Transport Minister Jo Johnson has resigned in protest of the Government's Brexit plan and called for a Final Say referendum
EPA
43/50 8 November 2018
Britain's Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt delivers a speech at the British embassy in Paris. Britain's foreign secretary says Brexit negotiations are in "the final phase" and that he is confident that an agreement will be reached with the European Union.
AP
44/50 7 November 2018
Captain James Pugh places a figure among artist Rob Heard's installation Shrouds of the Somme, which honours the dead of the First World War, at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London. 72,396 small shrouded figures, representing soldiers who died and were never recovered from the Somme battlefields, have been laid out by volunteers and members of 1 Royal Anglian Regiment
PA
45/50 6 November 2018
Adrian Lester, Sir Lenny Henry, Ade Adepitan, Nadine Marsh-Edwards, Marcus Ryder and Meera Syal, as they deliver a letter, signed by a string of stars, to 10 Downing Street, calling for tax breaks to effect change and boost diversity behind the camera
PA
46/50 5 November 2018
EU nationals, living in the UK take part in a demonstration along Whitehall. Three campaign groups, 'the3million', 'British in Europe', and UNISON came together to form a human chain from Downing Street to Parliament Square and lobby MPs
Getty
47/50 4 November 2018
The Leicester City team with Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha (centre in white uniform) son of Leicester City's Thai owner Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha while they pay their respects during the second day of the funeral ceremony at Wat Thepsirin Buddhist temple in Bangkok. Players and staff from the club arrived in Bangkok to attend a mourning rite for the club's chairman, whose death last week in a helicopter crash stunned the Premier League club
King Power/AFP/Getty
48/50 3 November 2018
The Edenbridge Bonfire Society celebrity guy, Boris Johnson, is set on fire in Kent
PA
49/50 2 November 2018
Wreaths reading 'THE BOSS', for Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, left by Leicester City players outside the King Power stadium. Chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, was among those to have tragically lost their lives on Saturday evening when a helicopter carrying him and four other people crashed outside the stadium
PA
50/50 1 November 2018
Google staff stage a walkout at the company's UK headquarters in London as part of a global campaign over the US tech giant's handling of sexual harassment. Hundreds of employees also walked out of their European headquarters in Dublin, as well as, other offices in different parts of the world
AFP/Getty
Study author Martin Binder said: “Adding to our understanding of job satisfaction, the present paper has shown that for Great Britain’s third sector, workers in non-profit organizations are much more satisfied than their peers in private firms with the work itself that they are doing, with their hours worked and with their job security. They are not significantly more satisfied with their pay or promotion prospects but given that they earn less on average it is interesting to note that they are not less satisfied with their pay.”
It is estimated that 732,000 people work in the third sector in the UK. The number is growing, increasing by 34 per cent between 2001 and 2011.
Subscribe to Independent Minds to debate the big issues
Want to discuss real-world problems, be involved in the most engaging discussions and hear from the
journalists? Try Independent Minds free for 14 days.
Subscribe to Independent Minds to debate the big issues
Want to discuss real-world problems, be involved in the most engaging discussions and hear from the
journalists? Try Independent Minds free for 14 days.
Independent Minds Comments can be posted by members of our membership scheme, Independent Minds.
It allows our most engaged readers to debate the big issues, share their own experiences, discuss
real-world solutions, and more. Our journalists will try to respond by joining the threads when
they can to create a true meeting of independent minds. The most insightful comments on all subjects
will be published daily in dedicated articles. You can also choose to be emailed when someone replies
to your comment.
The existing Open Comments threads will continue to exist for those who do not subscribe to
Independent Minds. Due to the sheer scale of this comment community, we are not able to give each post
the same level of attention, but we have preserved this area in the interests of open debate. Please
continue to respect all commenters and create constructive debates.
Comments
Share your thoughts and debate the big issues
Please be respectful when making a comment and adhere to our Community Guidelines.
You can find our Community Guidelines in full here.
Please be respectful when making a comment and adhere to our Community Guidelines.
Community Guidelines
You can find our Community Guidelines in full here.
Follow comments
Vote
Report Comment
Subscribe to Independent Minds to debate the big issues
Want to discuss real-world problems, be involved in the most engaging discussions and hear from the journalists? Try Independent Minds free for 14 days.
Already registered? Log inReport Comment
Delete Comment
Subscribe to Independent Minds to debate the big issues
Want to discuss real-world problems, be involved in the most engaging discussions and hear from the journalists? Try Independent Minds free for 14 days.
Already registered? Log inAbout The Independent commenting
Independent Minds Comments can be posted by members of our membership scheme, Independent Minds. It allows our most engaged readers to debate the big issues, share their own experiences, discuss real-world solutions, and more. Our journalists will try to respond by joining the threads when they can to create a true meeting of independent minds. The most insightful comments on all subjects will be published daily in dedicated articles. You can also choose to be emailed when someone replies to your comment.
The existing Open Comments threads will continue to exist for those who do not subscribe to Independent Minds. Due to the sheer scale of this comment community, we are not able to give each post the same level of attention, but we have preserved this area in the interests of open debate. Please continue to respect all commenters and create constructive debates.