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By Lila Randall PUBLISHED: 15:55, Sun, Sep 27, 2020 | UPDATED: 17:41, Sun, Sep 27, 2020 0 Comment section Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Copy link Link copied COVID-19 immune system response explained by expert The shock warning came as the largest city in Brazil's Amazon closed bars and beaches to contain a fresh surge of coronavirus cases, dashing hopes that Manaus was the first place in the world to reach herd immunity. It was thought that when a large portion of a community had been exposed to Covid, its spread became far less likely. Related articles * Coronavirus chaos: Birmingham introduces new emergency measures * Queen's Birthday Honours: Hundreds of COVID heroes to be recognised University of Sao Paulo researchers suggested that a drastic fall in COVID-19 deaths in Manaus pointed to collective immunity at work, but they now believe that antibodies to the disease after infection may not last more than a few months. Local authorities on Friday enforced a 30-day ban on parties and other gatherings, and restricted restaurant and shopping hours, a setback for the city of 1.8 million after the worst of the pandemic seemed to be behind them. In April and May, so many Manaus residents were dying from COVID-19 that its hospitals collapsed and cemeteries could not dig graves fast enough. The city never imposed a full lockdown. Non-essential businesses were closed but many simply ignored social distancing guidelines. Coronavirus warning: Covid-19 immunity may only last weeks, experts warn Coronavirus warning: Covid-19 immunity may only last weeks, experts warn (Image: Getty) Sign up for FREE now and never miss the top politics stories again ____________________ (BUTTON) SUBSCRIBE Invalid email We will use your email address only for sending you newsletters. Please see our Privacy Notice for details of your data protection rights. In April and May, so many Manaus residents were dying from COVID-19 that its hospitals collapsed In April and May, so many Manaus residents were dying from COVID-19 that its hospitals collapsed (Image: Getty) Then in June, deaths unexpectedly plummeted. Public health experts wondered whether so many residents had caught the virus that it had run out of new people to infect. Research posted last week to medRxiv, a website distributing unpublished papers on health science, estimated that 44% to 66% of the Manaus population was infected between the peak in mid-May and August. The study by the University of Sao Paulo's Institute of Tropical Medicine tested newly donated banked blood for antibodies to the virus and used a mathematical model to estimate contagion levels. The high infection rate suggested that herd immunity led to the dramatic drop in cases and deaths, the study said. Daily burials and cremations fell from a peak of 277 on May 1 to just 45 in mid-September, according to the mayor's office. The COVID-19 death toll that officially peaked at 60 on April 30 dropped to just two or three a day by the end of August. But now the numbers are on the rise again. Brazil's right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro Brazil's right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro (Image: Getty) The study's lead researcher, Ester Sabino, declined to be interviewed for this article because the Manaus herd immunity study awaits peer review for publication. Authorities warned Manaus residents they were ignoring the virus and risked a second wave of contagion by not wearing masks, packing into bars and attending parties. They shut down Manaus' river beachfront where raves were being held. Manaus Mayor Arthur Virgilio blamed right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro, who has minimized the gravity of the pandemic, for encouraging a return to normal life and work instead of waiting for a vaccine to be developed. "The government must take this seriously and speak the truth. If it says there is no problem, that encourages people to ignore our decrees," the mayor told Reuters in an interview. Epidemiologist Dr André Patricio Almeida, of the Adventist Hospital of Manaus, said cases are rising again mostly among younger, wealthier people who go to bars who show milder symptoms but often infect older relatives who need to be treated in hospital. IFRAME: https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/widgets/established/coronaVirus?fixedheigh t&webexpressnews Almeida said too little is known about COVID-19 and whether re-infection is possible to verify if herd immunity was reached in Manaus, but some short-lived immunity probably had been attained. "There could be immunity that does not last for long," Mayor Virgilio agreed. The Sao Paulo University study said coronavirus antibodies appeared to wane after just a few months, which could explain the resurgence in Manaus. "Something that became evident in our study - and that is also being shown by other groups - is that antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 decay quickly, a few months after infection," one of its authors, Leis Buss, said in a statement by the Sao Paulo research foundation FAPESP that accompanied the paper. "This is clearly occurring in Manaus," Buss said. Related articles * Cash use rebounds despite lockdown – access must be maintained * 'China to announce COVID-19 cure, just let them DARE ask world to pay' * Flu jab latest: Where is the cheapest place to get a flu vaccine? Coronavirus Most read in World coronavirus vaccine eu news european union covid vaccine rollout uk pfizer EU civil war erupts over coronavirus vaccine race - 'Bloc is slow, this is a nightmare!' 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